In this paper, two kinds of models are presented and optimized for project investment risk income on the basis of probability χ distribution. One kind of model being proved has only a maximal value and another kind b...In this paper, two kinds of models are presented and optimized for project investment risk income on the basis of probability χ distribution. One kind of model being proved has only a maximal value and another kind being proved has no extreme values.展开更多
In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of...In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of end-of-life vehicles ,the validity of the recycle economy model and good recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle engine were justified. It is concluded that ① remanufacture-ability of the part or component of the vehicles; ② the organization and management level of a recycle corporation; ③ policies and regulations of the government are crucial factors to raise the recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle.展开更多
China' s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural ...China' s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China' s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.展开更多
China's current economic transformation has its historical reasons and its urgent need of change. With over 30 years of reform and opening-up, China's economy experienced high-speed growth for a sustained period, bu...China's current economic transformation has its historical reasons and its urgent need of change. With over 30 years of reform and opening-up, China's economy experienced high-speed growth for a sustained period, but China is still confronted with many obstacles which call for immediate attention, such as shortage of resources, deterioration of the environment, structural imbalance, and intensified social conflict. If these problems persist, an ominous future would not be avoided unless an economic transformation was in effect. As China's economic power and international influence increase, its economic transformation will significantly impact not only its domestic economy, but also the world economy. This article analyzes the transformation of China's economy from an international perspective, particularly focuses on the relationship between China's transformation and the economies of most developed countries (e.g., United States and EU) by comparing data and analyzing impacts caused by each other. At the end, the article will provide some suggestions for further research.展开更多
Budget hotels, as an emerging hotel model, were started and attained a rapid development in China in the last ten years, and have proven to be important part of China抯 hotel industry. As competitions in the hotel ind...Budget hotels, as an emerging hotel model, were started and attained a rapid development in China in the last ten years, and have proven to be important part of China抯 hotel industry. As competitions in the hotel industry become increasingly fiercer, budget hotel brands launch a fight for seizing more market share. Therefore, it is necessary for Xuchang Jinjiang INN as a famous hotel brand to be distinguished from the hotel product strategies of the developed economic areas in the development environment of the small and medium-sized tourism cities, so as to adapt to the characteristics of regional market.展开更多
This paper uses regression analysis and econometric modeling foundations to track public expenditures in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Fejesova, 2011) and their influences on the development of the fol...This paper uses regression analysis and econometric modeling foundations to track public expenditures in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Fejesova, 2011) and their influences on the development of the following two targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy: to increase the employment of the selected population groups to a predetermined percentage level and to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty. In addition to the selection of monitored indicators, we included other indicators from the social sphere, which are funded by mandatory national public expenditure budgets and which are expected to have a positive development in terms of improving the demographic structure of the country--the unemployment rate and the number of live births.展开更多
Economic decide taxes and taxes have an adverse effect on the economy. To achieve a sustained development of economy, we must require the taxes which are closely related to economy meet the requirements of its own dev...Economic decide taxes and taxes have an adverse effect on the economy. To achieve a sustained development of economy, we must require the taxes which are closely related to economy meet the requirements of its own development. That is tax receipts raised by government meeting functional needs as much as possible, while reducing the facts that will damage the future needs and development of economy. Therefore, we need to analyze various factors that affect revenue. If we make a very good understanding on how structure impacting on tax revenues, that will help us to use policy tools tax making impacts on revenue and optimize the structure of the tax. For this theme, many domestic scholars have done correlation research, and their research paper provides a good reference, but we believe their research can be further refined. Through theoretical analysis, we can select appropriate indicators letting tax revenue to be explained variable. Each possible influencing factor of tax revenues establish measurement model for explaining variable using stepwise regression models, and make a rigorous statistical test on the model. On the base of fully proving the effectiveness of the model, we can make relevant economic analysis.展开更多
This paper addresses to the problem of using SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1 as a means for building probabilistic models and as optimum method of modeling gross domestic product in terms of the economic crisis and social th...This paper addresses to the problem of using SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1 as a means for building probabilistic models and as optimum method of modeling gross domestic product in terms of the economic crisis and social threats is proposed. Today in a complex socio-political and economic situation growing influence of external factors, presence of uncertainties and risks there exists a problem of anticipating potential threats in the humanitarian and social spheres and ways to overcome them aiming to provide food security and controllability of ecological situation. All these problems, as reported in the NATO program "Science for Peace and Security", are of high priority for the countries that need to take into account threats to security, including Ukraine. That is why in the framework of the project NUKR. SFPP G4877 "Modeling and Mitigation of Social Disasters Caused by Catastrophes and Terrorism" the problems of scientific prediction of national economy for the period to 2030 as one of the measures preventing growth of social tension in the country are disclosed.展开更多
The basic contradiction of socialist society is still a contradiction between the relations of production and productivity, the superstructure and the economic base. This contradiction is concentrated in the productio...The basic contradiction of socialist society is still a contradiction between the relations of production and productivity, the superstructure and the economic base. This contradiction is concentrated in the production relations and a series of interconnected links and aspects in the superstructure that don't match the development of the productivity, these links and they are concentrated in the economic system. Therefore, reforming the economic system is to reform the production relations and a series of interconnected links and aspects in the superstructure that don't match the development of the productivity under the premise of adhering to the basic system of socialism. This re^brm is a self-improvement and development of the socialist system in order to promote the development of the socialist productive forces and the development of socialist modernization greatly.展开更多
There are three different orientations of the macroeconomic policies,namely,factor-expansion,prudent-continuation and structural-adjustment.The paper uses the dynamic CGE model to simulate the effects of the three dif...There are three different orientations of the macroeconomic policies,namely,factor-expansion,prudent-continuation and structural-adjustment.The paper uses the dynamic CGE model to simulate the effects of the three different orientations on the economy,and arrives at the following conclusions:while the factor-expansion policies can lead to growth of economic output,they also result in the further imbalance in the industrial structure and the "crowding-out effect" on the private investment.In addition,such growth is unsustainable in the long run;the growth of the industrial economy will decline rapidly to a lower level after reaching a certain high level.The prudent-continuation policies refer to the continuation of the current policies that sustain the current trends of the industrial economy,and such policies reduce the growth of the industrial economy to a lower level in the long run.The structural-adjustment policies reduce the economic output at the current stage;however,it can bring a gradual improvement of industrial structure and a balance of the supply and demand.In the long run,the optimized structure will improve the total factor productivity(TFP) and the production-possibility frontier,and thereby realize a longterm steady and rapid growth of the industrial economy.Four policy recommendations are proposed based on the simulation of the models,including taking the structural adjustment as the fundamental orientation of macroeconomic policies,lowering the "floor level" of economic growth with macro regulation,giving play to the fundamental role of market mechanism in structural adjustment and increasing the role of TFP in the growth of the industrial economy.展开更多
During the past decades, the transformation of the labor market has significantly impacted on workers' wage structures and their employment in China. Along with the widening wage gaps and the growing income inequalit...During the past decades, the transformation of the labor market has significantly impacted on workers' wage structures and their employment in China. Along with the widening wage gaps and the growing income inequalities, the size of non-standard jobs expanded rapidly in China's urban labor market. As a result of this, the concept of working poor has become increasingly applicable to social and labor market realities in China, Based on the household survey data and by using quantitative analysis, this paper attempts to examine the interaction between the compulsory minimum wage standards and the working poor in the period of China's economic transition. The results show that for those whose monthly wages higher than the compulsory minimum wage standards were less likely to work poor and that workers with wages lower than the minimum wage floor were vulnerable to working poor, which supported the expectation that the implementation of compulsory minimum wages would help to reduce the risk of being a member among the working poor in China's urban labor market.展开更多
The main purpose of this article is to perform a technical-economic analysis of different microgeneration systems (photovoltaic and wind turbine systems) that can be installed in a single-family house. One of the st...The main purpose of this article is to perform a technical-economic analysis of different microgeneration systems (photovoltaic and wind turbine systems) that can be installed in a single-family house. One of the strategies for improving energy performance of buildings is the installation of microgeneration systems. This will enable Portugal to meet the goal regarding the share of renewable sources on gross final energy consumption imposed by the European Commission climate change and energy package for 2020. The analysis of four different micro-generation systems will take into account the local availability of renewable resources and market technologies and the new Portuguese law concerning microgeneration to promote renewable energy sources in households. The Portuguese microgeneration legal framework is also highlighted.展开更多
The objective of this research is to show a new methodology for modeling phenomena present in complex economic systems. The case study we analyzed is the adoption of open organization model among firms operating in a ...The objective of this research is to show a new methodology for modeling phenomena present in complex economic systems. The case study we analyzed is the adoption of open organization model among firms operating in a particular industry. A firm with an open system model creates and captures value taking advantage not only from the internal resource but also from external. The organization could approach to open model acquisition using different focus: external focus namely looking out of its boundary, acting and reacting to competitor innovation, costumers' changing, demand growth, or internal focus remaining inside its boundary improving its best capabilities ignoring what happened outside (Vagnani, Moran, & Simoni, 2010). The actors involved are firms, customers and suppliers linked together through a business to business model. The methodology is based on an Object-Oriented Analysis Field Model that allows to intuitively describe systems characterized by a large number of objects that interact, as in this case of a system composed by different organizational entities. The system simulation allows to analyze how the actors influence the acquisition and diffusion of the open organization model. This approach permits the generation of different classes of objects to represent all actors involved in the evolution of the system and to define the dynamics that determine their interaction. The solution of the model can be approximated using the Mean-Field analysis technique (Kurtz, 1978), following the results proposed in Bobbio, Gribaudo, and Yelek (2008). A qualitative result is illustrated in order to show the applicability of the proposed methodology and to emphasize its relevant features: flexible modeling approach, capacity of solving complex systems and output management facilities. The presented model is comprehensive and its scope is wide; it could be used to study the behavior of enterprises changing model in many different scenarios and situations. In future works quantitative results will be given, and different situations will be analyzed.展开更多
This paper examined the method to evaluate structural complexity of circular economy system's industrial chain, which applied entropy information and hierarchical metrics to produce complexity degrees according to th...This paper examined the method to evaluate structural complexity of circular economy system's industrial chain, which applied entropy information and hierarchical metrics to produce complexity degrees according to the theory of complex system. We developed an evaluation model to make a general metrics for circular economy system of industrial chains. The development of the evaluation tree drew upon five factors to identify the structural complexity. The evaluation model generated unitive entropy information from six data definition (node, level of community, metabolic span, degree of node, number of relation and connectivity of node) according to the evaluation tree. The industrial chains of Tashan circular economy park of Datong Coal Mine Group and Gujiao circular economy park of Xishan Coal-Electricity Group were evaluated by the proposed method. The key factors stunted by the decline of structural complexity were identified and the unitive metrics of entropy information of the industrial chain was shown for realigning the circular economy systems.展开更多
文摘In this paper, two kinds of models are presented and optimized for project investment risk income on the basis of probability χ distribution. One kind of model being proved has only a maximal value and another kind being proved has no extreme values.
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.50235030)
文摘In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of end-of-life vehicles ,the validity of the recycle economy model and good recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle engine were justified. It is concluded that ① remanufacture-ability of the part or component of the vehicles; ② the organization and management level of a recycle corporation; ③ policies and regulations of the government are crucial factors to raise the recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle.
文摘China' s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China' s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.
文摘China's current economic transformation has its historical reasons and its urgent need of change. With over 30 years of reform and opening-up, China's economy experienced high-speed growth for a sustained period, but China is still confronted with many obstacles which call for immediate attention, such as shortage of resources, deterioration of the environment, structural imbalance, and intensified social conflict. If these problems persist, an ominous future would not be avoided unless an economic transformation was in effect. As China's economic power and international influence increase, its economic transformation will significantly impact not only its domestic economy, but also the world economy. This article analyzes the transformation of China's economy from an international perspective, particularly focuses on the relationship between China's transformation and the economies of most developed countries (e.g., United States and EU) by comparing data and analyzing impacts caused by each other. At the end, the article will provide some suggestions for further research.
文摘Budget hotels, as an emerging hotel model, were started and attained a rapid development in China in the last ten years, and have proven to be important part of China抯 hotel industry. As competitions in the hotel industry become increasingly fiercer, budget hotel brands launch a fight for seizing more market share. Therefore, it is necessary for Xuchang Jinjiang INN as a famous hotel brand to be distinguished from the hotel product strategies of the developed economic areas in the development environment of the small and medium-sized tourism cities, so as to adapt to the characteristics of regional market.
文摘This paper uses regression analysis and econometric modeling foundations to track public expenditures in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Fejesova, 2011) and their influences on the development of the following two targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy: to increase the employment of the selected population groups to a predetermined percentage level and to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty. In addition to the selection of monitored indicators, we included other indicators from the social sphere, which are funded by mandatory national public expenditure budgets and which are expected to have a positive development in terms of improving the demographic structure of the country--the unemployment rate and the number of live births.
文摘Economic decide taxes and taxes have an adverse effect on the economy. To achieve a sustained development of economy, we must require the taxes which are closely related to economy meet the requirements of its own development. That is tax receipts raised by government meeting functional needs as much as possible, while reducing the facts that will damage the future needs and development of economy. Therefore, we need to analyze various factors that affect revenue. If we make a very good understanding on how structure impacting on tax revenues, that will help us to use policy tools tax making impacts on revenue and optimize the structure of the tax. For this theme, many domestic scholars have done correlation research, and their research paper provides a good reference, but we believe their research can be further refined. Through theoretical analysis, we can select appropriate indicators letting tax revenue to be explained variable. Each possible influencing factor of tax revenues establish measurement model for explaining variable using stepwise regression models, and make a rigorous statistical test on the model. On the base of fully proving the effectiveness of the model, we can make relevant economic analysis.
文摘This paper addresses to the problem of using SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1 as a means for building probabilistic models and as optimum method of modeling gross domestic product in terms of the economic crisis and social threats is proposed. Today in a complex socio-political and economic situation growing influence of external factors, presence of uncertainties and risks there exists a problem of anticipating potential threats in the humanitarian and social spheres and ways to overcome them aiming to provide food security and controllability of ecological situation. All these problems, as reported in the NATO program "Science for Peace and Security", are of high priority for the countries that need to take into account threats to security, including Ukraine. That is why in the framework of the project NUKR. SFPP G4877 "Modeling and Mitigation of Social Disasters Caused by Catastrophes and Terrorism" the problems of scientific prediction of national economy for the period to 2030 as one of the measures preventing growth of social tension in the country are disclosed.
文摘The basic contradiction of socialist society is still a contradiction between the relations of production and productivity, the superstructure and the economic base. This contradiction is concentrated in the production relations and a series of interconnected links and aspects in the superstructure that don't match the development of the productivity, these links and they are concentrated in the economic system. Therefore, reforming the economic system is to reform the production relations and a series of interconnected links and aspects in the superstructure that don't match the development of the productivity under the premise of adhering to the basic system of socialism. This re^brm is a self-improvement and development of the socialist system in order to promote the development of the socialist productive forces and the development of socialist modernization greatly.
文摘There are three different orientations of the macroeconomic policies,namely,factor-expansion,prudent-continuation and structural-adjustment.The paper uses the dynamic CGE model to simulate the effects of the three different orientations on the economy,and arrives at the following conclusions:while the factor-expansion policies can lead to growth of economic output,they also result in the further imbalance in the industrial structure and the "crowding-out effect" on the private investment.In addition,such growth is unsustainable in the long run;the growth of the industrial economy will decline rapidly to a lower level after reaching a certain high level.The prudent-continuation policies refer to the continuation of the current policies that sustain the current trends of the industrial economy,and such policies reduce the growth of the industrial economy to a lower level in the long run.The structural-adjustment policies reduce the economic output at the current stage;however,it can bring a gradual improvement of industrial structure and a balance of the supply and demand.In the long run,the optimized structure will improve the total factor productivity(TFP) and the production-possibility frontier,and thereby realize a longterm steady and rapid growth of the industrial economy.Four policy recommendations are proposed based on the simulation of the models,including taking the structural adjustment as the fundamental orientation of macroeconomic policies,lowering the "floor level" of economic growth with macro regulation,giving play to the fundamental role of market mechanism in structural adjustment and increasing the role of TFP in the growth of the industrial economy.
文摘During the past decades, the transformation of the labor market has significantly impacted on workers' wage structures and their employment in China. Along with the widening wage gaps and the growing income inequalities, the size of non-standard jobs expanded rapidly in China's urban labor market. As a result of this, the concept of working poor has become increasingly applicable to social and labor market realities in China, Based on the household survey data and by using quantitative analysis, this paper attempts to examine the interaction between the compulsory minimum wage standards and the working poor in the period of China's economic transition. The results show that for those whose monthly wages higher than the compulsory minimum wage standards were less likely to work poor and that workers with wages lower than the minimum wage floor were vulnerable to working poor, which supported the expectation that the implementation of compulsory minimum wages would help to reduce the risk of being a member among the working poor in China's urban labor market.
文摘The main purpose of this article is to perform a technical-economic analysis of different microgeneration systems (photovoltaic and wind turbine systems) that can be installed in a single-family house. One of the strategies for improving energy performance of buildings is the installation of microgeneration systems. This will enable Portugal to meet the goal regarding the share of renewable sources on gross final energy consumption imposed by the European Commission climate change and energy package for 2020. The analysis of four different micro-generation systems will take into account the local availability of renewable resources and market technologies and the new Portuguese law concerning microgeneration to promote renewable energy sources in households. The Portuguese microgeneration legal framework is also highlighted.
文摘The objective of this research is to show a new methodology for modeling phenomena present in complex economic systems. The case study we analyzed is the adoption of open organization model among firms operating in a particular industry. A firm with an open system model creates and captures value taking advantage not only from the internal resource but also from external. The organization could approach to open model acquisition using different focus: external focus namely looking out of its boundary, acting and reacting to competitor innovation, costumers' changing, demand growth, or internal focus remaining inside its boundary improving its best capabilities ignoring what happened outside (Vagnani, Moran, & Simoni, 2010). The actors involved are firms, customers and suppliers linked together through a business to business model. The methodology is based on an Object-Oriented Analysis Field Model that allows to intuitively describe systems characterized by a large number of objects that interact, as in this case of a system composed by different organizational entities. The system simulation allows to analyze how the actors influence the acquisition and diffusion of the open organization model. This approach permits the generation of different classes of objects to represent all actors involved in the evolution of the system and to define the dynamics that determine their interaction. The solution of the model can be approximated using the Mean-Field analysis technique (Kurtz, 1978), following the results proposed in Bobbio, Gribaudo, and Yelek (2008). A qualitative result is illustrated in order to show the applicability of the proposed methodology and to emphasize its relevant features: flexible modeling approach, capacity of solving complex systems and output management facilities. The presented model is comprehensive and its scope is wide; it could be used to study the behavior of enterprises changing model in many different scenarios and situations. In future works quantitative results will be given, and different situations will be analyzed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70771060) the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Y2006H10) the Project of Humanities and Social Science (11YJA630101)
文摘This paper examined the method to evaluate structural complexity of circular economy system's industrial chain, which applied entropy information and hierarchical metrics to produce complexity degrees according to the theory of complex system. We developed an evaluation model to make a general metrics for circular economy system of industrial chains. The development of the evaluation tree drew upon five factors to identify the structural complexity. The evaluation model generated unitive entropy information from six data definition (node, level of community, metabolic span, degree of node, number of relation and connectivity of node) according to the evaluation tree. The industrial chains of Tashan circular economy park of Datong Coal Mine Group and Gujiao circular economy park of Xishan Coal-Electricity Group were evaluated by the proposed method. The key factors stunted by the decline of structural complexity were identified and the unitive metrics of entropy information of the industrial chain was shown for realigning the circular economy systems.