The 1989 and following years were the periods in which many important economic and political tumovers took place in the world. That was the time when Berlin Wall fell down with scattering the Eastern block and many po...The 1989 and following years were the periods in which many important economic and political tumovers took place in the world. That was the time when Berlin Wall fell down with scattering the Eastern block and many politically independent states came into being, at the same time, ongoing about 70 years socialist system also started to change into liberal system. The constituted 27 states in 1991 were tended to liberal economic system instead of socialist economy, and these states were called as transition economies. In this study, the relationship between indebtedness and growth rate of transition countries were analyzed by panel autoregressive distributed lag model （ARDL）. Before panel ARDL application, stationary properties of the variables have been checked with first and second generation unit root test. For the second generation unit root tests, CADF tests have been used. Also cross section dependency has been examined by LM tests.展开更多
In the second half of the 1990s, South Korea has undergone dramatic changes called fetal movement of welfare state. However, after the foreign exchange crisis, members of the South Korean society are faced with unstab...In the second half of the 1990s, South Korea has undergone dramatic changes called fetal movement of welfare state. However, after the foreign exchange crisis, members of the South Korean society are faced with unstable employment and income instability, where the degree of risk of unemployment is higher than ever before. Deepening of globalization has a complex influence on social welfare development. Despite social welfare developing, the reasons of income inequality and more serious poverty are diverse. Developmentalism strategy since the 1960s in Korea has obvious limitations, which cannot continue to play an effective function according to changing internal and external conditions. In order to get rid of this situation, it should create a virtuous cycle of welfare and growth, and materialize the development strategy of the social welfare in the macro-economic and social development stratezv.展开更多
This paper proposes a comparison between the Chinese social-economic system of today and the economic planning system theorized by Enrico Barone in 1908, which described in his famous paper ＂The minister of productio...This paper proposes a comparison between the Chinese social-economic system of today and the economic planning system theorized by Enrico Barone in 1908, which described in his famous paper ＂The minister of production in the collectivist state＂. The work stems from a critical reflection on the premises of the capitalist market system. From Adam Smith to J. M. Keynes （included）, economists have identified in traditional capitalist models （search for maximum profit, economic efficiency, free competition system） the best economic system, universally implementable, feasible and infallible in democratic capitalist contexts. In the history of economic ideas have always been clear gap between the ＂capitalist system＂ and the ＂collectivist system＂. The choice of a government had to fall back on one or on the other system. The first considered ＂good＂, the second considered ＂bad＂ for economic growth. Times since September 11, 2001, however, seem to have debunked the myth of capitalism as the only model of democratic growth： Asia and China have given the world a lesson in humility. China has shown that although not being a democratic country could developed a robust and highly competitive economic model that has weakened the pillars of the western capitalism. China through Confucianism and Taoism has been able to establish the new global economic laws： low labour costs, low prices, mass production of low quality with a mixed mercantilist philosophy which is unknown to the Western world： the silent, smooth, radical trade expansion. As in a game of dominoes, China has been able to drop the capitalism safeties and America had to bow its head and agree to no longer be the only great power in the international scenario. But the peculiarity of this work is not only to define the root causes of China＇s success in the West; also reflects the fact that an Italian economist （Enrico Barone）, in 1908, predicted analytically and developed a theoretical system very similar to that of China nowadays, between capitalism and collectivism （a third way of the market）. The Asian culture has developed a market system that has proven to be accommodating to the needs of the capitalist market and to grasp the development opportunities that the same Western capitalism has offered.展开更多
To examine the directions and developmental process of China＇s socialist construction at a time when the Chinese economy is growing rapidly despite the current world economic crisis is an act of no ordinary significa...To examine the directions and developmental process of China＇s socialist construction at a time when the Chinese economy is growing rapidly despite the current world economic crisis is an act of no ordinary significance. Broadly speaking, China＇s sixty years of socialist construction can be divided into two phases： the first thirty years from 1949 to 1979 and the second thirty from 1979 to 2009. The first thirty years of China＇s socialist revolution and construction laid a solid foundation for the reform and opening up of the next thirty years, a period in which China＇s continued exploration of new directions led to spectacular achievements. History teaches us that the linchpin of building socialism is not whether you have a detailed blueprint for socialism, but whether you have a grand vision for understanding socialism and the courage to direct socialist construction. Although China today faces many problems and even grave challenges, we will open up an ever wider path for socialism with Chinese characteristics so long as our country adheres to the direction of socialism.展开更多
文摘The 1989 and following years were the periods in which many important economic and political tumovers took place in the world. That was the time when Berlin Wall fell down with scattering the Eastern block and many politically independent states came into being, at the same time, ongoing about 70 years socialist system also started to change into liberal system. The constituted 27 states in 1991 were tended to liberal economic system instead of socialist economy, and these states were called as transition economies. In this study, the relationship between indebtedness and growth rate of transition countries were analyzed by panel autoregressive distributed lag model （ARDL）. Before panel ARDL application, stationary properties of the variables have been checked with first and second generation unit root test. For the second generation unit root tests, CADF tests have been used. Also cross section dependency has been examined by LM tests.
文摘In the second half of the 1990s, South Korea has undergone dramatic changes called fetal movement of welfare state. However, after the foreign exchange crisis, members of the South Korean society are faced with unstable employment and income instability, where the degree of risk of unemployment is higher than ever before. Deepening of globalization has a complex influence on social welfare development. Despite social welfare developing, the reasons of income inequality and more serious poverty are diverse. Developmentalism strategy since the 1960s in Korea has obvious limitations, which cannot continue to play an effective function according to changing internal and external conditions. In order to get rid of this situation, it should create a virtuous cycle of welfare and growth, and materialize the development strategy of the social welfare in the macro-economic and social development stratezv.
文摘This paper proposes a comparison between the Chinese social-economic system of today and the economic planning system theorized by Enrico Barone in 1908, which described in his famous paper ＂The minister of production in the collectivist state＂. The work stems from a critical reflection on the premises of the capitalist market system. From Adam Smith to J. M. Keynes （included）, economists have identified in traditional capitalist models （search for maximum profit, economic efficiency, free competition system） the best economic system, universally implementable, feasible and infallible in democratic capitalist contexts. In the history of economic ideas have always been clear gap between the ＂capitalist system＂ and the ＂collectivist system＂. The choice of a government had to fall back on one or on the other system. The first considered ＂good＂, the second considered ＂bad＂ for economic growth. Times since September 11, 2001, however, seem to have debunked the myth of capitalism as the only model of democratic growth： Asia and China have given the world a lesson in humility. China has shown that although not being a democratic country could developed a robust and highly competitive economic model that has weakened the pillars of the western capitalism. China through Confucianism and Taoism has been able to establish the new global economic laws： low labour costs, low prices, mass production of low quality with a mixed mercantilist philosophy which is unknown to the Western world： the silent, smooth, radical trade expansion. As in a game of dominoes, China has been able to drop the capitalism safeties and America had to bow its head and agree to no longer be the only great power in the international scenario. But the peculiarity of this work is not only to define the root causes of China＇s success in the West; also reflects the fact that an Italian economist （Enrico Barone）, in 1908, predicted analytically and developed a theoretical system very similar to that of China nowadays, between capitalism and collectivism （a third way of the market）. The Asian culture has developed a market system that has proven to be accommodating to the needs of the capitalist market and to grasp the development opportunities that the same Western capitalism has offered.
文摘To examine the directions and developmental process of China＇s socialist construction at a time when the Chinese economy is growing rapidly despite the current world economic crisis is an act of no ordinary significance. Broadly speaking, China＇s sixty years of socialist construction can be divided into two phases： the first thirty years from 1949 to 1979 and the second thirty from 1979 to 2009. The first thirty years of China＇s socialist revolution and construction laid a solid foundation for the reform and opening up of the next thirty years, a period in which China＇s continued exploration of new directions led to spectacular achievements. History teaches us that the linchpin of building socialism is not whether you have a detailed blueprint for socialism, but whether you have a grand vision for understanding socialism and the courage to direct socialist construction. Although China today faces many problems and even grave challenges, we will open up an ever wider path for socialism with Chinese characteristics so long as our country adheres to the direction of socialism.
