王肃《诗经》学考论

王肃是魏晋时期最重要的经学家,他遍注群经,当时影响巨大,由其引发的"郑王之争",形成《诗》学史上一次学术大讨论。王肃并非毫无原则地驳郑,他主要驳斥郑玄释毛"义所未安"的部分。他不好郑玄,既与其政治目的及时代精神有关,也与其师承"荆州学派"有关。王隶反郑是三家诗衰亡、毛诗兴起之后,今古文进一步融合,古文学派内部自我调整的必然产物。王肃《诗》学以《毛诗》为研究对象,其内容涵盖了诗义、训诂、音韵、地理、名物等《诗经》学研究的诸方面。其诗义研究重"理",将情理、事理、义理贯穿于解《诗》之中;文本阐释更细密,逻辑性更强;语言表达注重语词、句式的对仗,简洁明确,有较高的文学价值。

Migratory properties of cultured olfactory ensheathing cells by single-cell migration assay

Olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） are a unique type of glial cells that have axonal growth-promoting properties. OEC transplantation has emerged as a promising experimental therapy of axonal injuries and demyelinating diseases. However, some fundamental cellular properties of OECs remain unclear. In this study, we found that the distinct OEC subpopulations exhibited different migratory properties based on time-lapse imaging of single isolated cells, possibly due to their different cytoskeletal organizations. Moreover, OEC subpopulations displayed different attractive migratory responses to a gradient of lysophosphatidic acid （LPA） in single-cell migration assays. Finally, we found that OEC subpopulations transformed into each other spontaneously. Together, these results demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that distinct OEC subpopulations display different migratory properties in vitro and provide new evidence to support the notion of OECs as a single cell type with malleable functional phenotypes.

Dissociation, culture and morphologic changes of interstitial cells of Cajal in vitro

AIM: To study the method of dissociation, culture and investigate its morphologic changes in vitro of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC).METHODS: Enzymatic digestion and Ficoll density centrifugation were used to dissociate ICC from the ileal segment of mice. Factors including contamination, Ca2+, Mg2+ and collagenase, and stem cell factor, etc., were investigated.ACK2, the antibody of c-kit, was used to identify the cultured ICC. Both light microscope and fluorescence microscope were used to observe the changes of ICC in vitro.RESULTS: The method for dissociation and culture of ICC in vitro was successfully established. After 24 h, cultured ICC exhibited a few axis-cylinders, and longer axis-cylinders were observed to form synapse of each other after 3 d. More widespread connections formed within 7 d in vitro. The changes of its morphologic character were obvious within 7 d; however, there were no obvious morphologic changes after 30 d.CONCLUSION: Many factors can influence the dissociation and culture of ICC.

Image mathematical morphology and image restoration application in detecting underground bin level

By using image recognition technology, the underground bin level can be detdcted. The bin image is noised by vibration, atomy, backgroun and so on. The image restoration and image mathematical morphology were used based on neural network. A modified Hopfield network was presented for image restoration. The greed algorithm with n-simultaneous updates and apartially asynchronous algorithm were combined, im- proving convergence and avoiding synchronization penalties. Mathematical morphology was widely applicated in digital image processing. The basic idea of mathematical mor- phology is to use construction element measure image morphology for solving under- stand problem. Presented advanced Cellular neural network that forms MMCNN equa- tion to be suit for mathematical morphology filter. It gave the theory of MMCNN dynamic extent and stable state. It was evidenced that arrived mathematical morphology filter through steady of dynamic precess in definite condition. The results of implementation were applied in detecting undergroug bin level.

The Dilemma Between the Heterodox-the Orthodox Economics and Its Ideology

Economic movements have close relation with historical transformations. Historical and social transformations have seriously determined economic views, so, economic movements have been the indicators of economic wars of social classes. But no concept can describe sharp contrast in economics better than the two opponent concepts in economics： ＂orthodox＂ and ＂heterodox＂ economics. In this article, the reason why neo-classic economics, also called as orthodox economics, has a serious place in economic literature while the opponent＇s economic movements, named heterodox economics, do not defend only one ＂truth＂ and are not as important as orthodox economics will be examined. While doing this examination, Louis Althusser＇s ＂ideology＂ and Antonio Gramsci＇s ＂hegemony＂ will help us as these two concepts are quite instructive in understanding the irreplaceable significance of orthodox economics. As a result, by discussing alternative point of views about economics, positive emphasis of multivocality in economics literature will be revealed. On the other hand, every heterodox economics cannot criticize orthodox economics in the same way. In this study, institutional economics, which is accepted to be part of heterodox economics, will be discussed thoroughly. Institutional economics had a serious attitude against orthodox economics. In this study, generally the points in orthodox economics that institutional economics opposes will be emphasized, and although both economics approaches＇ ideological attitude will be attempted to be discussed generally, it will become easy to discuss the reason why heterodox economics developed an opposing ideology against the ideology of orthodox economics.

Trends of the Transformation of Urban Form in Arab Cities with Specific Reference to AI-Khobar

The paper analyzes the current trends of urban transformation and delineates an underlying rationale which enables the comprehension of the current character of Arab city with particular reference to Al-Khobar. The city form is subjected to a re-reading arguments of which are based on critical interpretation of the mechaitisms of urban morphology in relation not only to the impacts of global economy and building boom but also to the means of perception of urban space by different strata of the urban realm. Thus, urban morphology of the city is studied as a medium which manifests a dissociation, and thus duality, between social structure and its physical container. The paper further argues that uncritical import of urban and architectural typologies seem to create a peculiar type of urban-architectural forgery that is usually reduced to skin-deep facade mimicry. Particularly, solo performances of shiny high-rise buildings and sharp contrasts of street fronts between main arteries and back streets depict impressions of fragmentation and segregation. The emerging urban-scape that can be associated with the cultural and economic leap in Arab regions today is critically evaluated. Thus, the paper proposes judicious and critical planning policy instead of direct import of global urban-architectural typologies.

朱熹《四书》学与儒家工夫论

朱熹《四书》学其实就是一套完整的关于“修己治人”的儒家工夫论。从《四书》的文本意义及朱熹对《四书》的诠释来看,朱熹的《四书》学坚持了圣门第一义的实践精神,将儒学建构成如何成就内圣外王的儒家工夫论体系。由此可以认为,朱熹的知识学形态———《四书》学,确是非常深刻地体现了中国知识传统的实践特色。

Artificial nociceptor based on TiO nanosheet memristor

With the development of technology,the learning and memory functions of artificial memristor synapses are necessary for realizing artificial neural networks and neural neuromorphic computing.Owing to their high scalability performance,nanosheet materials have been widely employed in cellular-level learning,but the behaviors of nociceptor based on nanosheet materials have rarely been studied.Here,we present a memristor with an Al/TiO_(2)/Pt structure.After electroforming,the memristor device showed a gradual conductance regulation and could simulate synaptic functions such as the potentiation and depression of synaptic weights.We also designed a new scheme that verifies the pain sensitization,desensitization,allodynia,and hyperalgesia behaviors of real nociceptors in the fabricated memristor.Memristors with these behaviors can significantly improve the quality of intelligent electronic devices.Data fitting showed that the high resistance and low resistance states were consistent with the hopping conduction mechanism.This work promises the application of TiO_(2)-based devices in next-generation neuromorphological systems.

Neurochemistry as a bridge between morphology and behavior： Perspectives on aggression in insects

Aggression is a common behavioral trait shared in many animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the type and intensity of agonistic encounters and displays can vary widely both across and within species, resulting in complicated or subjective interpretations that create difficulties in developing theoretical models that can be widely applied. The need to easily and objectively identify quantifiable behaviors and their associated morphologies becomes especially important when attempting to decipher the neurological mechanisms underlying this complex behavior. Monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones have been implicated as important neuromodulators for agonistic displays in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Ad- ditionally, recent breakthroughs in insect research have revealed exciting proximate mechanisms important in aggression that may be broadly relevant, due to the relatively high conservation of these neurochemical systems across animal taxa. In this review, we present the latest research demonstrating the importance of monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones as neuromodulators for aggression across a variety of insect species. Additionally, we describe the stalk-eyed fly as a model system for studying aggres- sion, which integrates physiological, morphological, and neurochemical approaches in exploring detailed mechanisms responsible for this common yet complex behavior. We conclude with our perspective on the most promising lines of future research aimed at understanding the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying aggressive behaviors .

Synchronization of switched Boolean networks with impulsive effects

This paper studies the state/output synchronization of switched Boolean networks （SBNs） with impulsive effects via the algebraic state space representation （ASSR） approach. First, an algebraic form is established for SBNs with impulsive effects via ASSR. Second, based on the algebraic form, some necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the state/output synchronization of SBNs with impulsive effects under arbitrary switching signals. Third, two special kinds of switching signals, that is, free switching signal and feedback switching signal, are considered for the state synchroniza-tion of SBNs with impulsive effects. Finally, two illustrative examples are worked out to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.

Convergent evolution of brain morphology and communication modalities in lizards

Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, auditory, and/or tactile modalities. The use of each modalityis generally linked to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved in association with the relative use of a modality.We investigated relationships between the behavioral use of communication modalities and neural morphologies in six lizard species. Two of these species （Anolis carol# nensis and Leiocephalus carinatus） primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and detect potential prey, and two （Aspidoscelis gularis and Scincella lateralis） communicate and forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species （Hemidactylus turcicus and Sceloporus olivaceus） use both visual and chemical signals. For each species, we performed beha- vioral observations and quantified rates of visual and chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and measured the soma size and density of neurons in two brain regions associated with visual behaviors （the lat- eral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus rotundus） and one region associated with chemical behaviors （the nucleus sphericus）. With analyses conducted in a phylogenetic context, we found that species that performed higher rates of visual displays had a denser lateral geniculate nucleus, and species that used a higher proportion of chemical displays had larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved convergently in species with similar communication behaviors .

Filament growth dynamics in solid electrolyte-based resistive memories revealed by in situ TEM

Solid electrolyte based-resistive memories have been considered to be a potential candidate for future information technology with applications in non-volatile memory, logic circuits and neuromorphic computing. A conductive filament model has been generally accepted to be the underlying mechanism for the resistive switching. However, the growth dynamics of such conductive filaments is still not fully understood. Here, we explore the controllability of filament growth by correlating observations of the filament growth with the electric field distribution and several other factors. The filament growth behavior has been recorded using in situ transmission electron microscopy. By studying the real- time recorded filament growth behavior and morphologies, we have been able to simulate the electric field distribution in accordance with our observations. Other factors have also been shown to affect the filament growth, such as Joule heating and electrolyte infrastructure. This work provides insight into the controllable growth of conductive filaments and will help guide research into further functionalities of nanoionic resistive memories.