从《伤寒论》研究“经学化”再视清代医学的寒温之争

在清代仲景圣化的背景下,医家们尊奉《伤寒论》为经典,使得《伤寒论》研究呈现经学化特点,即对仲景原文的注释和回归。这一研究特点也引发了伤寒与温病知识的革新,形成清代医学寒温争鸣的现象。一方面,《伤寒论》虽以论治冬季伤寒为主,但其中的六经辨证可被作为多种外感疾病,乃至所有疾病的治疗体系,包括温病在内;另一方面,温病知识脱离《伤寒论》文本,从而建构出区分于六经辨证、指导温病治疗的独立学说,并且通过突破季节、地域的限制和定义温病概念来拓展其应用范围。寒温争鸣的过程促进了外感病学术理论的进步,而其医学知识的生产、变革则与社会文化密切相关。

The Impact of Handicrafts on the Promotion of Cultural and Economic Development for Students of Art Education in Higher Education

This paper studies the impact of handicrafts on the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education through handicrafts based on local customs and traditions. Descriptive, analytical, and experimental methods are used in this research. The results of the study are expected to benefit from the results of this study to provide planners handicrafts in the Ministry of Education. An effective strategy can affect the teaching and learning of handicrafts, the protection of its features and its presence and identity. The study sample consists of 45 students of the third level, batch 2012-2013, from the faculty of Education at the University of Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. The researchers to prepare topics for handicrafts depend on the use of local materials and units which are derived from the environment and represent the Artistic heritage that is shown through handicrafts （pottery, ceramics, calligraphy, decoration, carpet weaving and textile, sewing, embroidery, sculpture and engraving on wood, metal works, and printing works）. The researchers focuse that the students learn the value of handicrafts in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product. The results confLrms the existence of a difference in the quality and value of handicrafts for students in both groups： the experimental and control group, which confirms that the handcrafts lead to the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education. The researchers are recommended to consider of this topic as a main component which enables an area for further studies to develop different strategies in the field of handicrafts, for students to recognize the importance of the handicrafts value in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product.

Molecular cloning and transcriptional analysis of a NPY receptor-like in common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica

Neuropeptide Y(NPY) has a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes. In this study, the gene encoding a NPY receptor-like from the common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica( SjNPYR-like) was identified and characterized. The full-length SjNPYR-like cDNA was cloned containing a 492-bp of 5′ untranslated region(UTR), 1 182 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding a protein of 393 amino acid residues, and 228 bp of 3′ UTR. The putative protein was predicted to have a molecular weight of 45.54 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI) of 8.13. By informatic analyses, SjNPYR-like was identified as belonging to the class A G protein coupled receptor(GPCR) family(the rhodopsin-type). The amino acid sequence contained 12 potential phosphorylation sites and five predicted N-linked glycosylation sites. Multiple sequence alignment and 3D structure modeling were conducted to clarify SjNPYR bioinformatics characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis identifies it as an NPYR with identity of 33% to Lymnaea stagnalis NPFR. Transmembrane properties of SjNPYR-like were demonstrated in vitro using HEK293 cells and the p EGFP-N1 plasmid. Relative quantifi cation of SjNPYR-like mRNA level confi rmed a high level expression and broad distribution of SjNPYR-like in various tissues of female S. japonica. In addition, the transcriptional profile of SjNPYR-like in the brain, liver, and ovary during gonadal development was analyzed. The results provide basic understanding on the molecular characteristics of SjNPYR-like and its potentially physical functions.