在经济探索与哲学思考的互动中经国济民——纪念毛泽东诞辰110周年

毛泽东在建国后,既用哲学思想指导经济探索,又从领导经济建设的实践中提炼出哲理 性思想,在二者互动中,追求着强国富民的理想。他的哲人情操,尤其值得珍惜、传承。

Rural-urban Migration,Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China

The objective of this paper is to investigate the rela- tionships among rural-urban migration,rural household income and sustainable development in rural areas of China.The typical case study is done and 288 questionnaires are collected from five villages in Hebei and Guangxi provinces,China.The migration and remittance status,household income and sustainable devel- opment of rural areas are analyzed on the basis of questionnaires. Rural-urban migration is becoming a part of routine life in rural areas.And remittance is an important component in rural house- hold income.Rural-urban migration increases the arable land area per labor,which releases the tight human-land relationship in villages.In total,the migration increases the rural household in- come and accelerates the sustainable development of rural areas.

Optimal Investment Control of Macroeconomic Systems

Economic growth is always accompanied by economic fluctuation. The target of macroeconomic control is to keep a basic balance of economic growth, accelerate the optimization of economic structures and to lead a rapid, sustainable and healthy development of national economies, in order to propel society forward. In order to realize the above goal, investment control must be regarded as the most important policy for economic stability. Readjustment and control of investment includes not only control of aggregate investment, but also structural control which depends on economic-technology relationships between various industries of a national economy. On the basis of the theory of a generalized system, an optimal investment control model for government has been developed. In order to provide a scientific basis for government to formulate a macroeconomic control policy, the model investigates the balance of total supply and aggregate demand through an adjustment in investment decisions realizes a sustainable and stable growth of the national economy. The optimal investment decision function proposed by this study has a unique and specific expression, high regulating precision and computable characteristics.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOODING AND DROUGHT CALAMITY DURING PAST 1500 YEARSIN THE HAI'AN REGION, JIANGSU PROVINCE

Collection and arrangement of the historical records of climatic changes andenvironment evolution, especially in the aspect of calamities, are made on the history documents ofpast 1500 years about Hai'an region, Jiangsu Province. There existed two obvious flooding-droughtfrequently-occurring periods: one was from 1550 AD to 1850 AD and another was 1000 AD to 1200 AD.The period of 1550 AD to 1850 AD is interrupted by two relatively arid and cold climatic periods:one was from 1630 AD to 1700 AD and another was 1750 AD to 1820 AD. The main characteristic of thecalamity periods is that they occurred by turns, and sometimes, both drought and flooding occurredin the same year. The instability of the climatic changes in the Little Ice Age may be the mainreason of the frequently-occurring flooding and drought in Hai'an region. Research results also showthat the frequently-occurring periods of flooding and drought is in close relationship with thesolar activity, and therefore, occurrence of the flooding and drought may be in relation with theintensity of the solar activity. This hypothesis may need further study in the future.

Positive Research on China’s Economic Growth Quality——Analyze the Fluctuating Situation of the Factor Input and Aggregative Productivity

To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic growth quality.As to economic growth ofa country,the improvementofthe productivity is extremely important.The growth of the output can be realized through two kinds of ways: increasing the quantity of factor input of or improving the efficiency of the input and output.There fore, the level of economic growth quality does not mainly depend on the amount of invested factor,but the importance of improving the productivity since resources are rare. The relative improvement of efficiency in use of the invested factor marks the economic growing quality.So,in order to understand the economic growth quality of China to some extent, it must analyze Chinese factor input and aggregative productivity. This is the main topic that this text will be probed into.

System integration and innovation of operating 20 kt combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line

Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December, 1992, totaling 653 km with the designed annual traffic volume of 1×108 t. In order to meet the demands of national economic development, the transport capacity of the line must be enhanced greatly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR, for the first time in the world,realizes the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4 locomotive. Meanwhile, CR develops equipment portfolio for heavy-haul through combining 2 high power locomotives of HXD series (means harmony) with controllable EOT. Relying on integration and innovation, it succeeds in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line, which tripled the annual traffic volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.

A Quantification of the Effects of Erosion on the Productivity of Purple Soils

Research on the effects of soil erosion on soil productivity has attracted increasing attention.Purple soil is one of the main soil types in China and plays an important role in the national economy.However,the relationship between erosion and the productivity of purple soils has not been well studied.The purpose of this research was to determine if soil depth,which is dependent on the rate of erosion,has an influence on crop yield and growth.Plot and pot experiments at different soil depths were performed.Results indicate that soils from different parental materials had different growth features and crop yields due to the differential fertility of the derived soils.The yield reduction rate increases exponentially with the depth of eroded soil(level of erosion).The yield reduction rate per unit eroded soil horizon(10 cm) is approximately 10.5% for maize and wheat.

Corporate Governance Mechanisms： Evidence From Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises （SMEs）

This paper aims to investigate the extent to which Malaysian small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） adopted corporate governance （CG） principles and their effects on firm performance. The principles examined included： establishing clear roles and responsibilities; strengthening composition; and reinforcing independence. The paper is based on a questionnaire survey study among 113 SMEs that consisted of 35% （39） of manufacturing and related services and 65% （74） from services including information and communication technology （ICT）, primary agriculture, construction, mining, and quarrying. The analysis of the data indicates that 32% of the respondents said that the primary reason why they have their own business is to have control over their own working life. This fmding appears to confirm the f＇mancing theory that SMEs owners have other goals than profitability. In addition, 30% of SMEs perceived that the most important role played by the board is risk management; hence, these boards have a greater control over financial risks that may lead to better financial performance. The analysis also shows that 81% of the respondents＇ board consisted of internal board members only. These enterprises need to see the important role of external board members as a source of advice providers and experts to them. For policies relating to clear roles and responsibilities of board, only 28% of the respondents established clear functions reserved for the board and those delegated to management; substantial respondents did not draw up policies relating to reinforce board independency （between 75% and 79%） and to strengthen board composition （46%）. Besides, 68% of the respondents have the position of chairman and CEO held by same individuals and 81% of the chairman is an executive member of the board. These findings suggest that SMEs cannot see the importance of strengthening board and having independent board members. Regression analysis also indicates that board independence has a significant and positive impact on firm performance. Hence, SMEs need to appreciate networking advantages, competency, and strategic knowledge that the right board can offer. The governmental ministries and agencies in Malaysia need to take active measures to encourage SMEs to strengthen their board governance, because SMEs are the important economic powers for stimulating national economic growth. This paper contributes to the empirical literatures on the adoption of CG principles and their effects on SMEs＇ firm performance in emerging markets.

Impact of Climate Change on Urban Agglomerations in China’s Coastal Region

Climate change and urbanization issues are the two key factors that make humans liable to be affected by disasters, which are overlapped in urban agglomeration. The five big urban agglomerations of China with strong economic power are the important engines for national economic and social development. However, being in the sea-land mutual interaction belts with a vast hazard-bearing body, they are affected by sea-land compound disasters, and are liable to suffer heavy disaster losses with climate change. It is suggested that government departments concerned should fully recognize the impact of climate change on coastal urban agglomerations, propose strategies as soon as possible, and integrate the impact of climate change and adaptation countermeasures into the various kinds of social-economic development plans for coastal urban regions.

Effects of Contractual Savings Scheme on Slovak National Economy

Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.

Real Interest Rates,Real Wages and Economic Restructuring—Analysis Based on Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium(DSGE)

On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.

On the Financial Management Strategy under the Background of Corporate Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is the basis of survival. The SMEs as an important part of our national economy, plays the role of increasing national income, expanding employment, stabilizing social situation. Under the new situation, it needs to change the status quo of financial management, financial management to achieve sustainable development of SMEs. This paper is combined with the financial management of the significance of sustainable development as well as financial management problems in the SME financial management strategy.

RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC FOG IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

There is an urgent need for the development of a method that can undertake rapid, effective, and accurate monitoring and identification of fog by satellite remote sensing, since heavy fog can cause enormous disasters to China’s national economy and people's lives and property in the urban and coastal areas. In this paper, the correlative relationship between the reflectivity of land surface and clouds in different time phases is found, based on the analysis of the radiative and satellite-based spectral characteristics of fog. Through calculation and analyses of the relative variability of the reflectivity in the images, the threshold to identify quasi-fog areas is generated automatically. Furthermore, using the technique of quick image run-length encoding, and in combination with such practical methods as analyzing texture and shape fractures, smoothness, and template characteristics, the automatic identification of fog and fog-cloud separation using meteorological satellite remote sensing images are studied, with good results in application.

Countermeasures to promote the international development of Shanghai private enterprises

after 30 years of development, private enterprise has become an important pillar of our national economy.With the accelerated process of economic globalization, the private enterprises will face more intense competition in the domestic market. At the same time in order to obtain various resources, access to the vast market and foreign advanced technology, many private enterprises active or passive choice of ＂going out＂, through the international road to break the bottleneck of development.

Brief discussion on the financial cost management in China＇s private enterprises

With the current development and progress of the socialist marketing economy, the number of the private enterprises in our country increases constantly, and the development scale has been expanded constantly, which has become an important component for China＇s national economy, and making a huge contribution to promote the increase of China＇s national economy. In order to occupy a development location among the fierce market competition and expand the market share, the private enterprises in our country make many efforts constantly, such as strengthening and promotion of the internal management concept and the management mode, etc., which really obtains an obvious achievement and progress, however, due to the restriction of the various reasons, there are still many realistic problems existing in the financial cost management for the private enterprises, which restricts the sustainable, modern and scientific development step greatly, for the method on improving the financial cost management level in China＇s private enterprises and the guarantee of the pertinence and the efficiency for the financial cost management measures to be implemented in the private enterprises, it becomes the key problems which needs to be solved by the private enterprises currently.

Influence of traditional values for migrant workers to participate in endowment insurance

Since the reform and opening up, labor force from countryside turn to cities with the developing of market economy, migrant workers have become a new class in our social stratum which has made a great contribution for the Chinese construction and the national economy. The related interests about endowment insurance to migrant workers have a great significance on their old life. The latest information released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that the proportion of migrant workers to participate in endowment insurance is only 15.7%. The actively of migrant workers attend pension insurance is not very high. The article through learning the literature, a method combining empirical research and the interview, find that the traditional values are still an important aspect to bound migrant workers to attend endowment insurance. Especially their traditional concepts of ＂raise children to provide against old age＂ are still very strong.

Impact of Regional Economy on Internal Migration in Yangtze Delta:Based on Panel Data

Metropolitan Shanghai, in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), plays undoubtedly the leading role in the economic development in China, and becomes one of the most important population con- gregation areas. It is also widely regarded as the sixth uprising urban agglomeration in the world. Based on the quantitative stud- ies on basic socioeconomic and demographic profile on the num- ber and transition of population, this paper concluded that the migration is the key factor for population dynamics in YRD. Then, what are the regional economic factors affecting the migration of different cities in YRD? The panel data show that the different wage level is the most important factor that affects the immigra- tion in YRD. Moreover, the ratio of industry sector and service sector has an impact on attracting immigration. However, per-capital GDP and the share of foreign direct investment (FDI) to GDP have dual-side impact: not high per-capital GDP and FDI bring the high immigration.

Theory and Professionals： Impact of HRM on Economy

Research topic of this paper includes importance of theoretical knowledge on performance of firms＇ professionals. Research question is how theory affects the performance. Answer might become thorough competence of professionals and task performance. With this sense, two case studis are obtained from Drucker＇s works （2009; 2015）. Therefore, research method covers case study approaches. Furthermore, firms produce national GDP in an economy. There are several functions in firm management, and managers operate those functions. They are logistics, supply, stock, finance, accounting, marketing, production, etc. All have managers such as accounting manager, finance manager, marketing manager, etc. Performance of managers is crucial to fLrm performance. Because performance of managers might become one determinator of firm performance. Therefore, HRM may have an impact on GDP through managers. Because productions and sales of firms affect GDPs on an economy. Moreover, professionals or managers must have theoretical knowledge in their field. Because theoretical knowledge increases their performance at work. In conclusion, study reveals that managers may have impact on firm performance; and theory may increase task performance of employees.

Will the Service Sector Promote China’s Long-Term Employment Growth?

The coexistence of the slowing-down economy and the buoyant employment market has been the pattern in China in recent years, and the service sector has played an important role in this regard. This paper uses empirical analysis to prove that the service sector has a long-term mechanism to promote employment growth： first, the verification of the Baumol-Fuchs hypothesis shows that the income elasticity of demand for services in China is greater than 1. As the current development of the services is lagging behind, this sector has great development potential. Second, the revised employment equation shows that the employment elasticity of the service sector is much higher than that of the industrial sector, and its employment adhesiveness is stronger as well. The employment of the service sector can not only create more jobs for the national economy, but also help stabilize the job market. The employment pressure in China is mainly caused by migrant workers and college graduates. To solve the employment problems of these two groups, China has to promote the development of traditional services and speed up the upgrading of emerging services at the same time, and should neglect neither. This paper provides recommendations accordingly.

Variable Impact of Renminbi Appreciation on Chinese Industries＇ Profitability

This paper uses the input-output tables from 2007 to estimate the exchangerate risk exposure of all 42 sectors of the Chinese economy. It then demonstrates a new quantitative approach for examining the differential impacts of Renminbi appreciation on the export of finished goods and the import of intermediate inputs in each sector, and estimates the changes in profitability of each sector under different degrees of Renminbi appreciation. The results indicate that appreciation of the Renminbi will increase the profitability of 22 sectors, which are generally monopolistic, capital-intensive, and reliant on R＆D, and reduce the profitability of 20 sectors, which are generally competitive, labor-intensive, and less reliant on R＆D. This suggests that the degree and pace of Renminbi appreciation must be coordinated with industrial and employment policies in order to reduce exchange-rate risk exposure through trade restructuring, to improve economic structure, to promote competition and employment, and to maintain steady and sustainable economic growth.