Comparing with the coordinates measuring machine (CMM),the theodolite industrial measuring system (TIMS) can be easily moved and it can measure large sized industrial targets contactlessly.But up to now the precision...Comparing with the coordinates measuring machine (CMM),the theodolite industrial measuring system (TIMS) can be easily moved and it can measure large sized industrial targets contactlessly.But up to now the precision of the TIMS has been considered so low that the TIMS isnt applied to some precise measurements.The error in self locating TIMS is a main factor which affects the precision of the TIMS.A new model of the TIMS is given out in this paper,and it can eliminate the error in self locating the TIMS.The new model is not only investigated and analyzed theoretically but also verified by the real measured data.展开更多
A new analytical method using Back-Propagation (BP) artificial neural networks and spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in tap water, the Yellow River water and seawater is estab...A new analytical method using Back-Propagation (BP) artificial neural networks and spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in tap water, the Yellow River water and seawater is established. By condition experiment, the optimum analytical conditions for calcium, magnesium and Arsenazo (Ⅲ) color reactions are obtained. Levenberg- Marquart (L-M) algorithm is used for calculation in BP neural network. The topological structure of three-layer BP ANN network architecture is chosen as 11-10-2 (nodes). The initial value of gradient coefficient μ is fixed at 0.001 and the increase factor and reduction factor of kt take the default values of the system. The data are processed by computers with our own programs written in MATLAB 7.0. The relative standard deviations of the calculated results for calcium and magnesium are 2.31% and 2.14%, respectively. The results of standard addition method show that the recoveries of calcium and magnesium are 103.6% and 100.8% in the tap water, 103.2% and 96.6% in the Yellow River water (Lijin district of Shandong Province), and 98.8%-103.3% and 98.43%-103.4% in seawater from Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao. It is found that 14 common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination of calcium and magnesium under the optimum experimental conditions. The comparative experiments do not show any obvious differ- ence between the results obtained by this new method and those obtained by the classical complexometric titration method in seawater medium. This method exhibits good reproducibility and high accuracy in the determination of calcium and magnesium and can be used for the simultaneous determination of Ca^2+ and Mg^2+ in tap water and natural water.展开更多
Among the processing conditions of injection molding, temperature of the melt entering the mold plays a significant role in determining the quality of molded parts. In our previous research, a neural network was deve...Among the processing conditions of injection molding, temperature of the melt entering the mold plays a significant role in determining the quality of molded parts. In our previous research, a neural network was developed to predict the melt temperature in the barrel during the plastication phase. In this paper, a neural network is proposed to predict the melt temperature at the nozzle exit during the injection phase. A typical two-layer neural network with back propagation learning rules is used to model the relationship between input and output in the injection phase. The preliminary results show that the network works well and may be used for on-line optimization and control of injection molding processes.展开更多
Surface roughness of quartz particles was determined by measuring the specific surface area of particles.The wettability characteristics of particles were determined by measuring the flotation rate using a laboratory ...Surface roughness of quartz particles was determined by measuring the specific surface area of particles.The wettability characteristics of particles were determined by measuring the flotation rate using a laboratory flotation cell.Experimental results show that the rod mill product has higher roughness than the ball mill product.For the particles with larger surface roughness,the flotation kinetics constant is also higher.Finally,empirical relationships between surface roughness(r) and the flotation kinetics constant(k) of quartz particles as k=A+Br+Cr0.5lnr+D/lnr+E/r and k=A+Br are presented,in which A,B,C,D and E are constants related to experimental conditions and mineralogical properties of mineral.展开更多
In order to overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials, a neural network based method is propo...In order to overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials, a neural network based method is proposed for data processing while a blackbody furnace and three optical filters with known spectral transmittance curves were used to make up a true target. The experimental results show that the calculated temperatures are in good agreement with the temperature of the blackbody furnace, and the calculated spectral emissivity curves are in good agreement with the spectral transmittance curves of the filters. The method proposed has been proved to be an effective method for solving the problem of true temperature and emissivity measurement, and it can overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials.展开更多
By applying co-integration analysis,the Granger causality test and an error correction model,the dependency between the energy consumption and the gross domestic product of China was examined.In a further step an anal...By applying co-integration analysis,the Granger causality test and an error correction model,the dependency between the energy consumption and the gross domestic product of China was examined.In a further step an analysis was done to establish a correlation between the economic growth of different industries and China's energy consumption.An evidence-based study showed that a co-integration relationship exists between the gross energy consumption and the GDP of China and that the two variables possess bi-directional causality.The energy consumption for the secondary industry has a markedly stimulative effect to the economic growth.This paper also uses an error correction model(ECM)to explain the short-term behavior of energy demands.展开更多
Since the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) is pronouncedly featured by abruptly intensified southwesterly and obviously increased precipitation over the SCS,the lower-tropospheric winds and/or convection i...Since the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) is pronouncedly featured by abruptly intensified southwesterly and obviously increased precipitation over the SCS,the lower-tropospheric winds and/or convection intensities are widely used to determine the SCSSM onset.The methods can be used successfully in most of the years but not in 2006.Due to the intrusion of Typhoon Chanchu(0601)that year,the usual method of determining SCSSM onset date by utilizing the SCS regional indices is less capable of pinpointing the real onset date.In order to solve the problem,larger-scale situations have to be taken into account.Zonal and meridional circulations would be better to determine the break-out date of SCSSM in 2006.The result indicates that its onset date is May 16.Moreover,similar onset dates for other years can be obtained using various methods,implying that large-scale zonal and meridional circulations can be used as an alternative method for determining the SCSSM onset date.展开更多
A new analytical method using Back-Propagation (BP) artificial neural network and kinetic spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of iron and magnesium in tap water, the Yellow River water and seawater is est...A new analytical method using Back-Propagation (BP) artificial neural network and kinetic spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of iron and magnesium in tap water, the Yellow River water and seawater is established. By conditional experiments, the optimum analytical conditions and parameters are obtained. Levenberg-Marquart (L-M) algorithm is used for calculation in BP neural network. The topological structure of three-layer BP ANN network architecture is chosen as 15-16-2 (nodes). The initial value of gradient coefficient μ is fixed at 0.001 and the increase factor and reduction factor of μ take the default values of the system. The data are processed by computers with our own programs written in MATLAB 7.0. The relative standard deviation of the calculated results for iron and manganese is 2.30% and 2.67% respectively. The results of standard addition method show that for the tap water, the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 98.0%-104.3% and 96.5%-104.5%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.23%-0.98%; for the Yellow River water (Lijin district of Shandong Province), the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 96.0%-101.0% and 98.7%-104.2%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.13%-2.52%; for the seawater in Qingdao offshore, the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 95.3%-104.8% and 95.3%-104.7%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.14%-2.66%. It is found that 21 common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination of iron and manganese under the optimum experimental conditions. This method exhibits good reproducibility and high accuracy in the determination of iron and manganese and can be used for the simultaneous determination of iron and manganese in tap water and natural water. By using the established ANN- catalytic spectrophotometric method, the iron and manganese concentrations of the surface seawater at 11 sites in Qingdao offshore are determined and the level distribution maps of iron and manganese are drawn.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to review and demonstrate how analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be employed to determine earnings quality. The AHP technique can make the analysis studies more effective, easy, and ap...The purpose of this study is to review and demonstrate how analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be employed to determine earnings quality. The AHP technique can make the analysis studies more effective, easy, and applicable to companies to calculate the relative weights of each dimension, sub-dimension, and specific sub-dimension of earnings quality. A common understanding of earnings quality is difficult to define and even more difficult to measure precisely. In addition to this, the earnings quality is influenced by factors which are often intangible and immeasurable and, as such, when assessing earnings quality, judgments will be largely subjective. Further, earnings quality is related to business concepts or practices and affected by other factors such as the nature and source of earnings. In relation to this, earnings quality would be directly influenced by the conservatism of the chosen methods. However, earnings quality relates to the persistence of earnings and to the likelihood of cash realization on reported eamings. Overall, the results presented from the paramorphic model under AHP are meant to be descriptive of the decision process of five investment analysts within three different companies. The results in this study offer valuable insights into how a small population of investment analysts actually decides the relative importance of various earnings quality dimensions.展开更多
The prediction of magnitude (M) of reservoir induced earthquake is an important task in earthquake engineering. In this article, we employ a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) for...The prediction of magnitude (M) of reservoir induced earthquake is an important task in earthquake engineering. In this article, we employ a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) for prediction of reservoir induced earthquake M based on reservoir parameters. Comprehensive parameter (E) and maximum reservoir depth] (H) are considered as inputs to the SVM and GPR. We give an equation for determination oil reservoir induced earthquake M. The developed SVM and GPR have been compared with] the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The results show that the developed SVM and] GPR are efficient tools for prediction of reservoir induced earthquake M. /展开更多
The paper presents data collected in an assessment of the effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) infestation on phytoplankton productivity in Lake Naivasha. A summary of the status of control and strategie...The paper presents data collected in an assessment of the effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) infestation on phytoplankton productivity in Lake Naivasha. A summary of the status of control and strategies used is given. The ecological effects of water hyacinth on the lake have received little attention compared to the large body of work available on the weed's socioeconomic impact. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hyacinth infestation on the phytoplankton productivity. Several sampling stations were set up in the lake at sites containing floating mats of the weed and at sites where the weed was absent. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration and dissolved oxygen were measured at each station and used as proxies for phytoplankton productivity. The findings show that phytoplankton productivity in weed covered areas is reduced with significant change in species composition and biodiversity suggesting that water hyacinth can alter the ecology of the lake. Although water hyacinth has continued posing serious ecological consequences, the control strategies already adopted will continue to reduce deleterious impacts and allow sustained development in the Lake Naivasha Basin. There is need however to undertake research to quantify the level of ecological damage and the costs of control. There are other effects such as livelihood loss, diseases, and disruption of normal operations that also need to be quantified.展开更多
Objective To analyze and compare the features and strengths of different methods for calculating the biophysical properties of meridian points,and thus propose corresponding suggestions to fully achieve the research a...Objective To analyze and compare the features and strengths of different methods for calculating the biophysical properties of meridian points,and thus propose corresponding suggestions to fully achieve the research and application value of biophysical properties of meridian points.Methods We searched and collected the literature on the imbalance of biophysical properties of meridian points between January 1,2005 and March 1,2020 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database(Wanfang),Chongqing VIP Database(CQVIP)and PubMed database,and then analyzed,compared,and summarized the applied methods for calculating the imbalance degree of the biophysical properties of meridian points.Results The current methods for calculating the imbalance degree of the biophysical properties of meridian points are diverse and can be summarized as the following three:direct comparison of the measured values of the left and right namesake points,difference method,and ratio method.The low uniformity of the calculation methods has limited the promotion and application of its research results.Conclusion In future research on the biophysical properties of meridian points,multidisciplinary cooperation in terms of imbalance degree calculation methods,detection instruments,and health data models is necessary to achieve more widely applicable scientific conclusions and more generalized experimental results.展开更多
Objective: To observe the real-time effect of scraping therapy for headache due to common cold. Methods: Forty-five patients with headache caused by cold were included to receive scraping therapy, and asked to take ...Objective: To observe the real-time effect of scraping therapy for headache due to common cold. Methods: Forty-five patients with headache caused by cold were included to receive scraping therapy, and asked to take hot water and a good rest after treatment. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was recorded before and after the scraping treatment. The patients were visited again at the second day to inspect the development of the disease, including whether the headache was relapsed or aggravated; how long it was between the relapse or aggravation and the scraping treatment; patients' behavior after the scraping treatment. Result: The VAS score ofpre-treatment was 6.45±1.95, and it was 1.43±0.65 after treatment. The results had statistical significance. In the revisit among the 45 patients, there were 39 patients whose headache didn't relapsed or aggravated. For the left 6 patients who got relapsed or aggravated headache, researcher found that they did not follow the doctor's order well. Conclusion: Scraping therapy has obvious real-time effect on headache caused by cold. However, whether the patients can follow the doctor's advice is a key factor in the relapse of headache.展开更多
It is a great challenge to match and predict the production performance of coalbed methane (CBM) wells in the initial production stage due to heterogeneity of coalbed, uniqueness of CBM production process, complexity ...It is a great challenge to match and predict the production performance of coalbed methane (CBM) wells in the initial production stage due to heterogeneity of coalbed, uniqueness of CBM production process, complexity of porosity-permeability variation and difficulty in obtaining some key parameters which are critical for the conventional prediction methods (type curve, material balance and numerical simulation). BP neural network, a new intelligent technique, is an effective method to deal with nonlinear, instable and complex system problems and predict the short-term change quantitatively. In this paper a BP neural model for the CBM productivity of high-rank CBM wells in Qinshui Basin was established and used to match the past gas production and predict the futural production performance. The results from two case studies showed that this model has high accuracy and good reliability in matching and predicting gas production with different types and different temporal resolutions, and the accuracy increases as the number of outliers in gas production data decreases. Therefore, the BP network can provide a reliable tool to predict the production performance of CBM wells without clear knowledge of coalbed reservoir and sufficient production data in the early development stage.展开更多
文摘Comparing with the coordinates measuring machine (CMM),the theodolite industrial measuring system (TIMS) can be easily moved and it can measure large sized industrial targets contactlessly.But up to now the precision of the TIMS has been considered so low that the TIMS isnt applied to some precise measurements.The error in self locating TIMS is a main factor which affects the precision of the TIMS.A new model of the TIMS is given out in this paper,and it can eliminate the error in self locating the TIMS.The new model is not only investigated and analyzed theoretically but also verified by the real measured data.
文摘A new analytical method using Back-Propagation (BP) artificial neural networks and spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in tap water, the Yellow River water and seawater is established. By condition experiment, the optimum analytical conditions for calcium, magnesium and Arsenazo (Ⅲ) color reactions are obtained. Levenberg- Marquart (L-M) algorithm is used for calculation in BP neural network. The topological structure of three-layer BP ANN network architecture is chosen as 11-10-2 (nodes). The initial value of gradient coefficient μ is fixed at 0.001 and the increase factor and reduction factor of kt take the default values of the system. The data are processed by computers with our own programs written in MATLAB 7.0. The relative standard deviations of the calculated results for calcium and magnesium are 2.31% and 2.14%, respectively. The results of standard addition method show that the recoveries of calcium and magnesium are 103.6% and 100.8% in the tap water, 103.2% and 96.6% in the Yellow River water (Lijin district of Shandong Province), and 98.8%-103.3% and 98.43%-103.4% in seawater from Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao. It is found that 14 common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination of calcium and magnesium under the optimum experimental conditions. The comparative experiments do not show any obvious differ- ence between the results obtained by this new method and those obtained by the classical complexometric titration method in seawater medium. This method exhibits good reproducibility and high accuracy in the determination of calcium and magnesium and can be used for the simultaneous determination of Ca^2+ and Mg^2+ in tap water and natural water.
文摘Among the processing conditions of injection molding, temperature of the melt entering the mold plays a significant role in determining the quality of molded parts. In our previous research, a neural network was developed to predict the melt temperature in the barrel during the plastication phase. In this paper, a neural network is proposed to predict the melt temperature at the nozzle exit during the injection phase. A typical two-layer neural network with back propagation learning rules is used to model the relationship between input and output in the injection phase. The preliminary results show that the network works well and may be used for on-line optimization and control of injection molding processes.
文摘Surface roughness of quartz particles was determined by measuring the specific surface area of particles.The wettability characteristics of particles were determined by measuring the flotation rate using a laboratory flotation cell.Experimental results show that the rod mill product has higher roughness than the ball mill product.For the particles with larger surface roughness,the flotation kinetics constant is also higher.Finally,empirical relationships between surface roughness(r) and the flotation kinetics constant(k) of quartz particles as k=A+Br+Cr0.5lnr+D/lnr+E/r and k=A+Br are presented,in which A,B,C,D and E are constants related to experimental conditions and mineralogical properties of mineral.
文摘In order to overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials, a neural network based method is proposed for data processing while a blackbody furnace and three optical filters with known spectral transmittance curves were used to make up a true target. The experimental results show that the calculated temperatures are in good agreement with the temperature of the blackbody furnace, and the calculated spectral emissivity curves are in good agreement with the spectral transmittance curves of the filters. The method proposed has been proved to be an effective method for solving the problem of true temperature and emissivity measurement, and it can overcome the effect of the assumption between emissivity and wavelength on the measurement of true temperature and spectral emissivity for most engineering materials.
基金Projects TSFZLXKF2006-3 supported by the China Lixin Risk Management Research Institute Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission90210035 by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘By applying co-integration analysis,the Granger causality test and an error correction model,the dependency between the energy consumption and the gross domestic product of China was examined.In a further step an analysis was done to establish a correlation between the economic growth of different industries and China's energy consumption.An evidence-based study showed that a co-integration relationship exists between the gross energy consumption and the GDP of China and that the two variables possess bi-directional causality.The energy consumption for the secondary industry has a markedly stimulative effect to the economic growth.This paper also uses an error correction model(ECM)to explain the short-term behavior of energy demands.
基金Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(2010CB950304)
文摘Since the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) is pronouncedly featured by abruptly intensified southwesterly and obviously increased precipitation over the SCS,the lower-tropospheric winds and/or convection intensities are widely used to determine the SCSSM onset.The methods can be used successfully in most of the years but not in 2006.Due to the intrusion of Typhoon Chanchu(0601)that year,the usual method of determining SCSSM onset date by utilizing the SCS regional indices is less capable of pinpointing the real onset date.In order to solve the problem,larger-scale situations have to be taken into account.Zonal and meridional circulations would be better to determine the break-out date of SCSSM in 2006.The result indicates that its onset date is May 16.Moreover,similar onset dates for other years can be obtained using various methods,implying that large-scale zonal and meridional circulations can be used as an alternative method for determining the SCSSM onset date.
文摘A new analytical method using Back-Propagation (BP) artificial neural network and kinetic spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of iron and magnesium in tap water, the Yellow River water and seawater is established. By conditional experiments, the optimum analytical conditions and parameters are obtained. Levenberg-Marquart (L-M) algorithm is used for calculation in BP neural network. The topological structure of three-layer BP ANN network architecture is chosen as 15-16-2 (nodes). The initial value of gradient coefficient μ is fixed at 0.001 and the increase factor and reduction factor of μ take the default values of the system. The data are processed by computers with our own programs written in MATLAB 7.0. The relative standard deviation of the calculated results for iron and manganese is 2.30% and 2.67% respectively. The results of standard addition method show that for the tap water, the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 98.0%-104.3% and 96.5%-104.5%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.23%-0.98%; for the Yellow River water (Lijin district of Shandong Province), the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 96.0%-101.0% and 98.7%-104.2%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.13%-2.52%; for the seawater in Qingdao offshore, the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 95.3%-104.8% and 95.3%-104.7%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.14%-2.66%. It is found that 21 common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination of iron and manganese under the optimum experimental conditions. This method exhibits good reproducibility and high accuracy in the determination of iron and manganese and can be used for the simultaneous determination of iron and manganese in tap water and natural water. By using the established ANN- catalytic spectrophotometric method, the iron and manganese concentrations of the surface seawater at 11 sites in Qingdao offshore are determined and the level distribution maps of iron and manganese are drawn.
文摘The purpose of this study is to review and demonstrate how analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be employed to determine earnings quality. The AHP technique can make the analysis studies more effective, easy, and applicable to companies to calculate the relative weights of each dimension, sub-dimension, and specific sub-dimension of earnings quality. A common understanding of earnings quality is difficult to define and even more difficult to measure precisely. In addition to this, the earnings quality is influenced by factors which are often intangible and immeasurable and, as such, when assessing earnings quality, judgments will be largely subjective. Further, earnings quality is related to business concepts or practices and affected by other factors such as the nature and source of earnings. In relation to this, earnings quality would be directly influenced by the conservatism of the chosen methods. However, earnings quality relates to the persistence of earnings and to the likelihood of cash realization on reported eamings. Overall, the results presented from the paramorphic model under AHP are meant to be descriptive of the decision process of five investment analysts within three different companies. The results in this study offer valuable insights into how a small population of investment analysts actually decides the relative importance of various earnings quality dimensions.
文摘The prediction of magnitude (M) of reservoir induced earthquake is an important task in earthquake engineering. In this article, we employ a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) for prediction of reservoir induced earthquake M based on reservoir parameters. Comprehensive parameter (E) and maximum reservoir depth] (H) are considered as inputs to the SVM and GPR. We give an equation for determination oil reservoir induced earthquake M. The developed SVM and GPR have been compared with] the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The results show that the developed SVM and] GPR are efficient tools for prediction of reservoir induced earthquake M. /
文摘The paper presents data collected in an assessment of the effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) infestation on phytoplankton productivity in Lake Naivasha. A summary of the status of control and strategies used is given. The ecological effects of water hyacinth on the lake have received little attention compared to the large body of work available on the weed's socioeconomic impact. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hyacinth infestation on the phytoplankton productivity. Several sampling stations were set up in the lake at sites containing floating mats of the weed and at sites where the weed was absent. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration and dissolved oxygen were measured at each station and used as proxies for phytoplankton productivity. The findings show that phytoplankton productivity in weed covered areas is reduced with significant change in species composition and biodiversity suggesting that water hyacinth can alter the ecology of the lake. Although water hyacinth has continued posing serious ecological consequences, the control strategies already adopted will continue to reduce deleterious impacts and allow sustained development in the Lake Naivasha Basin. There is need however to undertake research to quantify the level of ecological damage and the costs of control. There are other effects such as livelihood loss, diseases, and disruption of normal operations that also need to be quantified.
文摘Objective To analyze and compare the features and strengths of different methods for calculating the biophysical properties of meridian points,and thus propose corresponding suggestions to fully achieve the research and application value of biophysical properties of meridian points.Methods We searched and collected the literature on the imbalance of biophysical properties of meridian points between January 1,2005 and March 1,2020 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database(Wanfang),Chongqing VIP Database(CQVIP)and PubMed database,and then analyzed,compared,and summarized the applied methods for calculating the imbalance degree of the biophysical properties of meridian points.Results The current methods for calculating the imbalance degree of the biophysical properties of meridian points are diverse and can be summarized as the following three:direct comparison of the measured values of the left and right namesake points,difference method,and ratio method.The low uniformity of the calculation methods has limited the promotion and application of its research results.Conclusion In future research on the biophysical properties of meridian points,multidisciplinary cooperation in terms of imbalance degree calculation methods,detection instruments,and health data models is necessary to achieve more widely applicable scientific conclusions and more generalized experimental results.
文摘Objective: To observe the real-time effect of scraping therapy for headache due to common cold. Methods: Forty-five patients with headache caused by cold were included to receive scraping therapy, and asked to take hot water and a good rest after treatment. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was recorded before and after the scraping treatment. The patients were visited again at the second day to inspect the development of the disease, including whether the headache was relapsed or aggravated; how long it was between the relapse or aggravation and the scraping treatment; patients' behavior after the scraping treatment. Result: The VAS score ofpre-treatment was 6.45±1.95, and it was 1.43±0.65 after treatment. The results had statistical significance. In the revisit among the 45 patients, there were 39 patients whose headache didn't relapsed or aggravated. For the left 6 patients who got relapsed or aggravated headache, researcher found that they did not follow the doctor's order well. Conclusion: Scraping therapy has obvious real-time effect on headache caused by cold. However, whether the patients can follow the doctor's advice is a key factor in the relapse of headache.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of Chi-na ("973" Project ) (Grant No. 2009CB219600)the Major National Sci-ence and Technology Special Projects (Grant Nos. 2008ZX05034-001, 2009ZX05038-002)
文摘It is a great challenge to match and predict the production performance of coalbed methane (CBM) wells in the initial production stage due to heterogeneity of coalbed, uniqueness of CBM production process, complexity of porosity-permeability variation and difficulty in obtaining some key parameters which are critical for the conventional prediction methods (type curve, material balance and numerical simulation). BP neural network, a new intelligent technique, is an effective method to deal with nonlinear, instable and complex system problems and predict the short-term change quantitatively. In this paper a BP neural model for the CBM productivity of high-rank CBM wells in Qinshui Basin was established and used to match the past gas production and predict the futural production performance. The results from two case studies showed that this model has high accuracy and good reliability in matching and predicting gas production with different types and different temporal resolutions, and the accuracy increases as the number of outliers in gas production data decreases. Therefore, the BP network can provide a reliable tool to predict the production performance of CBM wells without clear knowledge of coalbed reservoir and sufficient production data in the early development stage.