2012年广州市白纹伊蚊监测点雌蚊经产率状况分析

目的了解广州市登革热媒介白纹伊蚊成雌蚊经产率状况,为蚊媒控制提供科学依据。方法在广州市白纹伊蚊监测点采集白纹伊蚊成虫,在体视镜下解剖卵巢并观察。结果白纹伊蚊雌蚊的经产率在3、4、12月份较低;卵巢经产率高峰在7—10月份,平均经产率达到88.74%;8月份最高,达到90.8%。结论为了及时防控登革热,对白纹伊蚊雌蚊经产率持续观察,在其高峰到来前,宜提前采取相应措施,以控制蚊媒密度。

三带喙库蚊越冬前期体大小与经产及生殖营养分离的关系

越冬前期三带喙库蚊有两种类型的翅、足长个体,长翅蚊占总数的46.6%,短翅蚊占53.4%。用概率纸分析翅、足长频数分布,表明越冬前三带喙库蚊翅、足长并非正态分布。未产卵蚊翅比产卵蚊长,短翅蚊生殖营养分离高于长翅型蚊。翅、足长短与吸血及交配没有关系。两种类型蚊的卵巢滤泡观察表明,几乎所有雌蚊都为非滞育蚊。

Supply-Side Structural Reforms and China's Potential Economic Growth Rate

This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.

The Contribution of Marketization to China＇s Economic Growth

Market-oriented economic transition since 1978 has led to remarkable economic development in China. In this study, we use the National Economic Research Institute （NERI） Index of Marketization and a panel data model to investigate the quantitative contributions of marketization to China＇s total factor productivity （TFP） and economic growth. Our results indicate that marketization contributed 1.45 percentage points on average to China＇s annual economic growth rate during the period from 1997 to 2007 and accounted for 39.2 percent of the increase in TFP. Marketization significantly improved resource allocation. However, economic transition in China has not yet been completed and sustainability of future growth will depend on further market-oriented reforms.

Evaluation of gas production from multiple coal seams： A simulation study and economics

Gas production from multiple coal seams has become common practice in many coal basins around the world. Although gas production rates are typically enhanced, the economic viability of such practice is not well studied. In order to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of multiple coal seams production, reservoir simulation integrated with economics modelling was performed to study the effect of important reservoir properties of the secondary coal seam on production and economic performance using both vertical and horizontal wells. The results demonstrated that multiple seam gas production of using both vertical and horizontal wells have competitive advantage over single layer production under most scenarios. Gas content and permeability of the secondary coal seam are the most important reservoir properties that have impact on the economic feasibility of multiple seam gas production. The comparison of vertical well and horizontal well performance showed that horizontal well is more economically attractive for both single well and gas field. Moreover, wellhead price is the most sensitive to the economic performance, followed by operating costs and government subsidy. Although the results of reservoir simulation combined with economic analysis are subject to assumptions, multiple seam gas production is more likely to maintain profitability compared with single layer production.

Can environmental regulation promote industrial innovation and productivity?Based on the strong and weak Porter hypothesis

This paper constructed extended CDM model to study the effects of environmental regulation on industrial innovation and productivity based on the perspective of strong and weak "Porter hypothesis",by using 28 manufacturing industry panel data of 2003-2014. The findings reveal that:(1) the impact of environmental regulation on R&D intensity lags behind. In the long run,environmental regulation intensity has a significant role in promoting R&D investment in manufacturing industry.(2) The R&D has a significant role in promoting the substantial innovation of manufacturing industry, and has a strong lag and continuity. However, the R&D intensity has no obvious effect on strategic innovation of manufacturing industry.(3) The substantial innovation doesn't significantly promote the economic performance of manufacturing industry, but it has a significant role in promoting the energy performance of manufacturing industry, and the substantial innovation plays a significant role in promoting environmental performance in the long term. The strategic innovation significantly promotes the economic performance of manufacturing industry, and it inhibits the energy performance and has no significant effect on environmental performance in the short term. It can promote the energy performance of manufacturing industry, but significantly inhibit environmental performance in the long term.(4) Environmental regulation has significantly suppressed the substantive innovation and strategic innovation of manufacturing industry, and the weak Porter hypothesis has not yet been supported. In the short term, environmental regulation inhibits manufacturing economic performance, but it can promote energy and environmental performance. In the long run, environmental regulation promotes the economic and energy performance of manufacturing industry, but it inhibits environmental performance. The establishment of strong Porter hypothesis has a certain scenario.

Comparative Utilization of Different Fibre Feedstuffs by Weaning/Growing Pigs in the Tropics

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding different fibre feedstuffs on the performance, nutrient utilization and economics of production of weaning/growing pigs. Five fibre feedstuffs--palm kernel cake （PKC）, wheat offal （WO）, corn bran （CB）, rice bran （RB） and brewers＇ dried grain （BDG） were used at 25% in each of the five experimental diets that were formulated in this study. Twenty weaner pigs （12.75 ± 0.6 kg） were used for the growth study while 15 pigs （14.95 ± 0.57 kg） were used for the digestibility study. The design of the experiment was completely randomized. The results of the study showed that the performance of the experimental animals were significantly influenced （P 〈 0.05） by the dietary treatments. The apparent digestibility of the crude protein, crude fiber and ether extract showed significant differences （P 〈 0.05） while there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） in the apparent digestibility of their dry matter, ash and nitrogen free extract. The diet that contained WO had the best growth response and apparent nutrient digestibility. Results of economics of production also showed that diet with WO gave the best （P 〈 0.05） value in feed cost/＇kg gain and net profit/animal. It can be concluded from this study that although all the animals fed the different fibre feedstuffs performed satisfactorily on all the parameters monitored, but for optimum growth, apparent nutrients digestibility and economics of production. WO should be used as a fibre feedstuff in the diets of weaning/growing pigs in the tropics.

Carbon Productivity Analysis to Address Global Climate Change

Developing low-carbon economy and enhancing carbon productivity are basic approaches to coordinating economic development and protecting global environment, which are also the major ways to address climate change under the framework of sustainable development. In this paper, the authors analyze the annual rate of carbon productivity growth, the differences of carbon productivity of different countries, and the factors for enhancing carbon productivity. Consequently, the authors clarify their viewpoint that the annual rate of carbon productivity growth can be used to weigh the efforts that a country takes to address climate change, and propose policies and suggestions on promoting carbon production.

The Fatherhood Premium： Mirage or Reality？ How Do Occupational Characteristics Matter

A differential fatherhood premium exists among selected groups of fathers of various socio-economic backgrounds. Besides marital status, residential arrangement, biological paternity, and other demographic dimensions, the mechanisms associated with fathers＇ structural characteristics of work that produce divergent labor market outcomes are less well understood. The authors leveraged the cases of productivity and specialization, family and responsibility, and compensating differentials and examined the impacts of work context and occupational characteristics on the pay gap between fathers and non-fathers Based on joint data from the 1997-2015 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth （NLSY97） and Occupational Information Network （O＇NET） （n -- 37,138）, the authors used fixed-effects models to estimate the associations between job features and the fatherhood premium. The regression results showed that occupations entailing competition and requiring on-the-job training are associated with more wage bonus; occupations offering inflexible schedule are associated with less wage gain These work-related characteristics further emphasize fathers＇ work structure and context, human capital accumulation, and work-family conflict. Overall, these findings are consistent with the theoretical perspectives of productivity and specialization and compensating differentials, adding new evidences to the structural explanations of the fatherhood premium.

A Cross-Cultural Initiative： Engaging China＇s Middle Class

This study provides an evaluation of China＇s growing middle class, the new consumers for world economies and estimated to be 300-500 million people. By using internal analysis of market and nonmarket variables, we detail how the future growth rate of the middle class is dependent on three issues： domestic consumption trends of Generation Y in China, the valued opportunity of the science and technology industry, and the importance of maintaining a strong work force able to increase productivity. In particular, we discuss market demands from Generation Y, products best suited for Chinese consumers, and the effect social-economic inequalities in Western China will have on development measures of the middle class. Based on data collection, interviews, library research and econometric analyses, we show how these above issues will continue to influence consumer behavior, reform policies, and the growth of the middle class in China. It is important to note that economic growth and prosperity in China will only continue if the national government and private institutions, along with the international agendas of other countries, are in balance, and not excess, of the resources and capabilities available for desired growth levels.

Labour Productivity and the Chaotic Economic Growth Model： G7

Chaos theory is used to prove that erratic and chaotic fluctuations can indeed arise in completely deterministic models. Chaos theory reveals structure in aperiodic, dynamic systems. The number of nonlinear business cycle models use chaos theory to explain complex motion of the economy. Almost three years after the crisis, the G7 countries continue to be challenged with economic volatility. The global economy has slowed. Growth in the United States has weakened. In Europe, economic instability is generated by the financial and economic imbalances. Europe is gripped with financial strains from the sovereign debt crisis in the euro area periphery. How these G7 economies confront their fiscal challenges will profoundly affect their economic stability. The basic aim of this paper is to provide a relatively simple chaotic economic growth model that is capable of generating stable equilibria, cycles, or chaos. This paper looks in more detail at the GDP growth stability issues in each of the G7 countries in the period 1990-2012 （Retrieved from http：//www, imf.org）. A key hypothesis of this work is based on the idea that the coefficient π =[p（s_p-i-n/pb-p_mb_m）] plays a crucial role in explaining local stability of the gross domestic product growth, where, p---the coefficient of labour productivity; p.,--the coefficient of the marginal labour productivity, sp-private saving rate;i--investment rate; b-percent of the gross domestic product which belongs to budget deficit; bm-marginal budget deficit coefficient; n-net capital outflow rate.

Examination of Resource Curse Hypothesis: Mineral Resources Exploitation and Economic Growth in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

The mineral resources exploitation stage and the economic growth rate are various in different regions of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Using the method of location quotient, this paper identifies and classifies the intensive regions of three types of mineral resources, known as coal, oil and natural gas, respectively. The intensive regions of economic growth were also identified, according to the rate of per capita GDP growth at prefecture, autonomous prefecture and city. The relationships between different mineral resources and economic growth are different, for example, the relationship between economic growth and coal resource is positive, while the relationship between economic growth and oil resource, or natural gas resource is negative. This study empirically examines the effects of natural resources on economic growth of Xinjiang. The results show that whilst natural resources have a positive impact on growth, and can make a negative impact on growth through the transmission channels, such as investment, manufacture, human capital, and scientific and technologic innovation. Moreover, it studies the transmission channels, that is, the effect of natural resources on the other explanatory variables, and calculates the indirect effect of natural resources on growth for each transmission channel, and comprehensive effects of natural resources on growth. The calculated result of comprehensive effects indicates that the positive direct effects of natural resources on growth are shown to outweigh the negative indirect effect of Xinjiang autonomous region.

Effects of simulated flue gases on growth and lipid production of Chlorella sorokiniana CS-01

To study the abilities of Chlorella sorokiniana CS-01 on using CO2 from flue gases to produce biodiesel,the microaglae was cultured with different simulated flue gases containing 5%-15%(volume fraction) of CO2.The results show that strain CS-01 could grow at 15% CO2 and grow well under CO2 contents ranging from 5%-10%.The maximal biomass productivity and lipid productivity were obtained when aerating with 10% of CO2.The lipids content ranged from 28% to 43% of dry mass of biomass.The main fatty acid compositions of strain CS-01 were C14-C18(>72%) short-chain FAMEs(known as biodiesel feedstocks).Meanwhile,the biodiesel productivity was over 60%,suggesting that Chlorella sorokiniana CS-01 has a great potential for CO2 mitigation and biodiesel production.Furthermore,differential expression of three genes related to CO2 fixation and fatty acid synthesis were studied to further describe the effect of simulated flue gases on the growth and lipid accumulation of strain CS-01 at molecular level.

Forecast model of safety economy contribution rate of China

It is the rational and exact computation of the safety economy contribution rate that has the far-reaching realistic meaning to the improvement of society cognition to safety and the investment to the nation safety and the national macro-safety decision-makings. The accurate function between safety inputs and outputs was obtained through a founded econometric model. Then the forecasted safety economy contribution rate is 3.01% and the forecasted ratio between safety inputs and outputs is 1：1.81 in China in 2005. And the model accords with the practice of China and the results are sarisfying.

Relationship Between Social Economic Agglomeration and Labor Productivity of Core Cities in Northeast China

Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin are the four core cities which play an essential role in terms of promoting the economic development in Northeast China. In this paper, the impact of urban agglomeration on labor productivity is explored by making comparisons among these four cities. The model used for analysis is a classical model derived from previous studies. Some indicators, such as population density and economic density, were selected to examine the impact of urban agglomeration on the labor productivity based on the time-series data for the four cities from 1990 to 2007. The four main conclusions are： l） The promotion from the growth rate of population density on the growth rate of labor productivity is limited. 2） The negative relationship exists between the growth rate of employment density and the growth rate of labor productivity. 3） Agglomeration effect exists in the four cities, the highest one is Dalian, Shenyang takes the second place, followed by Changchun and Harbin, and the predominant promotion exerted on the labor productivity is the output density.

Low Ca^2＋ Content and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ Ratio in Leaf Tissues Determine Salinity Tolerance in Spanish Type Groundnut （Arachis hypogeal L.）

The study was performed with seven groundnut varieties/genotypes and F1s derived from crossing in all possible combinations without reciprocal among the mentioned varieties/genotypes. The objective was to assess whether low Ca2＋ content and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratio of leaf tissue or stem tissue determine salinity tolerance in terms of economic yield （kernel yield） in groundnut. It revealed that the varieties, “Binachinabadam-6”, “Binachinabadam-5” and the F1 G2 × G3 were most tolerant based on kernel yield under 8 dS/m and 10 dS/m salinity stresses. These two tolerant varieties and the F1 also showed lower Ca2＋ and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratios in leaf tissue, which indicated lower Ca2＋ and Ca2＋/Na＋ ratio of leaf tissue determined salinity tolerance in terms of kernel yield in Spanish type groundnut. These findings could be applied in future plant breeding applications for screening salt tolerant Spanish type groundnut genotypes.

Prospering Revolution of Resource Efficiency in Northeast Industrial Area in China

Despite its strong advantages in resource, technology and human resource, China's Northeast Industrial Area is also experiencing problems of unreasonable industrial structure, envi- ronmental pollution, and the degradation of ecological condition, etc., which prevent this area from achieving a sustainable devel- opment. Through analyzing the resource problem, the present paper proposed a strategy of circular economy for the prosperity of this are, discussed the theories of circular economy and re- source recycling, and finally concluded that improving resource productivity is at the core of circular economy.

Measuring Real Capital Adequacy in Extreme Economic Conditions： An Examination of the Swiss Banking Sector

The global financial crisis （GFC） has placed the creditworthiness of banks under intense scrutiny. In particular, capital adequacy has been called into question. Current capital requirements make no allowance for capital erosion caused by movements in the market value of assets. This paper examines default probabilities of Swiss banks under extreme conditions using structural modeling techniques. Conditional Value at Risk （CVaR） and Conditional Probability of Default （CPD） techniques are used to measure capital erosion. Significant increase in Probability of Default （PD） is found during the GFC period. The market asset value based approach indicates a much higher PD than external ratings indicate. Capital adequacy recommendations are formulated which distinguish between real and nominal capital based on asset fluctuations.

Variable Impact of Renminbi Appreciation on Chinese Industries＇ Profitability

This paper uses the input-output tables from 2007 to estimate the exchangerate risk exposure of all 42 sectors of the Chinese economy. It then demonstrates a new quantitative approach for examining the differential impacts of Renminbi appreciation on the export of finished goods and the import of intermediate inputs in each sector, and estimates the changes in profitability of each sector under different degrees of Renminbi appreciation. The results indicate that appreciation of the Renminbi will increase the profitability of 22 sectors, which are generally monopolistic, capital-intensive, and reliant on R＆D, and reduce the profitability of 20 sectors, which are generally competitive, labor-intensive, and less reliant on R＆D. This suggests that the degree and pace of Renminbi appreciation must be coordinated with industrial and employment policies in order to reduce exchange-rate risk exposure through trade restructuring, to improve economic structure, to promote competition and employment, and to maintain steady and sustainable economic growth.

Assumptions of Economic Model for Sustainable Productions of Beekeeping in the Bosnia and Hercegovina

Production of bee products using standards of Modern technology requires high specialization and high productivity of labor adequate facilities and equipment, and coordination of natural bee potential with production characteristics of the wider region. Effectively beekeeping today means using several pastures per year with a yield of 50-60 kg per hive. Mobile beekeeping is the only way to achieve high yields of production and it has considerable advantage over stationary one which is less rentable. Mobile beekeeping require higher investments and labor but with good climate and ecological conditions, one can achieve several times higher income than in stationary beekeeping. Some of the success in mobile beekeeping depends of the selection of hives. The hives must be designed to give the bees the best environment for work and development to be most efficient. Data was collected from 57 beekeepers that live in the district. Data analysis was conducted by using standard statistical and economic processes. Criteria for a recommended for the proposed beekeeping model were incomes and profit per hive. For effective beekeeping and production of bee products, especially honey, beekeeper must have adequate equipment and a good bee hives. Beekeeper must have transportation and additional equipment because their movement depends season on the season and distance to pasture.