AIM:To improve the diagnosis of heterotopic pancreas by the use of contrastenhanced computed tomography(CT)imaging and CT virtual endoscopy(CTVE).METHODS:A total of six patients with heterotopic pancreas,as confirmed ...AIM:To improve the diagnosis of heterotopic pancreas by the use of contrastenhanced computed tomography(CT)imaging and CT virtual endoscopy(CTVE).METHODS:A total of six patients with heterotopic pancreas,as confirmed by clinical pathology and immunohistochemistry in the Sixth Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,were included.Nonenhanced CT and enhanced CT scanning were performed,and the resulting images were reviewed and analyzed using threedimensional postprocessing software,including CTVE.RESULTS:Four males and two females were enrolled.Several heterotopic pancreas sites were involved;three occurred in the stomach,including the gastric antrum(n =2)and lesser curvature(n=1),and two were in the duodenal bulb.Only one case of heterotopic pancreas lesion occurred in the mesentery.Four cases had a solid yet soft tissue density that had a homogeneous pattern when viewed by enhanced CT.Additionally,their CT values were similar to that of the pancreas.The ducts of the heterotopic pancreas tissue,one of the characteristic CT features of heterotopic pancreas tissue,were detected in the CT images of two patients.CTVE images showed normal mucosa around the tissue,which is also an important indicator of a heterotopic pancreas.However,none of the CTVE images showed the typical signs of central dimpling or umbilication.CONCLUSION:CT,enhanced CT and CTVE techniques provide useful information about the location,growth pattern,vascularity,and condition of the gastrointestinal wall around heterotopic pancreatic tissue.展开更多
Models about four aspects according to the balance principle and practice in China were established, which involve the minimum production scale, alert production scale, safe running scale, and the goal production scal...Models about four aspects according to the balance principle and practice in China were established, which involve the minimum production scale, alert production scale, safe running scale, and the goal production scale for specified profit level. It provides an effective quantitative analyzing method for the investors of coal bed gas exploitation project.展开更多
Economic movements have close relation with historical transformations. Historical and social transformations have seriously determined economic views, so, economic movements have been the indicators of economic wars ...Economic movements have close relation with historical transformations. Historical and social transformations have seriously determined economic views, so, economic movements have been the indicators of economic wars of social classes. But no concept can describe sharp contrast in economics better than the two opponent concepts in economics： ＂orthodox＂ and ＂heterodox＂ economics. In this article, the reason why neo-classic economics, also called as orthodox economics, has a serious place in economic literature while the opponent＇s economic movements, named heterodox economics, do not defend only one ＂truth＂ and are not as important as orthodox economics will be examined. While doing this examination, Louis Althusser＇s ＂ideology＂ and Antonio Gramsci＇s ＂hegemony＂ will help us as these two concepts are quite instructive in understanding the irreplaceable significance of orthodox economics. As a result, by discussing alternative point of views about economics, positive emphasis of multivocality in economics literature will be revealed. On the other hand, every heterodox economics cannot criticize orthodox economics in the same way. In this study, institutional economics, which is accepted to be part of heterodox economics, will be discussed thoroughly. Institutional economics had a serious attitude against orthodox economics. In this study, generally the points in orthodox economics that institutional economics opposes will be emphasized, and although both economics approaches＇ ideological attitude will be attempted to be discussed generally, it will become easy to discuss the reason why heterodox economics developed an opposing ideology against the ideology of orthodox economics.展开更多
Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December,...Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December, 1992, totaling 653 km with the designed annual traffic volume of 1×108 t. In order to meet the demands of national economic development, the transport capacity of the line must be enhanced greatly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR, for the first time in the world,realizes the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4 locomotive. Meanwhile, CR develops equipment portfolio for heavy-haul through combining 2 high power locomotives of HXD series (means harmony) with controllable EOT. Relying on integration and innovation, it succeeds in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line, which tripled the annual traffic volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.展开更多
Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics in...Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics industry in China. Institutional factors are regarded as the important factor for logistics cost under the market segmentation of peasant mentality. By comparison of the institutional costs in United States, Japan, India and the Europe, deep reason of high cost behind cost driving force is analyzed. Countermeasure is put forward, such as reducing the prices of domestic toll road, using fuel tax as implemented for highway construction funds, and decreasing the restricted policy for carrying freight cars etc..展开更多
This paper analyzes determinants and consequences of managerial ownership within ownership structures of the selected European and Asian transition countries. Focus of the analysis is the influence of the specific uni...This paper analyzes determinants and consequences of managerial ownership within ownership structures of the selected European and Asian transition countries. Focus of the analysis is the influence of the specific unification of ownership and control on corporate performance. Findings in the paper are based on research that produced empirical data for Croatia which is subsequently compared with evidence from other Asian and European transition countries facing the same issues. Consequently, transitional ownership structures, influenced by actual privatization process, like emergent corporate governance mechanisms, highly concentrated ownership and undeveloped markets for corporate control are also described. Research findings show that direct or indirect managerial ownership are important phenomena in transition countries, research has also shown that stable and concentrated managerial ownership have positive effects on firms＇ profitability in the observed transitional environments.展开更多
Three votive monuments dedicated to the cult of Diana have been identified to date in the territory of Roman Municipium Timacum Minus. Two of them are related to erection and restoration of the temple of Diana. Accord...Three votive monuments dedicated to the cult of Diana have been identified to date in the territory of Roman Municipium Timacum Minus. Two of them are related to erection and restoration of the temple of Diana. According to onomastic formulae of the dedicants’ names, the first monument may be dated into the period of Emperor Hadrian’s rule or immediately after it, and the other into the period of the reign of Marcus Aurelius or directly following it. The main methodological approach in this paper was researching Diana’s cult in general, and then also examining analogies to votive monuments from Timacum Minus in the territory of Serbia. Even though there have been only five such monuments identified to date, analogies show that it was already in 2nd century that the influence of Romanisation in the territory of Serbia was well under way, and that in worshipping Diana, her companions the nymphs, and Apollo-Diana-Silvanus, it was indeed Roman deities that were being worshipped and not interpretatio Romana of indigenous deities. Socio-economic position of the dedicants indicates that they belonged to middle or upper social strata （legatus legionis VII Claudiae piae fidelis, duumvir, pontifex, eques Romanus）.展开更多
Horizontal section top-coal(HSTCC)caving offers a powerful method to efficiently excavate rude coal in steep and thick seams,and pre-blasting weakening has a profound effect on pursuing great production,high efficienc...Horizontal section top-coal(HSTCC)caving offers a powerful method to efficiently excavate rude coal in steep and thick seams,and pre-blasting weakening has a profound effect on pursuing great production,high efficiency and good benefit under particular conditions like a small-scale working face with large-scale sectional caving height.+564-level HSTCC working face in B3–6coal seams of Jiangou Colliery in Urumqi was taken as study case for in situ industrial experiment.Total thickness of seams in the study case is about 50.0 m and average angel here is over 83°.In the industrial experiments,at first we adopted continuous charge machine and emulsion matrix explosive to substitute for traditional blasting schemes for specific geological settings in the study case.Hybrid analyses and assessments with blasting crack propagation analysis,abutment pressure monitoring prediction and economical benefit assessment were attributed to be able to attest pre-blasting weakening effects practically.Meanwhile crack propagation analysis after pre-blasting weakening showed that in all triple monitoring bore holes rock masses of top-coal would be fallen into three stages from the bottom up:fracture zone,plastic zone and elastic zone generally,and fracture toughness respectively in correspondent zones was calculated by the analytical formula:0.5616–0.8806,0.6403–0.9541 and0.7535–1.1900 MPa m1/2after pre-blasting weakening.Pressure monitoring prediction and economical benefit assessment also indicated that it was necessary to introduce the pre-blasting weakening with predominant blasting scheme from both views.For excavation in extremely steep and thick coal seams,relevant results would be a useful tool to study the mechanism of pre-blasting weakening both qualitatively and quantitatively.展开更多
The resource-based city can divides according to the Israeli resource type and development phase two big standards. The resource-based city economic transformation strategy first should from the macroscopic level, see...The resource-based city can divides according to the Israeli resource type and development phase two big standards. The resource-based city economic transformation strategy first should from the macroscopic level, seek for the regional economic development the new superiority, next should act according to the new regional development favorable condition that establishes the pattern of industrial transformation from the microscopic level.展开更多
The paper analyses the stress characteristics in longwall face and its interaction with impact coal cutting, and puts forward the operation method for impact coal cotting. Similar material to the coal in particular mi...The paper analyses the stress characteristics in longwall face and its interaction with impact coal cutting, and puts forward the operation method for impact coal cotting. Similar material to the coal in particular mine was used to simulate the coal mass. Impact coal breaking test was performed on the test rig. The traveling pattern of the impact stress wave in coal and the dynamic response of impact parameters on coal property is analyzed.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,Grant No.08411951200
文摘AIM:To improve the diagnosis of heterotopic pancreas by the use of contrastenhanced computed tomography(CT)imaging and CT virtual endoscopy(CTVE).METHODS:A total of six patients with heterotopic pancreas,as confirmed by clinical pathology and immunohistochemistry in the Sixth Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,were included.Nonenhanced CT and enhanced CT scanning were performed,and the resulting images were reviewed and analyzed using threedimensional postprocessing software,including CTVE.RESULTS:Four males and two females were enrolled.Several heterotopic pancreas sites were involved;three occurred in the stomach,including the gastric antrum(n =2)and lesser curvature(n=1),and two were in the duodenal bulb.Only one case of heterotopic pancreas lesion occurred in the mesentery.Four cases had a solid yet soft tissue density that had a homogeneous pattern when viewed by enhanced CT.Additionally,their CT values were similar to that of the pancreas.The ducts of the heterotopic pancreas tissue,one of the characteristic CT features of heterotopic pancreas tissue,were detected in the CT images of two patients.CTVE images showed normal mucosa around the tissue,which is also an important indicator of a heterotopic pancreas.However,none of the CTVE images showed the typical signs of central dimpling or umbilication.CONCLUSION:CT,enhanced CT and CTVE techniques provide useful information about the location,growth pattern,vascularity,and condition of the gastrointestinal wall around heterotopic pancreatic tissue.
文摘Models about four aspects according to the balance principle and practice in China were established, which involve the minimum production scale, alert production scale, safe running scale, and the goal production scale for specified profit level. It provides an effective quantitative analyzing method for the investors of coal bed gas exploitation project.
文摘Economic movements have close relation with historical transformations. Historical and social transformations have seriously determined economic views, so, economic movements have been the indicators of economic wars of social classes. But no concept can describe sharp contrast in economics better than the two opponent concepts in economics： ＂orthodox＂ and ＂heterodox＂ economics. In this article, the reason why neo-classic economics, also called as orthodox economics, has a serious place in economic literature while the opponent＇s economic movements, named heterodox economics, do not defend only one ＂truth＂ and are not as important as orthodox economics will be examined. While doing this examination, Louis Althusser＇s ＂ideology＂ and Antonio Gramsci＇s ＂hegemony＂ will help us as these two concepts are quite instructive in understanding the irreplaceable significance of orthodox economics. As a result, by discussing alternative point of views about economics, positive emphasis of multivocality in economics literature will be revealed. On the other hand, every heterodox economics cannot criticize orthodox economics in the same way. In this study, institutional economics, which is accepted to be part of heterodox economics, will be discussed thoroughly. Institutional economics had a serious attitude against orthodox economics. In this study, generally the points in orthodox economics that institutional economics opposes will be emphasized, and although both economics approaches＇ ideological attitude will be attempted to be discussed generally, it will become easy to discuss the reason why heterodox economics developed an opposing ideology against the ideology of orthodox economics.
文摘Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December, 1992, totaling 653 km with the designed annual traffic volume of 1×108 t. In order to meet the demands of national economic development, the transport capacity of the line must be enhanced greatly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR, for the first time in the world,realizes the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4 locomotive. Meanwhile, CR develops equipment portfolio for heavy-haul through combining 2 high power locomotives of HXD series (means harmony) with controllable EOT. Relying on integration and innovation, it succeeds in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line, which tripled the annual traffic volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.
基金This paper was Supported by Chinese Humanities and Social Science Foundation for Youths by Ministry of Education, Mechanism and Institutional arrangements on China＇s low-cost model to achieve economic growth cycle （No. 09YJC630228）, and Basic Research Funds of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law ＂Research on Integrated Controlling of Cost Soot among Organization： Based on Synerzistic Effects of Precession＂.
文摘Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics industry in China. Institutional factors are regarded as the important factor for logistics cost under the market segmentation of peasant mentality. By comparison of the institutional costs in United States, Japan, India and the Europe, deep reason of high cost behind cost driving force is analyzed. Countermeasure is put forward, such as reducing the prices of domestic toll road, using fuel tax as implemented for highway construction funds, and decreasing the restricted policy for carrying freight cars etc..
文摘This paper analyzes determinants and consequences of managerial ownership within ownership structures of the selected European and Asian transition countries. Focus of the analysis is the influence of the specific unification of ownership and control on corporate performance. Findings in the paper are based on research that produced empirical data for Croatia which is subsequently compared with evidence from other Asian and European transition countries facing the same issues. Consequently, transitional ownership structures, influenced by actual privatization process, like emergent corporate governance mechanisms, highly concentrated ownership and undeveloped markets for corporate control are also described. Research findings show that direct or indirect managerial ownership are important phenomena in transition countries, research has also shown that stable and concentrated managerial ownership have positive effects on firms＇ profitability in the observed transitional environments.
文摘Three votive monuments dedicated to the cult of Diana have been identified to date in the territory of Roman Municipium Timacum Minus. Two of them are related to erection and restoration of the temple of Diana. According to onomastic formulae of the dedicants’ names, the first monument may be dated into the period of Emperor Hadrian’s rule or immediately after it, and the other into the period of the reign of Marcus Aurelius or directly following it. The main methodological approach in this paper was researching Diana’s cult in general, and then also examining analogies to votive monuments from Timacum Minus in the territory of Serbia. Even though there have been only five such monuments identified to date, analogies show that it was already in 2nd century that the influence of Romanisation in the territory of Serbia was well under way, and that in worshipping Diana, her companions the nymphs, and Apollo-Diana-Silvanus, it was indeed Roman deities that were being worshipped and not interpretatio Romana of indigenous deities. Socio-economic position of the dedicants indicates that they belonged to middle or upper social strata （legatus legionis VII Claudiae piae fidelis, duumvir, pontifex, eques Romanus）.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11002021)the Doctoral Subject,Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (No.20070008012)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2008AA062104)Team Program for Key Scientific and Technological innovation,Shaanxi Province of China (No.2013KCT-16)
文摘Horizontal section top-coal(HSTCC)caving offers a powerful method to efficiently excavate rude coal in steep and thick seams,and pre-blasting weakening has a profound effect on pursuing great production,high efficiency and good benefit under particular conditions like a small-scale working face with large-scale sectional caving height.+564-level HSTCC working face in B3–6coal seams of Jiangou Colliery in Urumqi was taken as study case for in situ industrial experiment.Total thickness of seams in the study case is about 50.0 m and average angel here is over 83°.In the industrial experiments,at first we adopted continuous charge machine and emulsion matrix explosive to substitute for traditional blasting schemes for specific geological settings in the study case.Hybrid analyses and assessments with blasting crack propagation analysis,abutment pressure monitoring prediction and economical benefit assessment were attributed to be able to attest pre-blasting weakening effects practically.Meanwhile crack propagation analysis after pre-blasting weakening showed that in all triple monitoring bore holes rock masses of top-coal would be fallen into three stages from the bottom up:fracture zone,plastic zone and elastic zone generally,and fracture toughness respectively in correspondent zones was calculated by the analytical formula:0.5616–0.8806,0.6403–0.9541 and0.7535–1.1900 MPa m1/2after pre-blasting weakening.Pressure monitoring prediction and economical benefit assessment also indicated that it was necessary to introduce the pre-blasting weakening with predominant blasting scheme from both views.For excavation in extremely steep and thick coal seams,relevant results would be a useful tool to study the mechanism of pre-blasting weakening both qualitatively and quantitatively.
文摘The resource-based city can divides according to the Israeli resource type and development phase two big standards. The resource-based city economic transformation strategy first should from the macroscopic level, seek for the regional economic development the new superiority, next should act according to the new regional development favorable condition that establishes the pattern of industrial transformation from the microscopic level.
文摘The paper analyses the stress characteristics in longwall face and its interaction with impact coal cutting, and puts forward the operation method for impact coal cotting. Similar material to the coal in particular mine was used to simulate the coal mass. Impact coal breaking test was performed on the test rig. The traveling pattern of the impact stress wave in coal and the dynamic response of impact parameters on coal property is analyzed.
