物流产业竞争:非差异性物流网络经济定价

物流经济和网络经济在国外已经得到广泛研究 ,目前我国学者开始关注和研究相关问题。物流网络产业的发展快慢关系到我国企业的国际竞争力。围绕我国物流产业具体情况 ,如何发展 ?如何提高自身市场竞争力 ?为此 ,本文建立了一个非差异性物流网络经济定价模型 。

物流产业竞争：非差异性物流网络经济定价

随着计算机网络技术高速发展，物流产业之间的竞争越演越烈，这就给物流产业竞争定价策略提出了新要求。本文运用非差异性的物流网络经济定价模型，深入分析了物流产业的定价策略，为相关研究人士提供理论参考依据。

经济和定价模型在云网络资源管理中的应用

云网络提供了服务器的本地网络连接和数据中心的远程链接,以创建支持具有不同资源需求和实用程序的大量用户和应用程序的资源池。因此,资源管理成为云网络中最重要的问题之一。文章回顾了云数据中心网络资源管理中,经济和定价模型的应用,主要包括云无线接入网、微云和移动电信云中的资源管理。

经济和定价模型在5G用户关联中的应用

文章回顾了经济和定价模型在5G用户关联中的应用,讨论了吞吐量最大化的用户关联,采用分布式拍卖或采用价格更新方案的分布式算法,来实现低复杂度的目标。除了吞吐量的改进之外,用户关联中还需要考虑基站(BS)间的负载均衡和用户的公平性。诸如分布式拍卖,一般定价,效用最大化和拥塞定价等定价模式可很好地满足要求。

浅析我国公务员薪酬定价困境

随着改革开放的深入 ,市场经济的确立与逐渐走向成熟 ,公务员薪酬制度的不足逐渐暴露出来。本文着力探讨对公务员薪酬影响较大的三个因素 :政治定价、经济定价、绩效定价 ,分析其所处的困境。

一种广义虚拟经济的分类方法

本文将广义虚拟经济划分为可直接定价的广义虚拟经济和不可直接定价的广义虚拟经济。又根据供给弹性的差别将可直接定价的广义虚拟经济划分为强广义虚拟经济和弱广义虚拟经济。强广义虚拟经济的价值主要体现在租金上,而弱广义虚拟经济的价值主要体现在产品的多样性上。不可直接定价的广义虚拟经济通过非价格机制来实现,根据不同的社会关系范围,不可直接定价的广义虚拟价值实现的方式有很大差异,在非匿名的小范围内主要以亲缘关系和在共同体关系为基础,而在匿名的大范围内中主要以道德和利他主义为基础。

电力市场中计算输电电价的一种新方法

该文基于边际成本理论,提出了一种计算输电电价的新方法,在保留边际成本定价中的经济信息的同时,综合考虑了无功电价,又考虑了电网的年收支平衡,最后,通过潮流跟踪法,确定有功、无功电价及固定成本在各个用户间的分配,使定价模型更加合理、完善。经IEEE6节点系统算例证明,该文所提的模型和算法是正确而有效的,具有重要的理论意义和工程实际价值,特别是对于在厂网分开后电网建设以及维护电网稳定的资金筹措有相当的指导价值。

Diversity,Distribution and Prioritization of Fodder Species for Conservation in Kullu District,Northwestern Himalaya,India

In the Indian Himalayan Region predominantly rural in character, livestock is one of the main sources of livelihood and integral part of the economy. Livestock mostly rely on fodder from wild. The diversity, distribution, utilization pattern, nativity, endemism, rarity, seasonality of availability, nutritive values, perceived economic values and pressure use index of livestock have not been studied. The present study attempts to enumerate 150 species of fodder representing trees (51 spp.), shrubs (54 spp.) and herbs (45 spp.). Poaceae (19 spp.) and Fabaceae (13 spp.) amongst families and Salix (6 spp.), Ficus, Clematis, and Desmodium (5 spp., each) amongst genera are rich in species. Maximum species were found in the 1801 ~ 2600 m zone, and the remaining two zones showed relatively low diversity. Out of the 150 species, 109 are used in summer, 5 winter and 36 throughout year. During rainy season, mostly grasses are used as fodder. Only 83 species are native to the Himalayan region, one species, Strobilanthus atropuroureus is endemic and 35 species are near endemic. The nutritive values of the fodder species were reviewed, and economic values and status of the species were also assessed. The pressure use index of the species was calculated on the basis of cumulative values of the utilization pattern, altitudinal distribution, availability, status, nativity and endemism. Amongst the species, Grewia oppositifoilia, Morus serrata, Indigofera heterantha, Quercus leucotrichphora, Ulmus villosa, U. wallichiana and Aesculus indica showed highest PUI indicating high preference and pressure. Season wise prioritization of the species for different altitudinal zones has been done. Appropriate strategy and action plan have been suggested for the conservation and management of fodder species.

Dynamic response pattern of gold prices to economic policy uncertainty

Based on a time-varying parameter structural vector autoregression with stochastic volatility(TVP-SVAR-SV)model,the time-varying effects and country differences of economic policy uncertainty(EPU)on gold prices from August 2006 to December 2017 were examined.The results show that the effects of global economic policy uncertainty(GEPU)shock on gold prices change over time.The changes were positive during 2006-2008 and 2013-2017,while the impacts were negative during 2009-2012,implying that the efficiency of gold as a safe haven is not stable and depends on economic conditions.There are significant country differences regarding the impact of EPU on the price of gold,particularly during the international financial crisis,European debt crisis and Trump election.During the international financial crisis,EPU exerts a positive impact on gold prices in most countries.During the European debt crisis,the impact of EPU on gold prices is mainly negative in the examined countries.While during the Trump election,the impact displays positive and negative alternating in most countries.

Novel fluorescence sensor based on covalent immobilization of 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole via electrostatically assembled gold nanoparticle layer

A novel technique of immobilizing indicator dyes by electrostatic adsorption and covalent bonding to fabricate optical sensors was developed.3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole(AEC)was attached to the outmost surface of quartz glass slide via aminosilanizing the slide,crosslinking chitosan,adsorbing Au nanoparticle,self-assembling HS(CH2)11OH,and coupling AEC.Thus, an AEC-immobilized optical sensor was obtained.The sensor exhibits a wide linear response range from 7.0×10- 7to 1.0×10 -4 mol/L and a correlation coefficient of 0.995 9 for the detection of 2-nitrophenol.The detection limit and response time of the sensor are 1.0×10- 7mol/L and less than 10 s,respectively.The fluorescence intensity of the used sensor can be restored to the blank value by simply rinsing with blank buffer.A very effective matrix for immobilizing indicator dye is provided by the proposed technique, which is adaptable to other indicator dyes with amino groups besides AEC.

Accounting Problems and Countermeasures in SME

SMEs in the national economy is an imporl^nt part of maintaining market stability, and it has a very important role for the operation to ensure a rational pricing mechanism and to ensure thll employment and promote sustained and healthy develop, and it ensures social stability. However, the presence of SMEs in the financial control is weak; problems of accounting information distortion and other issues limit itself to develop, and we do some research on the current problems and countermeasures of SME financial management.

Regional Study on Economical Supporting Capacity of Land Resources in Shandong Province

Taking the land resources of 17 cities in Shandong Province as the basic data, the article studied on the economical supporting capacity of land resources in terms of the effect of land on economy. The author classified 17 cities of Shandong Province into four types according to the economical supporting capacity of land resources by quantitatively estimating the evaluation indices of the total amount of land resources, the potential of urban and other nonagricultural land, and the integrated economical sup- porting capacity of land resources, etc. The author proposes the questions requiring further study at the end of this article.

ROA of Real Estate Development in ZA

Although, there are numerous empirical studies that explore option pricing on vacant land, there is hardly such study based on a South African case study. Moreover, phenomena observed in certain countries are not always prevalent due to different economic circumstances. This case study explores option value emerging on vacant land due to office building in the Northern Suburbs of Johannesburg, South Africa （ZA） because land value ＂increased＂ in ＂price＂. Since late 1990s, Northern Suburbs are one of the most expensive areas of Johannesburg. Samuelson-McKean （1965） model is used to calculate option value on vacant land （Geltner ＆ Miller, 2001） and the model is used to estimate option values, first, when there are no costs, then when total costs are taken into account and lastly, when improvements are taken into account. The results are synonymous with option pricing theory （OPT） in sense that costs and land improvements increase option value; however, the impact of fixed costs on option value is debatable as fixed costs lead to an increase in option value while according to OPT they should not as fixed costs could easily be ＂hedged＂.

Evaluating and Measuring Relational Capital by Defining Knowledge

As we are in the knowledge economy, the main purpose of this research is to define the value of relational capital by measuring it with an innovative model. To this end, this paper will explain the meaning of intellectual capital （human capital, structural capital, and relational capital） in the field of knowledge economy and what relational capital is and how we can measure its value. The research is qualitative in nature and was developed through the study of the international literature. The research presents some theoretical evidences that permit defining a method for the evaluation of relational capital. In this direction, the above method will need to have some integration in the future research. Moreover, this approach should consider some empirical evidences to establish the practical value of the method. In fact, the method presented encourages debate and a critical attitude towards the evaluations of relational capital and intellectual capital.

Compliance of Documentation Transfer Pricing Requirements in Foreign Direct Investment Enterprises in Vietnam

The increase of inter-boundary transactions brings a number of benefits for enterprises. However, even when benefits of transfer pricing are evident, multinational organizations still face legal challenges, including performing parts of transactions in another jurisdiction and motives of tax officials in investigating transfer pricing. This is especially true when countries do not want to lose benefits from tax collection. Therefore, many countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD）, Pacific Association of Tax Administrators （PATA）, the European Union （EU）, and Vietnam have introduced requirements for transfer pricing documentation to prevent transfer pricing manipulation and maintain benefits from taxes. The aim of this research was to assess the compliance of those requirements of foreign direct investment （FDI） enterprises in Vietnam. This article which is a summary of our research includes the following sections： （1） OECD guidelines of transfer pricing documentation; （2） Vietnam regulations of transfer pricing documentation; （3） results of the research; and （4） discussion and conclusion.

A Philosophical Appraisal of John Rawls＇ Difference Principle in the Context of the Quota System of Nigeria

The concept of justice is a complex phenomenon which has been subjected to various legal, social, and philosophical interpretations. In other words, for the concept to make meaning to analysts and various intellectual communities, it has to undergo a process of concept conceptualization and operationalisation. It is therefore this lack of univocal definition of justice that one can philosophically assert that there is no theory of justice but theories of justice. The purpose of this article is not to delve into the various analyses of theories, meanings, definitions, and/or explanations of justice but to examine John Rawls＇ Difference Principle of justice in the context of the Nigerian Quota System. In order to make this writing less nebulous and less ambiguous and more explicit and clear, I shall examine the definitions of the concepts of both justice and Quota System. In addition, evaluation of the philosophical and theoretical assumptions of the Rawls＇ theory and the Quota System will be made with a view to revealing their applicability and relevance in our real economic socio-political system （in Nigeria）.