房价、物价一高一低对经济运行的影响

房价和物价(居民消费价格)是在终端价格领域反映我国宏观经济运行状况的两个主要指标。但从2002年以来,这两个指标出现了一高一低、差距不断扩大的问题,即消费物价上涨并不明显,但房地产价格在相对长一段时间内上涨问题突出。一、房价、物价差距越来越大2002年以来出现的局部经济过热中,

WTO Analysis:What's in World Trade 2007?

World trade growth slid to 5.5 per- cent last year from 8.5 percent in 2006 and may grow even more slowly in 2008-at about 4.5 percent-as sharp economic deceleration in key developed countries is only partly offset by continuing strong growth in emerging economies。

Culture techniques and growth characteristics of Dinophysis acuminata and its prey

The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acurninata Claparede ＆ Lachrnann is a toxic alga that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. No Dinophysis species were maintained in culture for a long period of time until 2006 when Park successfully established D. acuminata in culture using a three-step feeding protocol in which the cryptophyte, Geminigera cryophila, is fed to Myrionecta rubra （=Mesodinium rubrum）, a ciliate that is in turn fed to D. acuminata. In this paper, we present the details of culturing D. acuminata from the Northeastern United States. The protocols described herein can be adopted for laboratory studies of this species. The effects of temperature on the growth and ingestion rates of D. acuminata were also examined. The results show that D. acuminata growth rate was 0.23/d at 10℃ and 0.11/d at 4℃when fed M. rubra prey. The maximum prey ingestion rate was 2.80 Dinophysis cell/d at 10℃, although the rate decreased slightly at 4℃. In overall, temperature showed a greater influence on growth rate of D. acuminata than on the ingestion rate under the study conditions, and the quantity of available food was also an important regulator to D. acurninata growth.

China’s Economic Growth and High-Quality Development:2020-2035

The time period between 2020 and 2035 is vital for China to achieve its second centennial goal.During this period,China must avoid the middle-income trap and achieve socialist modernization.To accomplish this goal,China must maintain a certain pace of economic growth and strive to double its real GDP per capita by 2035.However,by the current growth trajectory,China’s average economic growth rate is expected to stay at approximately 3.8%over the period between 2020-2035.This makes the GDP per capita growth target hard to achieve.Even when in a high-quality development stage,China should speed up economic growth while enhancing growth quality.Speed and quality are interdependent rather than contradictory with each other.To ramp up economic growth potentials,China must proceed with market-oriented reforms and shift economic growth drivers.To improve economic growth quality,household consumption should be increased to unleash China’s full potential,not only as the factory floor of the world but also one of world’s biggest markets,i.e.“dual circulations.”With appropriate policy response,China’s economy will be poised to achieve the goal of doubling real GDP per capita by 2035,marking a large stride in its economic aggregate and urban and rural household per capita incomes.

‘Middle-Income Trap’ and ‘High-Income Waft＇： Challenges and Opportunities to China

The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.

The effects of land market development on economic growth: an empirical analysis based on Chinese panel data,1999-2005

Optimized land resources allocation is important for economic growth because land is one of the basic elements for economic development. And urban land resources allocation has had an increasingly important influence since the Chinese socialist market economy system was established. This paper estimates the production function of both the secondary and the tertiary industries of China＇s 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government through an analysis of the panel data of the total output value of the secondary and the tertiary industries, invested capital, invested labor jorces and the land market-jeatured management of the above-mentioned regions during the period of 1999-2005. and examines the positive influence of the above- mentioned factors on regional economic output, This study concludes that urban economic output is positively related with the level of urban land resources market-featured management, since the rate of economic growth of those regions approximates 14. 7% under the condition of urban land market running during the period of 1999-2005.

国人新型消费观的构建研究

在世界经济衰退的今天,中国的经济结构也发生了一定的变化。在这样的经济背景下,国人是否还应该墨守成规,抱着固有的消费模式不放手呢?答案是否定的。该文通过研究中国现在的消费观念,找出其中影响经济发展的不利消费观,并且提出了符合时代需求的中国消费观,设想了改变消费观念的理性手段,为加快中国经济增长出一份力。

Elasticity Ratio of Resource Consumption and the Resource Consumption

Today the resources are becoming scarcer, which should not be regarded as unexhausted any more. Correspondingly, the production would be constrained by the scarcity of resources clearly. Then the economic researchers would pay much more attention to reducing the consumption of natural resources in the future. Therefore this paper brings foreword the conception of elasticity ratio of resource consumption based on the concept of elasticity and analyzes the relationship between the parameters. For the certain relationships between the elasticity ratio of resource consumption and resource consumption, this paper will try to reveal, to keep economy growing while resource consumption reducing, what conditions should be met as to the relationships among resource productivity, its growth rate, energy saving efficiency, economic growth rate and elasticity ratio of resource consumption. This paper proves the relationship between the China＇s energy consumption and economy growth using statistic data from 1978 to 2003.

Don＇t Overlook GDP and Investment： An Analysis of China＇s Current Economic Trend

In this paper, we first examine various causes of China＇s unexpected low economic growth rate since the beginning of 2012. Particularly, we propose the possibility of one tendency masking the other tendency. That is, there is a tendency of neglecting and downplaying GDP while making fewer efforts to develop economy in some regions that oppose GDP worship and irrational pursuit of and competition for GDP,, which deserves our full attention. We further propose in this paper that the decline of China＇s potential economic growth rate should keep a gradual process and the government should favor consumption while not overlooking investment, given that a certain amount of moderate investment will remain the key impetus to China＇s economic growth over a certain period in the future.

China＇s Economic Growth Cycles over the Past 60 Years and the Current New Cycle

This paper first summarizes China＇s economic growth rate fluctuations over the past 60 years since 1949 and examines the new developments in China＇s economic structure behind these fluctuations since reform and opening-up in the late 1970s.In tackling the global financial crisis,China is embracing a new economic cycle and must draw upon its economic history to prolong the upward momentum in the new cycle.To do so means maintaining an appropriate growth rate in the new cycle.This paper also analyzes the importance urbanization and the housing sector will play in the new cycle and how to address rising housing prices.

How China＇s Fiscal Policy Contributes to Investment and Economic Growth： Experience and Lessons

This paper （1） discusses how the two indicators used in official statistics of China, namely total investment in fixed assets and the gross fixed capital formation, reflect changes infixed asset investment and their relationship, （2） analyzes the growth of fixed asset investment and its contribution to changes of economic growth rate since the reform and opening-up, and （3） explains how fiscal policy impacts the growth of fixed asset investment and analyzes in detail the impacts of the two rounds of contractionary fiscal policy, two rounds of expansionary fiscal policy and one round of neutral fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment growth since reform and opening-up using full and accurate data. Practice shows that the impact of fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment is direct and obvious, yet sometimes too drastic. In the future, fiscal policy should be used in alignment with other economic policies with appropriate intensity and timing so that it will help stabilize the growth of fixed asset investment.

Effects of Labor Allocation Distortion and Distortion-Free Scenarios on Industrial Output in China——An Empirical Study Based on Data of Production Industry Sectors

This paper aims to investigate the effects of labor allocation distortions and various levels of distortion-free labor allocation on social output in China's primary,secondary and tertiary industries.Theoretical model creation and empirical study have led us to the following findings:the quantity of workforce in China's primary industry exceeds the quantity of workforce under the scenario of distortion-free labor allocation and the same is generally true for China's tertiary industry.However,the quantity of labor allocation in secondary industry is significantly below the level of distortion-free allocation but the share of allocation distortion overall tends to decline.Labor allocation distortions for various sectors are mainly caused by intra-sectoral allocation distortions and sectoral wage differences,of which the effect of internal distortion factor is the most obvious.In terms of total output,the eliminations of total distortion,wage difference distortion and internal allocation distortion will all cause total social output to exceed original output,and labor reallocation accompanying capital change will not only bring about a further increase of output but may offset the defects of limited potentials of labor resources reallocation.Growth rates with the eliminations of wage difference distortion,internal allocation distortion and superimposed factor can basically explain for the growth rates with the elimination of all distortions.Given this background,it is necessary to take effective measures at an early date to reduce China s labor allocation distortions and improve overall economic efficiency.

Optimum Density of Standings and Schemes of Tomato Plants Placement in Uzbekistan

This article reports the results of researches by definition of optimum schemes of accommodation and density standings of tomatoes in 2009-2011 in conditions of Tashkent area of Republic Uzbekistan. Experiences were spent with domestic sorts Uzbekistan and Shark Yulduzi. The following schemes of accommodation and plants of density standing were tested： 70×30 cm and 90×23 cm at density of standing of 47,619 plants/hectares; 70×35 cm and 90×27 cm, 40,816 plants/hectares; 70×40 cm and 90×31 cm, 35,774 plants/hectares. The area of one plant feeding was 0.21, 0.245 and 0.28 ms. Schemes of accommodation and the area of plant feeding within the limits of the tested parameters do not render essential effect upon speed of plant development. Some acceleration （for 1-2 days） introductions into flowering are noted only at increase in the area of plant feeding with 0.21 ms up to 0.28 m^2. It was established that granting to plants of the greater feeding area as due to increase in distance between plants in the lines, and increases in row width strengthens growth of an elevated vegetative part of plants, especially due to increase amount of lateral branches. The greatest general and commodity harvest and the largest fruits sort ＂Uzbekistan＂ forms at density of standing in 40,816 plants/hectares, at schemes 90×27 cm and 70×35 cm, and more compact sort ＂Shark Yulduzi＂ at density of standing of 47,619 plants/hectares and the scheme 90×23 cm.

The price analysis of Chinese high-speed economic growth

Accelerating economic development in various countries today is the common demands. In the past 20 years, China created an economic development miracle, but also highlighted the depletion of resources, the deterioration of ecological, unfair distribution, the income gap and other social issues. The article analyses the causes of the price and the countermeasures.

The Convergence Analysis on the Economic Growth and Energy Intensity Gap between Regional Sectors

In this paper,the authors have analyzed the relationship between energy intensity gap and GDP per worker gap of China's western and eastern provinces over the period 1997-2006.Using panel data model with lag adjustment,taking the above provinces and six industrial sectors (agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,construction industry,transport,storage and post & telecommunications,wholesale and retail trades & catering industry,and other sectors of tertiary industry.) as the investigated subjects,the authors have conducted empirical study on the convergence of GDP per worker gap and the convergence of energy intensity gap with respect to the variation of GDP per worker gap,and have concluded that:First,the GDP per worker gap of the six industrial sectors and provinces are convergent,and of this,the convergence rate of GDP per worker gap of Construction Industry is the fastest,while that of Industry is the slowest.Second,the overall energy intensity gap between eastern and western provinces is convergent,that is,with the narrowing of GDP per worker gap between eastern and western provinces,the energy intensity gap converges,but its convergence rate is slower than that of GDP per worker gap.Third,energy intensity gap between various industrial sectors of the east and the west is either convergent or divergent,and there are differences.The energy intensity gap of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,and construction industry is convergent,while that of the other three industrial sectors is divergent.Fourth,the convergence of the overall energy intensity of the western provinces is not in conformity with the convergence of the various industrial sectors,and there are significant differences,indicating that the western provinces and autonomous regions should take measures to more effectively improve their overall energy utilization efficiency at the industrial sector level.

China＇s Transition Phase and Long-Term Development Path, Efficiency and Growth Rates

This paper examines the transition of growth stage China is about to experience and the main conclusions are as follows： （1） Phase Ⅰ of economic growth driven by investment and export is losing the momentum of efficiency enhancement through intervention and the growth stage of efficiency enhancement through structural adjustment is coming to an end. Urbanization and the development of service sector will inaugurate Phase Ⅱ of stable economic growth characterized by structural optimization through efficiency enhancement; （2） Three leading factors promoting the transition from Phase Ⅰ to Phase Ⅱ include： demographic changes and the emergence of workforce turning point, the reversion of factor elasticity parameters of long-term growth function, and service-oriented economic structure; （3） Developed provinces and municipalities in east China have already entered into the channel of economic deceleration. With increasing urbanization rate, accelerating service-oriented structure and declining demographic dividend after 2016, China＇s economic slowdown would be inevitable if labor productivity fails to improve.

An Analytic Study on Internal Linkages Between Human Development and Globalization

Globalization is often understood as increasing global economic integration, global forms of governance, and globally inter-linked social and environmental developments. The target of this paper~ is to demonstrate the connection among human development, globalization, and institutional quality. The second part provides the methodology of measuring the overall globalization with an emphasis on the 2011 Konjunkturforschungsstelle （KOF） Globalization Index. The KOF Globalization Index includes economic, social, and political contexts. The third part shortly introduces one of the parameters of institutional quality--Human Development Index （HDI） （or rather Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index （IHDI） as the real indicator of the level of human development） and its methodology and results. For the analysis, two out of three dimensions of IHDI were used （long and healthy life and access to education） and two dimensions of Globalization Index were employed （social and political globalization）. The third part compares indices and scores together, analyzes them, and assesses the relationships between the HDI and the Globalization Index. It is possible to conclude from the results achieved in the study that the social globalization has stronger linkages with human development than with the political globalization, yet, spurring growth rates and reduced poverty in countries with poor institutions cannot be achieved simply by globalizing their economies.

A DIFFERENTIAL GAME MODEL FOR A DEVELOPING AND A DEVELOPED COUNTRY

A differential game (DG) model for a developing and a developed country is considered.Each player makes decisions about how much resource to be used to restrict the opponent's developmentso as to maximize his weighted sum of current consumption and final output.Current consumption isassumed to be preferred to final output for both players.The developing country is assumed to havea higher economic growth rate and a higher preference to final output,whereas the developed countryis assumed to have a higher initial income and a higher efficiency in restricting his opponent.Thisproblem is investigated under three kinds of information structures,i.e.,a zerosum,a nonzero-sum,anda Stackelberg game.Open-loop equilibrium solutions are obtained for all the three cases.Economicimplications of the result are provided.