To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic gro...To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic growth quality.As to economic growth ofa country,the improvementofthe productivity is extremely important.The growth of the output can be realized through two kinds of ways: increasing the quantity of factor input of or improving the efficiency of the input and output.There fore, the level of economic growth quality does not mainly depend on the amount of invested factor,but the importance of improving the productivity since resources are rare. The relative improvement of efficiency in use of the invested factor marks the economic growing quality.So,in order to understand the economic growth quality of China to some extent, it must analyze Chinese factor input and aggregative productivity. This is the main topic that this text will be probed into.展开更多
2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of soci...2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of socialist modernization.What socio-economic progress has China achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and what are the opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for the 14th Five-Year Plan period?In May 2020,the China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey among economists.Results suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has achieved remarkable progress in the following areas:significant socio-economic development,deepening industry-ICT integration,and rapid growth of new economy;mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation,and enhanced R&D capabilities for cutting-edge technologies;green production and the abatement of air and water pollution;and poverty reduction.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,opportunities co-exist with challenges for China’s socio-economic development,which brims with resiliency.Surveyed economists felt sanguine about China’s development outlook.Based on the results,surveyed economists believed that the Chinese government should focus on the following priorities during the 14th Five-Year Plan period:expediting industrial transition,strengthening the real economy,and exploring domestic consumption potentials;ramping up research in fundamental science,and accelerating the research of critical technologies;increasing equal access to basic public services;and promoting green development in all respects,including green consumption,production,distribution,innovation,and finance.展开更多
Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December,...Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December, 1992, totaling 653 km with the designed annual traffic volume of 1×108 t. In order to meet the demands of national economic development, the transport capacity of the line must be enhanced greatly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR, for the first time in the world,realizes the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4 locomotive. Meanwhile, CR develops equipment portfolio for heavy-haul through combining 2 high power locomotives of HXD series (means harmony) with controllable EOT. Relying on integration and innovation, it succeeds in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line, which tripled the annual traffic volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.展开更多
This paper focuses on the economic development and urban morphology as well as its impact on the transportation system during the urban expansion of Shanghai in the last more than 20 years(1986-2008).Based on data fro...This paper focuses on the economic development and urban morphology as well as its impact on the transportation system during the urban expansion of Shanghai in the last more than 20 years(1986-2008).Based on data from 3 comprehensive transport surveys of Shanghai since 1986,the changes in residential trip demand,vehicle use,and the spatial distribution of trips were studied to understand the demands on the transportation system.The factors contributing to those changes in transportation demand were discussed,by which the conclusions were arrived:1) economic development promotes population growth and stimulates residential trip demand greatly;2) unsynchronized migration of population and job from central district to periphery district of Shanghai make trips and congestion diffuse in the same way;and 3) urban sprawl from a city center encourages the single-occupant vehicle mode,which imposes greater pressure on the roadway system.It is concluded that urban development should coordinate with the transportation system planning and expansion.展开更多
Sustainable development,a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust,has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models.However,the real meaning of...Sustainable development,a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust,has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models.However,the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate.On the one hand,differing from traditional economic developmental models,economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development'.On the other hand,current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development.Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries.Lastly,instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental-protection policies,it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development'.展开更多
On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socio-economic development of minority areas in ...On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socio-economic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socio-economic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, re-gional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines..展开更多
Coal occupies a dominant position in China's national economy and is an essential energy source for future industrial development. To inform the efficient and sustainable development of the coal industry, this paper ...Coal occupies a dominant position in China's national economy and is an essential energy source for future industrial development. To inform the efficient and sustainable development of the coal industry, this paper analyzes the sources of strategic risk for coal science and technology enterprises using 3 first-class indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 37 observation points established through the existing research literature and experience. Moreover, in accordance to the obtained initial index data, the selected indicators have been tested and screened using reliability and membership degree analyses to remove redundant variables, avoid juxtaposition of risk factors at different levels, and reduce the influ- ence of some tiny risk factors for enterprise strategic risk. Then, factor analysis of external environment factor sub-scale was carried out. Factors are extracted according to a standard characteristic value greater than 1. Variables with high coefficients are classified into one factor category; and finally, 3 first-class indicators. 8 second-level indicators, and 37 observation noints are reconstructed.展开更多
For a long time, private lending is the main channel for SME financing, and play an important role in solving the problem of SME financing.In addition,private lending also promotes the operation of private capital,whi...For a long time, private lending is the main channel for SME financing, and play an important role in solving the problem of SME financing.In addition,private lending also promotes the operation of private capital,which is conducive to the development of the national economy.This paper expound the development status of private lending, based on analysis of the SWOT, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of private lending and private lending opportunities and challenges in the process of legalization.In the end of this paper, the author proposes appropriate coping strategies to solve threats and weaknesses that may exist for the development of private lending.展开更多
For a nation, culture is not only the promotion and enhancement to the national spirit and the realm of life, but also an essential content and indispensable support force to achieve economic development, it is the im...For a nation, culture is not only the promotion and enhancement to the national spirit and the realm of life, but also an essential content and indispensable support force to achieve economic development, it is the important cause and prominent of the overall strength and the main carrier and specific embodiment of a nation's "soft power", besides, it also represents the degree of civilization, level of development and height of this nation. Culture and cultural industry endow with the modern culture with new meaning, it requires that at the time we achieve the prosperity and development of culture, we must actively explore and operate a scientific mechanism which is most able to release the energy of the culture and play cultural efficiency, and then develop the industrial pathway of the cultural. Cultural industry is a little different from the general industry. This causes the special natm-e of the cultural industry which is different from other industries. Different water and soil raised different people, inheriting national culture and developing cultural industry can be described as the unity of the three ones.展开更多
the issues on space design of commercial stores are the main social problems that people put forward to enjoy life after the development of the national market economy in recent period. Because of the restriction of s...the issues on space design of commercial stores are the main social problems that people put forward to enjoy life after the development of the national market economy in recent period. Because of the restriction of space structure and brand culture, the design rules of commercial stores' space have made changes of times. Taking consumers as the main body, the space of commercial stores has gradually focused on humanization and characterization.展开更多
Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Alth...Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Although the government has introduced a series of supportive policies, but small and micro enterprises arc still faced with many development problems, small and micro enterprises face an important problem is financing difficulty, which relates to its health, sustainable and stable development. This paper analyzes the financing problem of small and micro enterprises from the new net loan mode of P2B, hoping to benefit the development of small and micro enterprises.展开更多
This research is based on creative industry of sports culture of the U.K. Firstly, the literature research method is used to collect relevant authoritative economic data, and clarify and identify concepts of the sport...This research is based on creative industry of sports culture of the U.K. Firstly, the literature research method is used to collect relevant authoritative economic data, and clarify and identify concepts of the sports culture creative industry with the "rule of thirds" of creative industry of the U.K.; secondly, empirical research is conducted to describe an active and drive function of the 3 kinds of expansion effects-forward effect, bystander effect and backward effect on peripheral industries on sports industry and even national economy development by rapid development of the sports culture creative industry in the U.K.; thirdly, this paper figures out that the sports culture creative industry will become new economic growth, ixew development route for the sports industry in the future and new power for industrial structure optimization and upgrading; finally, the research outcome gives reference and guide to scientific development, transformation and upgrading of the sports industry of China in the new round of worlds' economic restructuring.展开更多
With rapid development of PetroChina's Qinghai Oilfield, engineering construction quality becomes more and more important in infrastructure construction of the oilfield. Generally speaking, engineering construction q...With rapid development of PetroChina's Qinghai Oilfield, engineering construction quality becomes more and more important in infrastructure construction of the oilfield. Generally speaking, engineering construction quality is related both to national economic development and safety of people and assets. To turn a design map into a materialized object, the construction project involves a large number of elements, such as design, materials, machinery, landform, geological factors, meteorological factors, construction process, technological measures and supervision system. Therefore, quality control holds the key to a construction project.展开更多
China is in a process of rapid urbanization. However, along with the dramatically economic growth, there constantly emerges environmental and social constraints which may be great challenges of China's future sustain...China is in a process of rapid urbanization. However, along with the dramatically economic growth, there constantly emerges environmental and social constraints which may be great challenges of China's future sustainable development. In order to optimize the developmental mode, the latest national plan, "The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2011-2015)", is establishing the "Main Function Zoning Strategy", which could be considered as a new prototype of national spatial plan and may cover all Chinese territories. Based on the latest "Main Function Zoning Strategy" stipulated in "The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2011-2015)", the article builds main interlinks between the spatial development strategy and urban regulatory planning. Secondly, regulation factors in Chinese regulatory planning, which may implement the task of main function zoning, have been clarified and categorized. For each regulation factor, its regulation capability is defined by applying a coding method developed by the author. Finally, according to the output of the study, the spatial regulation approaches to implementing the "Main Function Zoning Strategy" in Chinese regulatory planning are analyzed.展开更多
文摘To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic growth quality.As to economic growth ofa country,the improvementofthe productivity is extremely important.The growth of the output can be realized through two kinds of ways: increasing the quantity of factor input of or improving the efficiency of the input and output.There fore, the level of economic growth quality does not mainly depend on the amount of invested factor,but the importance of improving the productivity since resources are rare. The relative improvement of efficiency in use of the invested factor marks the economic growing quality.So,in order to understand the economic growth quality of China to some extent, it must analyze Chinese factor input and aggregative productivity. This is the main topic that this text will be probed into.
文摘2020 is the final year of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period and an intersection between the“two centennial goals.”It is also a vital year for drafting the 14th Five-year Plan and embarking on a new journey of socialist modernization.What socio-economic progress has China achieved during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and what are the opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for the 14th Five-Year Plan period?In May 2020,the China Economist conducted a questionnaire survey among economists.Results suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has achieved remarkable progress in the following areas:significant socio-economic development,deepening industry-ICT integration,and rapid growth of new economy;mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation,and enhanced R&D capabilities for cutting-edge technologies;green production and the abatement of air and water pollution;and poverty reduction.In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,opportunities co-exist with challenges for China’s socio-economic development,which brims with resiliency.Surveyed economists felt sanguine about China’s development outlook.Based on the results,surveyed economists believed that the Chinese government should focus on the following priorities during the 14th Five-Year Plan period:expediting industrial transition,strengthening the real economy,and exploring domestic consumption potentials;ramping up research in fundamental science,and accelerating the research of critical technologies;increasing equal access to basic public services;and promoting green development in all respects,including green consumption,production,distribution,innovation,and finance.
文摘Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December, 1992, totaling 653 km with the designed annual traffic volume of 1×108 t. In order to meet the demands of national economic development, the transport capacity of the line must be enhanced greatly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR, for the first time in the world,realizes the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4 locomotive. Meanwhile, CR develops equipment portfolio for heavy-haul through combining 2 high power locomotives of HXD series (means harmony) with controllable EOT. Relying on integration and innovation, it succeeds in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line, which tripled the annual traffic volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 70803034)
文摘This paper focuses on the economic development and urban morphology as well as its impact on the transportation system during the urban expansion of Shanghai in the last more than 20 years(1986-2008).Based on data from 3 comprehensive transport surveys of Shanghai since 1986,the changes in residential trip demand,vehicle use,and the spatial distribution of trips were studied to understand the demands on the transportation system.The factors contributing to those changes in transportation demand were discussed,by which the conclusions were arrived:1) economic development promotes population growth and stimulates residential trip demand greatly;2) unsynchronized migration of population and job from central district to periphery district of Shanghai make trips and congestion diffuse in the same way;and 3) urban sprawl from a city center encourages the single-occupant vehicle mode,which imposes greater pressure on the roadway system.It is concluded that urban development should coordinate with the transportation system planning and expansion.
基金financed by BK21 Research Foundation,South Korea
文摘Sustainable development,a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust,has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models.However,the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate.On the one hand,differing from traditional economic developmental models,economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development'.On the other hand,current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development.Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries.Lastly,instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental-protection policies,it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development'.
基金supported by the second innovation base project of philosophy and social science of 985 Engineering of the Central University for Nationalities (Grant No. CUN-985-3)
文摘On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socio-economic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socio-economic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, re-gional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines..
文摘Coal occupies a dominant position in China's national economy and is an essential energy source for future industrial development. To inform the efficient and sustainable development of the coal industry, this paper analyzes the sources of strategic risk for coal science and technology enterprises using 3 first-class indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 37 observation points established through the existing research literature and experience. Moreover, in accordance to the obtained initial index data, the selected indicators have been tested and screened using reliability and membership degree analyses to remove redundant variables, avoid juxtaposition of risk factors at different levels, and reduce the influ- ence of some tiny risk factors for enterprise strategic risk. Then, factor analysis of external environment factor sub-scale was carried out. Factors are extracted according to a standard characteristic value greater than 1. Variables with high coefficients are classified into one factor category; and finally, 3 first-class indicators. 8 second-level indicators, and 37 observation noints are reconstructed.
文摘For a long time, private lending is the main channel for SME financing, and play an important role in solving the problem of SME financing.In addition,private lending also promotes the operation of private capital,which is conducive to the development of the national economy.This paper expound the development status of private lending, based on analysis of the SWOT, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of private lending and private lending opportunities and challenges in the process of legalization.In the end of this paper, the author proposes appropriate coping strategies to solve threats and weaknesses that may exist for the development of private lending.
文摘For a nation, culture is not only the promotion and enhancement to the national spirit and the realm of life, but also an essential content and indispensable support force to achieve economic development, it is the important cause and prominent of the overall strength and the main carrier and specific embodiment of a nation's "soft power", besides, it also represents the degree of civilization, level of development and height of this nation. Culture and cultural industry endow with the modern culture with new meaning, it requires that at the time we achieve the prosperity and development of culture, we must actively explore and operate a scientific mechanism which is most able to release the energy of the culture and play cultural efficiency, and then develop the industrial pathway of the cultural. Cultural industry is a little different from the general industry. This causes the special natm-e of the cultural industry which is different from other industries. Different water and soil raised different people, inheriting national culture and developing cultural industry can be described as the unity of the three ones.
文摘the issues on space design of commercial stores are the main social problems that people put forward to enjoy life after the development of the national market economy in recent period. Because of the restriction of space structure and brand culture, the design rules of commercial stores' space have made changes of times. Taking consumers as the main body, the space of commercial stores has gradually focused on humanization and characterization.
文摘Small and micro enterprises play an extremely important role in the realization of employment, independent innovation,increasing taxes and so on, It is an important part of national economic development in China. Although the government has introduced a series of supportive policies, but small and micro enterprises arc still faced with many development problems, small and micro enterprises face an important problem is financing difficulty, which relates to its health, sustainable and stable development. This paper analyzes the financing problem of small and micro enterprises from the new net loan mode of P2B, hoping to benefit the development of small and micro enterprises.
文摘This research is based on creative industry of sports culture of the U.K. Firstly, the literature research method is used to collect relevant authoritative economic data, and clarify and identify concepts of the sports culture creative industry with the "rule of thirds" of creative industry of the U.K.; secondly, empirical research is conducted to describe an active and drive function of the 3 kinds of expansion effects-forward effect, bystander effect and backward effect on peripheral industries on sports industry and even national economy development by rapid development of the sports culture creative industry in the U.K.; thirdly, this paper figures out that the sports culture creative industry will become new economic growth, ixew development route for the sports industry in the future and new power for industrial structure optimization and upgrading; finally, the research outcome gives reference and guide to scientific development, transformation and upgrading of the sports industry of China in the new round of worlds' economic restructuring.
文摘With rapid development of PetroChina's Qinghai Oilfield, engineering construction quality becomes more and more important in infrastructure construction of the oilfield. Generally speaking, engineering construction quality is related both to national economic development and safety of people and assets. To turn a design map into a materialized object, the construction project involves a large number of elements, such as design, materials, machinery, landform, geological factors, meteorological factors, construction process, technological measures and supervision system. Therefore, quality control holds the key to a construction project.
文摘China is in a process of rapid urbanization. However, along with the dramatically economic growth, there constantly emerges environmental and social constraints which may be great challenges of China's future sustainable development. In order to optimize the developmental mode, the latest national plan, "The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2011-2015)", is establishing the "Main Function Zoning Strategy", which could be considered as a new prototype of national spatial plan and may cover all Chinese territories. Based on the latest "Main Function Zoning Strategy" stipulated in "The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2011-2015)", the article builds main interlinks between the spatial development strategy and urban regulatory planning. Secondly, regulation factors in Chinese regulatory planning, which may implement the task of main function zoning, have been clarified and categorized. For each regulation factor, its regulation capability is defined by applying a coding method developed by the author. Finally, according to the output of the study, the spatial regulation approaches to implementing the "Main Function Zoning Strategy" in Chinese regulatory planning are analyzed.