The Study on Industrial Structure Adjustment of Farmer Economic Net Income Doubled in Mountain Area

The aim was to study the main industry effect the double of the per capi- ta net income of farmers economic. The relation between six industry net income per capita income of farmers including grain, animal husbandry, flue-cured tobacco, walnut, long-term labor expot, seasonal labor export and the net income of farmers per capita in the Wazitian Village of Baoshan, Yunnan was studied by means of the effect main industry doubled net income of farmers per capita economic and the grey correlation analysis. The correlation degree of six industry and the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export〉seasonal labor export〉 walnut〉grain〉animal husbandry〉flue-cured tobacco. The pillar industry affecting the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export, seasonal la- bor export and walnut. The study provided the scionce theoretical basis and method of support for net income per capita economic multiplier of farmers in Baoshan, Yunnan province and even a similar low latitude mountain plateau.

Optimal configuration of firewall, IDS and vulnerability scan by game theory

The integrated linkage control problem based on attack detection is solved with the analyses of the security model including firewall, intrusion detection system （IDS） and vulnerability scan by game theory. The Nash equilibrium for two portfolios of only deploying IDS and vulnerability scan and deploying all the technologies is investigated by backward induction. The results show that when the detection rates of IDS and vulnerability scan are low, the firm will not only inspect every user who raises an alarm, but also a fraction of users that do not raise an alarm; when the detection rates of IDS and vulnerability scan are sufficiently high, the firm will not inspect any user who does not raise an alarm, but only inspect a fraction of users that raise an alarm. Adding firewall into the information system impacts on the benefits of firms and hackers, but does not change the optimal strategies of hackers, and the optimal investigation strategies of IDS are only changed in certain cases. Moreover, the interactions between IDS ＆ vulnerability scan and firewall ＆ IDS are discussed in detail.

Behavioral modeling of RF power amplifiers with time-delay feed-forward neural networks

A novel behavioral model using three-layer time-delay feed-forward neural networks （TDFFNN）is adopted to model radio frequency （RF）power amplifiers exhibiting memory nonlinearities. In order to extract the parameters, the back- propagation algorithm is applied to train the proposed neural networks. The proposed model is verified by the typical odd- order-only memory polynomial model in simulation, and the performance is compared with different numbers of taped delay lines（TDLs） and perceptrons of the hidden layer. For validating the TDFFNN model by experiments, a digital test bench is set up to collect input and output data of power amplifiers at a 60 × 10^6 sample/s sampling rate. The 3.75 MHz 16-QAM signal generated in the vector signal generator（VSG） is chosen as the input signal, when measuring the dynamic AM/AM and AM/PM characteristics of power amplifiers. By comparisons and analyses, the presented model provides a good performance in convergence, accuracy and efficiency, which is approved by simulation results and experimental results in the time domain and frequency domain.

Towards the Integrating Wind Power into Power Grid in China

With abundant wind resources and high pressure imposed on en-vironmental protection, wind power development has a promising future. Butdue to intermittent nature, wind power can bring into full play only if being con-nected into power grid to ensure its supply reliability and continuity, aswell as operational economy. However, technical and market barriers haveprevented wind power from integrating into power grid. To foster wind powerdevelopment, these barriers should be removed by both government incentivepolicies and sophisticated technologies.

Rural-urban Migration,Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China

The objective of this paper is to investigate the rela- tionships among rural-urban migration,rural household income and sustainable development in rural areas of China.The typical case study is done and 288 questionnaires are collected from five villages in Hebei and Guangxi provinces,China.The migration and remittance status,household income and sustainable devel- opment of rural areas are analyzed on the basis of questionnaires. Rural-urban migration is becoming a part of routine life in rural areas.And remittance is an important component in rural house- hold income.Rural-urban migration increases the arable land area per labor,which releases the tight human-land relationship in villages.In total,the migration increases the rural household in- come and accelerates the sustainable development of rural areas.

Close-formed bound on generalized distributed antenna system capacity

The composite channel models of the generalized distributed antenna system （GDAS） such as Rayleigh-lognormal fading are studied. Then comparisons are performed between the GDAS and the traditional multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） system to analyze the ergodic capacity of the GDAS and make conclusions that it is impossible to achieve an analytical expression for the ergodic capacity of the GDAS. Moreover, in order to evaluate the performance of the ergodic capacity of the GDAS conveniently, the analytical lower bound and upper bound of the ergodic capacity of the GDAS are derived by using the results from multivariate statistics and matrix inequalities, under the scenarios of Rayleigh-lognormal fading and equal power allocation scheme at transmitter. Finally, the analytical bounds are verified by comparisons with the numerical results.

Four Decades of China's Income Distribution Reform

Income gaps in China kept widening over the past four decades of economic transition. First, this paper describes the change in income gaps before and after reform and opening-up in 1978 and found that income gaps had been expanding between urban and rural areas, within cities and within the countryside. However, this did not lead to income polarization since low-income groups only had a slower income growth compared with highincome groups. The number of poor people continuously reduced thanks to rapid economic growth. Over the past decade, the widening of income gaps has been initially curbed. Accordingly, we explained the impact of economic transition on income distribution from the perspectives of market-based distribution, ownership structure, opening-up and internal income distribution. Lastly, this paper provides an in-depth analysis on urban-rural income gaps, excessive compensation in monopolistic sectors and income inequalities arising from corruption. To address these problems, it is important to enhance tax regulation, increase transfer payments to poor people, improve social security, equalize public services, enhance poverty relief and develop a fairer income distribution system.

Experience of Cervical Plexus Reinnervation for Patients with Unilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Invasion or Injury

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical and therapeutic effects of cervical plexus reinnervation for infiltrated or injured unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve （URLN）. METHODS Functional neck dissection for removal of differentiated thyroid carcinoma （DTC） in patients was performed, in which cervical plexus reinnervation was adopted for patients with stage I disease and URLN with injury or with tumor invasion. Outcomes of surgery were evaluated by examination under fibrolaryngoscope, and the patients＇ voices were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS All cases were followed up for 3 mon-2 years （average 8 mon）. Abductory motion of the vocal cords of 15 patients was completely or partly restored, but 3 patients＇ vocal cords were immovable. The recovery rate of abductory motion of the paralyzed vocal cords was 83.33% （15/18）. The function of phonation in the 16 patients was restored to normal or near normal limits, and their hoarseness was improved significantly. CONCLUSION Cervical plexus-URLN reinnervation should be considered when treating patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Removing the tumor simultaneously with cervical plexus reinnervation during surgery for repair of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was convenient and easy to perform with less functional damage compared with other methods of reinnervation. The abductory motion of vocal cord could be satisfactorily restored by this reinnervation. Surgical performance skills and application of neurotrophic drugs were important for the success of the surgery.

Analysis on the Status of Farmers, Agriculture and Countryside, and Development Strategies and Measures in Tibet Autonomous Region

Coordinated and sustainable development of farmers, agriculture and countryside (FAC) is key to realize the national objective of comprehensively developed well-off society. Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, outstanding achievements have been made in FAC work. However, compared with East and Middle China, there still exists a big gap. The farmers’ net income per capita in 2001 was 1,404 yuan, 962 yuan lower than the nation’s average. In late 90’s the farmers’ income growth slowed down. Agricultural industrialization is at low level, technologies play a small role in agricultural development, rural infrastructure is weak, the rural grass root organization is much underdeveloped, and construction of towns is behind the other regions of China. Based on the problems of FAC development there, this paper proposes FAC development strategies and measures for accelerating rural development in Tibet.

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel subtypes differentially modulate the excitability of murine small intestinal afferents

AIM： To assess the role of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation （HCN） channels in regu- lating the excitability of vagal and spinal gut afferents. METHODS： The mechanosensory response of mesen- teric afferent activity was measured in an ex vivo murine jejunum preparation. HCN channel activity was recorded through voltage and current clamp in acutely dissoci- ated dorsal root ganglia （DRG） and nodose ganglia （NG） neurons retrogradely labeled from the small intestine through injection of a fluorescent marker （DiI）. The isoforms of HCN channels expressed in DRG and NG neurons were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Ramp distension of the small intestine evok- ed biphasic increases in the afferent nerve activity, re- flecting the activation of low- and high-threshold fibers.HCN blocker CsCl （5 mmol/L） preferentially inhibited the responses of low-threshold fibers to distension and showed no significant effects on the high-threshold re- sponses. The effect of CsCI was mimicked by the more selective HCN blocker ZD7288 （10 ~mol/L）. In 71.4% of DiI labeled DRG neurons （/7 = 20） and 90.9% of DiI labeled NG neurons （n = 10）, an inward current （Ih current） was evoked by hyperpolarization pulses which was fully eliminated by extracellular CsCI. In neurons expressing Ih current, a typical ＂sag＂ was observed upon injection of hyperpolarizing current pulses in cur- rent-clamp recordings. CsCI abolished the sag entirely. In some DiI labeled DRG neurons, the Ih current was potentiated by 8-Br-cAMP, which had no effect on the Ih current of DiI labeled NG neurons. Immunohistochem- istry revealed differential expression of HCN isoforms in vagal and spinal afferents, and HCN2 and HCN3 seemed to be the dominant isoform in DRG and NG, respec- tively.CONCLUSION： HCNs differentially regulate the excit- ability of vagal and spinal afferent of murine small in- testine.

《重订司马温公等韵图经》“入派四声”问题再议

本文主要考察中古入声字在近代徐孝《重订司马温公等韵图经》中的演变情况,为"入派四声"提供较为准确可靠的说明,以及这些字的声调与现代汉语普通话之间的关系。

Dimensionality Reduction with Input Training Neural Network and Its Application in Chemical Process Modelling

Many applications of principal component analysis (PCA) can be found in dimensionality reduction. But linear PCA method is not well suitable for nonlinear chemical processes. A new PCA method based on im-proved input training neural network (IT-NN) is proposed for the nonlinear system modelling in this paper. Mo-mentum factor and adaptive learning rate are introduced into learning algorithm to improve the training speed of IT-NN. Contrasting to the auto-associative neural network (ANN), IT-NN has less hidden layers and higher training speed. The effectiveness is illustrated through a comparison of IT-NN with linear PCA and ANN with experiments. Moreover, the IT-NN is combined with RBF neural network (RBF-NN) to model the yields of ethylene and propyl-ene in the naphtha pyrolysis system. From the illustrative example and practical application, IT-NN combined with RBF-NN is an effective method of nonlinear chemical process modelling.

The research on the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar economic corridor： opportunity and challenge

This paper discusses the opportunity and challenge faced by the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar economic corridor. The opportunities include the complementary of economic structure and natural resources pattern, as well as the geographic linkage. The challenges include the funding shortage, the lack of political trust, the divergence on the investment priority, and the vulnerable ethnic situation. Finally, this paper looks into the future and expresses the optimistic view on the economic corridor.

HYPONATREMIA AFTER TRANSSPHENIODAL SURGERY OF PITUITARY ADENOMA

Objective. To clarify the frequency, presentation, associated factors, treatment and outcome of hy-ponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary adenomas.Methods. Retrospectively reviewed the database of 183 patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgeryof pituitary adenomas between January 1999 and June 2000 in our department.Result.s. 38.8% (71/183) had postoperative hyponatremia. Among them, 59.2% (42/71) appeared onthe 4th to 7th day postoperatively. 59.2% (42/71) presented with nausea, vomiting, headache, dizzi-ness, confusion and weakness. Hyponatremia was related to age, tumor size and adenoma type, but notrelated to sex and degree of resection. Treatment consisted of salt replacement and mild fluid restrictionin 4 patients and salt and fluid replacement in 67 patients. Hyponatremia resolved within 16 days in allthe patients.Conclusions. Hyponatremia often appeared about 7 days after transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary ade-nomas, especially in elderly and patients with macroadenomas and huge pituitary adenomas. The principleof treatment was salt and fluid replacement.

Economic growth and unemployment in East Asia

Barro and Sala-i-Martin （2004） analyzed the empirical determinants of growth. The data used in this paper consists of panel data of several macroeconomic variables observed for 55 years 0950-2004） in six East Asian countries and regions. Following the implications of semi-endogenous growth theory, the author regressed output growth on the determinants of steady-state income. The estimation and test results suggest the existence of significant relationship between steady-state income and （trend weighted） R ＆ D input both in Japan and South Korea. In addition, following Cellini （1995）, the author also considers cointegration and error-correction methods as the growth regression of East Asian countries. Meanwhile, Chang, et al （2004） derived the conclusion that the decreases in reallocation shocks are main factor in a downward trend in natural rate of unemployment for South Korea. The author extends this analysis using structural VAR to other Asian countries and regions, Japan and Taiwan region. Impulse responses show that the growth of production in Korea and Taiwan reduce unemployment, but, in Japan, this raises unemployment.

Regional Disparity and Convergence of China's Inbound Tourism Economy

Comprehending regional characteristics and influencing factors of China＇s inbound tourism economy is im- portant to make effective policies that will help inbound tourism develop harmoniously and shrink regional disparity. This paper studied the regional disparity and convergence of China＇s inbound tourism economy during 1996-2008 with the methods of a-convergence, club convergence and r-convergence. The results indicate that 1） inbound tourism receipts per capita （ITRPC） of the whole country, the eastern, central and western regions presented the rapid increasing trend; 2） ITRPC of the whole country was characterized by convergence; 3） the eastern region presented club con- vergence, but the central and western regions did not show this trend; 4） the star-hotel levels and investment in fixed assets for the tourism industry per capita had a same trend to growth rates of ITRPC, promoting inbound tourism de- velopment, and there was no difference among the 31 provinces （municipalities） in the mainland of China; 5） but the proportion of employed persons in the tourism industry accounting for total population and the proportion of the terti- ary industry accounting for GDP had a reversal trend to growth rates of ITRPC, shrinking the provincial disparity in inbound tourism economy, and there were differences between the developed provinces and the developing provinces. Based on these analyses, we put forward some suggestions for the developing provinces to speed up inbound tourism economy.

‘Middle-Income Trap’ and ‘High-Income Waft＇： Challenges and Opportunities to China

The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.

Economic impacts of the Natural Forest Protection Program in Yunnan Province, China:an input-output analysis

The paper assesses the economic impacts of the natural forest protection program （NFPP） on the economy of Yunnan Province, China.in terms of gross output, value added,employment, and household income. An inputoutput model is developed to estimate NFPP＇s economic impacts by means of backward linkages in the forestry sector and logging and haudage sector. It is found than the NFPP has positive impacts on gross output, value added and houschold income in the initial year, but has significantly negative impacts on the regional economy in the following years as the investment decreases.

A NOVEL INTRUSION DETECTION MODE BASED ON UNDERSTANDABLE NEURAL NETWORK TREES

Several data mining techniques such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM), artificial neural network, statistical techniques and expert systems are used to model network packets in the field of intrusion detection. In this paper a novel intrusion detection mode based on understandable Neural Network Tree (NNTree) is pre-sented. NNTree is a modular neural network with the overall structure being a Decision Tree (DT), and each non-terminal node being an Expert Neural Network (ENN). One crucial advantage of using NNTrees is that they keep the non-symbolic model ENN’s capability of learning in changing environments. Another potential advantage of using NNTrees is that they are actually “gray boxes” as they can be interpreted easily if the num-ber of inputs for each ENN is limited. We showed through experiments that the trained NNTree achieved a simple ENN at each non-terminal node as well as a satisfying recognition rate of the network packets dataset. We also compared the performance with that of a three-layer backpropagation neural network. Experimental results indicated that the NNTree based intrusion detection model achieved better performance than the neural network based intrusion detection model.

Toward the Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management——Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing Enterprises Listed in Shanghai Stock Market

Nowadays, earnings management is a hot issue, but most of the researches focus on the incentives of earnings management and few of them refer to the effect of audit quality on earnings management. In this study, we directly examine the effect of external audit quality on earnings management by using discretionary accruals. We find that the discretionary accruals of non-dual audit companies are significantly greater than those of dual audit companies. We also find that clients of non-First Ten auditors intend to report greater discretionary accruals than those of First Ten auditors.