试论邓小平的新闻宣传思想

邓小平同志是我国功勋卓著、德高望重的老一辈无产阶级革命家,是我国改革开放的总设计师,也是中国特色社会主义理论的奠基人。邓小平同志在漫长的革命生涯中,在对新闻宣传思想和办报实践方面,也有许多重要的建树和创造,值得我们认真研究和探索。在近七十年的沧桑经历中,邓小平同志曾经长期从事党的新闻宣传工作。中国工农红军总政治部出版的红军中央机关报《经星报》(1931年12月11日在江西瑞金创刊),他是第一任主编。

新发现的一组十二星次图

中国古代既然有十二星次的概念和分法,就应该有相应的十二星次图,但以往研究者未曾见到过十二星次图。本文作者意外地在中国科学院自然科学史研究所图书馆发现了一个手抄本《星经天文图说》,其中有完整的十二次星图以及北极星图、南极星图等。该书的后半部分为三垣二十八宿体系的星占。文章介绍了这个手抄本,认为该手抄本大约成书于1875年,作者应是罗秀。罗秀很可能是汉中西部的褒水一带人,生活在同治到光绪年间。从书中星图的大致情况来判断,它们可能是作者借助清代初年的某种星图作为底图制作的。本文还初步探讨了十二星次与二十八宿的关系,以及十二星次图的演变。

Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor on activation of astrocytes in vitro

Objective To observe the activating effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor （CNTF） on astrocyte in vitro. Methods Astrocytes cultured purely from newborn rats. Cerebral cortex was raised in normal and serum deprivation condition with different concentrations （in ng/ml： 0, 2, 20, or 200） of CNTF. After cultured for 24 h, the shape and the cell cycle of astrocytes were examined by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometer, respectively. Results The immunoactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and the nuclear size of astrocytes were increased when CNTF was applied, whether cells were cultured in medium with or without serum. CNTF promoted astrocytes to enter the cell cycle in medium with serum, but had no this effect in medium without serum. Conclusion In medium without serum, astrocytes could differentiate into activated state ceils with CNTF application, but could not proliferate; in medium with serum, astrocytes could proliferate with aid of CNTF.

国际动态

下一代EGNOS发展迈出一大步 欧洲卫星通信公司（Eutelsat）和欧洲全球导航卫星系统管理局（GSA）签署了一份为期18年的合同,价值1.02亿欧元,涉及EGNOS GEO-3有效载荷的研发和服务提供。EGNOS GEO-3有效载荷将搭载Eutelsat-5卫星,计划于2018年底发射。新有效载荷的发射标志着对现有EGNOS能力的更新与补充,计划于2019年开始提供长达15年的服务。

S100B protein in the gut:The evidence for enteroglial-sustained intestinal inflammation

Glial cells in the gut represent the morphological and functional equivalent of astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system （CNS）. In recent years, the role of enteric glial cells （EGCs） has extended from that of simple nutritive support for enteric neurons to that of being pivotal participants in the regulation of inflammatory events in the gut. Similar to the CNS astrocytes, the EGCs physiologically express the SIOOB protein that exerts either trophic or toxic effects depending on its concentration in the extracellular milieu. In the CNS, SIOOB overexpression is responsible for the initiation of a gliotic reaction by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which may have a deleterious effect on neighboring cells. SlOOB-mediated pro-inflammatory effects are not limited to the brain： SIOOB overexpression is associated with the onset and maintenance of inflammation in the human gut too. In this review we describe the major features of EGCs and SIOOB protein occurring in intestinal inflammation deriving from such.

Increased expression of aquaporin-4 in human traumatic brain injury and brain tumors

Objective:To characterize the expression of aquaporin-4(AQP4),one of the aquaporins(AQPs),in human brainspecimens from patients with traumatic brain injury or brain tumors.Methods:Nineteen hnman brain specimens were obtahledfrom the patients with traumatic brain injury,brain tumors,benign meningioma or early stage hemorrhagic stroke.MRI or CTimaging was used to assess brain edema.Hematoxylin and eosm staining were used to evaluate cell damage,Immunohistochem-istry was used to detect the AQP4 expression.Results:AQP4 expression was increased from 15 h to at least 8 d after injury.AQP4immunoreactivity was strong around astrocytomas,ganglioglioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma.However,AQP4 immunore-activity was only found in the centers of astrocytomas and ganglioglioma,but not in metastatic adenocarcinoma derived from lung.Conclusion:AQP4 expression increases in human brains alter traumatic brain injury,within brain-derived tumors,and aroundbrain tumors.

Spatio-temporal Variations in Plantation Forests'Disturbance and Recovery of Northern Guangdong Province Using Yearly Landsat Time Series Observations(1986-2015)

Forest disturbance plays a vital role in modulating carbon storage,biodiversity and climate change.Yearly Landsat imagery from 1986 to 2015 of a typical plantation region in the northern Guangdong province of southern China was used as a case study.A Landsat time series stack(LTSS) was fed to the vegetation change tracker model(VCT) to map long-term changes in plantation forests' disturbance and recovery,followed by an intensive validation and a continuous 27-yr change analysis on disturbance locations,magnitudes and rates of plantations' disturbance and recovery.And the validation results of the disturbance year maps derived from five randomly identified sample plots with 25 km^2 located at the four corners and the center of the scene showed the majority of the spatial agreement measures ranged from 60% to 83%.A confusion matrix summary of the accuracy measures for all four validation sites in Fogang County showed that the disturbance year maps had an overall accuracy estimate of 71.70%.Forest disturbance rates' change trend was characterized by a decline first,followed by an increase,then giving way to a decline again.An undulated and gentle decreasing trend of disturbance rates from the highest value of 3.95% to the lowest value of 0.76% occurred between 1988 and 2001,disturbance rate of 4.51% in 1994 was a notable anomaly,while after 2001 there was a sharp ascending change,forest disturbance rate spiked in 2007(5.84%).After that,there was a significant decreasing trend up to the lowest value of 1.96% in 2011 and a slight ascending trend from 2011 to 2015(2.59%).Two obvious spikes in post-disturbance recovery rates occurred in 1995(0.26%) and 2008(0.41%).Overall,forest recovery rates were lower than forest disturbance rates.Moreover,forest disturbance and recovery detection based on VCT and the Landsat-based detections of trends in disturbance and recovery(LandT rendr) algorithms in Fogang County have been conducted,with LandT rendr finding mostly much more disturbance than VCT.Overall,disturbances and recoveries in northern Guangdong were triggered mostly by timber needs,policies and decisions of the local governments.This study highlights that a better understanding about plantations' changes would provide a critical foundation for local forest management decisions in the southern China.

GPS SATELLITE SIMULATOR SIGNAL ESTIMATION BASED ON ANN

Multi-channel Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite signal simulator is used to provide realistic test signals for GPS receivers and navigation systems. In this paper, signals arriving the antenna of GPS receiver are analyzed from the viewpoint of simulator design. The estimation methods are focused of which several signal parameters are difficult to determine directly according to existing experiential models due to various error factors. Based on the theory of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), an approach is proposed to simulate signal propagation delay,carrier phase, power, and other parameters using ANN. The architecture of the hardware-in-the-loop test system is given. The ANN training and validation process is described. Experimental results demonstrate that the ANN designed can statistically simulate sample data in high fidelity.Therefore the computation of signal state based on this ANN can meet the design requirement,and can be directly applied to the development of multi-channel GPS satellite signal simulator.

Maxi-anion channel as a candidate pathway for osmosensitive ATP release from mouse astrocytes in primary culture

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the pathways contributing to ATP release from mouse astrocytes during hypoosmotic stress. We first examined the expression of mRNAs for proteins constituting possible ATP- releasing pathways that have been suggested over the past several years. In RT-PCR analysis using both control and osmotically swollen astrocytes, amplification of cDNA fragments of expected size was seen for connexins （Cx32, Cx37, Cx43）, pannexin 1 （Pxl）, the P2X7 receptor, MRP1 and MDR1, but not CFTR. Inhibitors of exocytotic vesicular release, gap junction hemi-channels, CFTR, MRP1, MDR1, the P2X7 receptor, and volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying chloride channels had no significant effects on the massive ATP release from astrocytes. In contrast, the hypotonicity-induced ATP release from astrocytes was most effectively inhibited by gadolinium （50 μM）, an inhibitor of the maxi-anion channel, which has recently been shown to serve as a pathway for ATP release from several other cell types. Thus, we propose that the maxi-anion channel constitutes a major pathway for swelling-induced ATP release from cultured mouse astrocytes as well.

Hub Genes of Astrocyte Involved in Glaucoma with Ocular Hypertension by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

This study was conducted to elucidate the potential key candidate genes and pathways in role of astrocyte involved in glaucoma with ocular hypertension.Methods Expression profiles GSE2378 and GSE758 including 27 reactive optic nerve head astrocytes(ONHAs)by hypertensions and 26 normal controls,were integrated and deeply analyzed.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were sorted and candidate genes and pathways enrichment were analyzed.DEGs-associated protein-protein interaction network(PPI)was performed.Results A total of 119 consistently expressed genes were identified from 281 commonly changed DEGs,including 68 up-regulated genes and 51 down-regulated genes.PPI network complex filtered 75 DEGs(43 up-regulated and 32 down-regulated genes)of the 119 consistently altered DEGs and developed 117 edges,and 10 hub genes were identified.The most significant 3 modules were filtered from PPI,pathway enrichment analysis showed that module 1 was associated with extracellular exosome.Module 2 was mainly associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)and module 3 was mainly associated with Hippo signaling pathway.Conclusion Taken above,using integrated bioinformatical analysis,we have identified DEGs candidate genes and pathways in role of astrocyte involved in glaucoma with ocular hypertension,which could improve our understanding of the cause and underlying molecular events,and these candidate genes and pathways could be therapeutic targets for glaucoma.

Reliability analysis of house keeping system based on neural network

House keeping systems must hold such advantages as light weight,,mall volume and low power consumption to meet the demand of micro-satellites. This paper, based on the specific characteristics of Stereo Mapping Micro-satellite (SMMS), describes the house keeping system with its advantage of having a centralized and distributed control in one system and analyzes the reliability based on Neural network model.

ART-2 neural network based on eternal term memory vector:Architecture and algorithm

Aimed at the problem that the traditional ART-2 neural network can not recognize a gradually changing course, an eternal term memory (ETM) vector is introduced into ART-2 to simulate the function of human brain, i.e. the deep remembrance for the initial impression.. The eternal term memory vector is determined only by the initial vector that establishes category neuron node and is used to keep the remembrance for this vector for ever. Two times of vigilance algorithm are put forward, and the posterior input vector must first pass the first vigilance of this eternal term memory vector, only succeeded has it the qualification to begin the second vigilance of long term memory vector. The long term memory vector can be revised only when both of the vigilances are passed. Results of recognition examples show that the improved ART-2 overcomes the defect of traditional ART-2 and can recognize a gradually changing course effectively.

Assessing Drought Vulnerability of Bulgarian Agriculture through Model Simulations

This study assesses vulnerability of agriculture to drought, using WINISAREG model and seasonal SPI2-index for eight climate regions （1951-2004）. Results relative to Plovdiv show that in soils of large TAW （total available water） net irrigation requirements NIRs range from 0 to 380 mm. In soils of small TAW, NIRs reach 440 mm in the very dry year. NIRs in Sofia/Silistra are about 100 mm smaller than in Plovdiv while in Sandanski they are 30-110 mm larger. Rainfed maize is associated with great yield variability （29% 〈 Cv 〈 72%）. Considering an economical RYD （relative yield decrease） threshold, 32% of years are risky when TA Wis large in Plovdiv that is double than in Sofia and half than in Sandanski. In North Bulgaria the risky years are 10% in Pleven/Silistra that is half than in Lom. In Plovdiv region reliable relationships （R2 〉 91%） were found relating the SPI2 ＂July-Aug.＂ with simulated RYD of rainfed maize while remaining relationships were less accurate （73% 〈 R2 〈 86%）. Economical losses are produced when High Peak Season SPI2 〈 ＋ 0.20 in Sandanski, SPI2 〈 - 0.50 in Plovdiv and SPI2 〈 - 0.90 in Sofia. In North Bulgaria the SPI2 threshold ranges from - 0.75 to - 1.50. Derived reliable relationships and SPl-thresholds are used for drought vulnerability mapping.

Impact of Rising Oil Prices on the Living Cost in Burkina Faso

Fluctuations of the world oil prices affect economic performance. Outside the impact on the sector of energy production, the rising oil price has consequences on inflationary pressures and a deteriorating fiscal position of Burkina Faso. In this context, studying the impact of rising oil prices on the economy, especially the cost of living of its population has a great interest because although many studies have attempted to link 〈〈oil prices〉~ and 〈〈cost of living~, very few have focused on the specific case of Burkina Faso. This allows us to make our contribution to this construction literature. This contribution will consist to highlight the relation between changes in oil prices and the cost of living in Burkina Faso. Also to be reached, we will find the best indicator to reflect the cost of living in Burkina Faso, identify the suitable econometric model for estimating the correlation and verify the existence of the relation between oil prices and the cost of living. For a better approach to this study, we used a VAR （Vector Auto-Regressive） model. Also, we will use documentary research that will make an assessment on the existing in terms of theoretical debates around the theme descriptive statistics that will help to introduce and describe the variables used in the study, and econometric analysis will analyze and estimate the parameters of our objective function using Eviews.

Vertical structure and evolution of the Luzon Warm Eddy

Eddies are frequently observed in the northeastern South China Sea （SCS）. However, there have been few studies on vertical structure and temporal-spatial evolution of these eddies. We analyzed the seasonal Luzon Warm Eddy （LWE） based on Argo float data and the merged data products of satellite altimeters of Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1 and European Research Satellites. The analysis shows that the LWE extends vertically to more than 500 m water depth, with a higher temperature anomaly of 5℃ and lower salinity anomaly of 0.5 near the thermocline. The current speeds of the LWE are stronger in its uppermost 200 m, with a maximum speed of 0.6 m/s. Sometimes the LWE incorporates mixed waters from the Kuroshio Current and the SCS, and thus has higher thermohaline characteristics than local marine waters. Time series of eddy kinematic parameters show that the radii and shape of the LWE vary during propagation, and its eddy kinetic energy follows a normal distribution. In addition, we used the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） here to analyze seasonal characteristics of the LWE. The results suggest that the LWE generally forms in July, intensifies in August and September, separates from the coast of Luzon in October and propagates westward, and weakens in December and disappears in February. The LWE＇s westward migration is approximately along 19°N latitude from northwest of Luzon to southeast of Hainan, with a mean speed of 6.6 cm/s.

Analysis of Urban Environmental Conditions Based on Satellite Remote Sensing and Socioeconomic Conditions Based on StatisticsmA Case Study of Semarang Municipality, Indonesia

In this study, urban environmental condition using Terra ASTER （advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer） remotely sensed satellite imagery was estimated and compared to statistically derived socioeconomic condition data from Semarang Municipality in Central Java Province： Indonesia. From satellite imagery： U1 （urban index） and NDVI （normalized difference vegetation index） were calculated and used that information to construct urban density and vegetation distribution maps of the study area. Urban density and vegetation distribution were combined to estimate urban environmental condition; then compared to socioeconomic conditions. The results revealed that the Semarang Municipality had a higher percentage of developed or urbanized areas （49%） compared to the percentage of area covered by vegetation （42%）. In general, southern Semarang had a higher quality urban environment and socioeconomic condition compared to northern Semarang, which had a higher urban density, lower quality urban environment and lower socioeconomic condition. The indicate that socioeconomic condition can be determined using satellite-derived urban and vegetation indices even in places like Semarang Municipality, where the population settlement was sparse and unorganized.

The study of estimation method of broadband emissivity from EOS/MODIS data

The broadband emissivity is an important parameter for estimating the energy balance of the Earth. This study focuses on estimating the window （8 -12 μm） emissivity from the MODIS （mod- erate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer） data, and two methods are built. The regression method obtains the broadband emissivity from MODllB1 - 5KM product, whose coefficient is developed by using 128 spectra, and the standard deviation of error is about 0.0118 and the mean error is about O. 0084. Although the estimation accuracy is very high while the broadband emissivity is estimated from the emissivity of bands 29, 31 and 32 obtained from MOD11B1 _ 5KM product, the standard deviations of errors of single emissivity in bands 29, 31, 32 are about 0.009 for MOD11B1 5KM product, so the total error is about O. 02 and resolution is about 5km × 5km. A combined radiative transfer model with dynamic learning neural network method is used to estimate the broadband emis- sivity from MODIS 1B data. The standard deviation of error is about 0.016, the mean error is about 0.01, and the resolution is about 1 km x 1 km. The validation and application analysis indicates that the regression is simpler and more practical, and estimation accuracy of the dynamic learning neural network method is higher. Considering the needs for accuracy and practicalities in application, one of them can be chosen to estimate the broadband emissivity from MODIS data.

Satellite retrieval of hurricane wind speeds using the AMSR2 microwave radiometer

The AMSR2 microwave radiometer is the main payload of the GCOM-W1 satellite,launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in 2012. Based on the pre-launch information extraction algorithm,the AMSR2 enables remote monitoring of geophysical parameters such as sea surface temperature,wind speed,water vapor,and liquid cloud water content. However,rain alters the properties of atmospheric scattering and absorption,which contaminates the brightness temperatures measured by the microwave radiometer. Therefore,it is difficult to retrieve AMSR2-derived sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions. Based on microwave radiative transfer theory,and using AMSR2 L1 brightness temperature data obtained in August 2012 and NCEP reanalysis data,we studied the sensitivity of AMSR2 brightness temperatures to rain and wind speed,from which a channel combination of brightness temperature was established that is insensitive to rainfall,but sensitive to wind speed. Using brightness temperatures obtained with the proposed channel combination as input parameters,in conjunction with HRD wind field data,and adopting multiple linear regression and BP neural network methods,we established an algorithm for hurricane wind speed retrieval under rainfall conditions. The results showed that the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals,obtained using the multiple linear regression algorithm,were 3.1 m/s and 13%,respectively. However,the standard deviation and relative error of retrievals obtained using the BP neural network algorithm were better(2.1 m/s and 8%,respectively). Thus,the results of this paper preliminarily verified the feasibility of using microwave radiometers to extract sea surface wind speeds under rainfall conditions.

Sea surface height oscillation with quasi-four-month period along the continental slope in the northern South China Sea

The sea surface height oscillation with a quasi-four-month period （SSHO4） along continental slope in the northern South China Sea （NSCS） is detected using satellite altimeter data and an ocean model simulation. The SSHO4 is at southwest of Dongsha Island, and is characterized by a wavelength of-600 km and a southwestward phase speed of-0.1 m/s. Crossing the climatological background SST front, geostrophic currents corresponding to the SSHO4 generally induce sea surface temperature （SST） ＂tongues＂ during January-March. The cold and warm SST tongues appear southwest of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, respectively. The distance between the warm and cold SST tongues is about half the wavelength of the SSHO4. The geostrophic currents play an important role in lateral mixing, as manifested by the SST tongue phenomena in the NSCS.

Annual and Interannual Variability of Scatterometer Ocean Surface Wind over the South China Sea

To investigate the annual and interaunual variability of ocean surface wind over the South China Sea （SCS）, the vector empirical orthogonal function （VEOF） method and the Hilbert-Huang transform （HHT） method were employed to analyze a set of combined satellite scatterometer wind data during the period from December 1992 to October 2009. The merged wind data were generated from European Remote Sensing Satellite （ERS）-1/2 Scatterometer, NASA Scatterometer （NSCAT） and NASA＇s Quick Scatterometer （QuikSCAT） wind products. The first VEOF mode corresponds to a winter-summer mode which accounts for 87.3% of the total variance and represents the East Asian monsoon features. The second mode of VEOF corresponds to a spring-autumn oscil- lation which accounts for 8.3% of the total variance. To analyze the interannual variability, the annual signal was removed from the wind data set and the VEOFs of the residuals were calculated. The temporal mode of the ftrst intcrannual VEOF is correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index （SOI） with a four-month lag. The second temporal interannual VEOF mode is correlated with the SOI with no time lag. The time series of the two interannual VEOFs were decomposed using the HI-IT method and the results also show a correlation between the interannual variability and El Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） events.