Sustainable waterfront development is about creating a vision for an area and then deploying the skills and resources to realize it after involving a dialogue with the customer within an area. Also, it draws together ...Sustainable waterfront development is about creating a vision for an area and then deploying the skills and resources to realize it after involving a dialogue with the customer within an area. Also, it draws together many strands of place making such as environmental responsibility, social equity and economic viability, planning and transportation policy, architectural design into the creation of places of beauty and distinct identity. The development of waterfronts shapes communities around the water bodies and reflects the ability of cities to adapt to altered economic and social circumstances. The aim of this paper is to identify some approaches for applying sustainable waterfront development. By respecting the quality of life and defining sustainability in a broader context, a case will he made for enhancing the waterfront development, through the place making criteria, analyzing the Bahary waterfront in Alexandria, Egypt. The paper concludes some recommendations to develop Bahary waterfront based on the principles that are collected from the theoretical study in order to well design a waterfront responded to the wishes of the community.展开更多
In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amou...In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amount of wastewater, which is heavily loaded with organic and other toxic compounds. Disposal of dairy wastewater effluent without sufficient treatment can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Cost efficient treatment processes that are effective in removing organic load and other contaminants are essential to meet stringent environmental regulations applied in Kuwait. A research study was carried out at the KISR (Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research) to assess the technical viability and economic feasibility of combined microfiltration and biological treatment system. This work presents the economic evaluation of the adopted treatment system. The results show that the cost of the integrated system for large scale is estimated to be US$ 1.575/m3, which is 25% less than the cost of wastewater transportation and treatment in conventional sewage plants.展开更多
In this paper, processes for producing a food-grade glucose solution through enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloserich solids obtained from rice straws are presented. The rice straws were pretreated by acid-catalyzed stea...In this paper, processes for producing a food-grade glucose solution through enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloserich solids obtained from rice straws are presented. The rice straws were pretreated by acid-catalyzed steam explosion, and the reaction efficiency, toxicity control, and process economic feasibility were studied. Mass transfer resistance to the hydrolysis reaction was reduced by grinding with glass beads. A higher glucose concentration could be obtained by feeding more cellulose in the hydrolysis reaction; however, this also resulted in the production of undesired byproducts. Thus, a soaking process for the cellulose solids in water was developed to effectively reduce the generation of byproducts in the hydrolysis reaction. The resulting food-grade glucose solution can provide 414 kilocalories per liter, and could be used during a food-shortage crisis in the future.The current production cost is estimated to be 0.82 USD·L^(-1).展开更多
The most useful indicators should be established, designed and customized based on local issues of a target area. In order to establish groundwater sustainability indicators for the Vietnam capital, Hanoi, in this stu...The most useful indicators should be established, designed and customized based on local issues of a target area. In order to establish groundwater sustainability indicators for the Vietnam capital, Hanoi, in this study, the sustainability assessment framework of groundwater resources from an economic perspective is proposed for the first time with the focus of Hanoi current groundwater problems. An AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) approach is employed to generate the main components (aspects and indicators) of this framework, because development of composite indicators is considered to be a best approach for sustainability evaluation. To do this, the current problems of Hanoi groundwater resources were carefully reviewed and explored to propose three main aspects (quantity, quality and management) and appropriately construct their 9 MESIs (Macroeconomic Sustainability Indicators). As for the results, the sustainability indices of the quantity, quality and management aspects were appropriately assessed as good, excellent and good sustainability levels, respectively. As a result, the sustainability of Hanoi groundwater resources development is economically good, indicating that there has been a big effort to improve the groundwater sustainability from both sides, the local government and communities.展开更多
For the geological disposal of high level radioactive wastes, an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) having high hydraulic conductivity resulting from the development of fractures in the rock adjacent to the tunnels will ...For the geological disposal of high level radioactive wastes, an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) having high hydraulic conductivity resulting from the development of fractures in the rock adjacent to the tunnels will be one of the potential pathways for radioactive contaminant transport. The potential pathways will be sealed by closure components, that is, a combination of tunnel plug, backfill and grout, the latter material being a clay-based mixture in consideration of the need for long-term stability of the seals. Clay-based grout is one of the effective candidate materials that can be used to interrupt the migration of radionuclides through an EDZ. Laboratory testing of clay-based grout using pulverized bentonite, with the objective of improvement in grout penetration into a rockmass, was conducted. The results showed that the pulverization of clay-based grout had a positive effect on filtration.展开更多
文摘Sustainable waterfront development is about creating a vision for an area and then deploying the skills and resources to realize it after involving a dialogue with the customer within an area. Also, it draws together many strands of place making such as environmental responsibility, social equity and economic viability, planning and transportation policy, architectural design into the creation of places of beauty and distinct identity. The development of waterfronts shapes communities around the water bodies and reflects the ability of cities to adapt to altered economic and social circumstances. The aim of this paper is to identify some approaches for applying sustainable waterfront development. By respecting the quality of life and defining sustainability in a broader context, a case will he made for enhancing the waterfront development, through the place making criteria, analyzing the Bahary waterfront in Alexandria, Egypt. The paper concludes some recommendations to develop Bahary waterfront based on the principles that are collected from the theoretical study in order to well design a waterfront responded to the wishes of the community.
文摘In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amount of wastewater, which is heavily loaded with organic and other toxic compounds. Disposal of dairy wastewater effluent without sufficient treatment can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Cost efficient treatment processes that are effective in removing organic load and other contaminants are essential to meet stringent environmental regulations applied in Kuwait. A research study was carried out at the KISR (Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research) to assess the technical viability and economic feasibility of combined microfiltration and biological treatment system. This work presents the economic evaluation of the adopted treatment system. The results show that the cost of the integrated system for large scale is estimated to be US$ 1.575/m3, which is 25% less than the cost of wastewater transportation and treatment in conventional sewage plants.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan for financially supporting this research under Contract No.NSC-1022623-E-002-012-ET
文摘In this paper, processes for producing a food-grade glucose solution through enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloserich solids obtained from rice straws are presented. The rice straws were pretreated by acid-catalyzed steam explosion, and the reaction efficiency, toxicity control, and process economic feasibility were studied. Mass transfer resistance to the hydrolysis reaction was reduced by grinding with glass beads. A higher glucose concentration could be obtained by feeding more cellulose in the hydrolysis reaction; however, this also resulted in the production of undesired byproducts. Thus, a soaking process for the cellulose solids in water was developed to effectively reduce the generation of byproducts in the hydrolysis reaction. The resulting food-grade glucose solution can provide 414 kilocalories per liter, and could be used during a food-shortage crisis in the future.The current production cost is estimated to be 0.82 USD·L^(-1).
文摘The most useful indicators should be established, designed and customized based on local issues of a target area. In order to establish groundwater sustainability indicators for the Vietnam capital, Hanoi, in this study, the sustainability assessment framework of groundwater resources from an economic perspective is proposed for the first time with the focus of Hanoi current groundwater problems. An AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) approach is employed to generate the main components (aspects and indicators) of this framework, because development of composite indicators is considered to be a best approach for sustainability evaluation. To do this, the current problems of Hanoi groundwater resources were carefully reviewed and explored to propose three main aspects (quantity, quality and management) and appropriately construct their 9 MESIs (Macroeconomic Sustainability Indicators). As for the results, the sustainability indices of the quantity, quality and management aspects were appropriately assessed as good, excellent and good sustainability levels, respectively. As a result, the sustainability of Hanoi groundwater resources development is economically good, indicating that there has been a big effort to improve the groundwater sustainability from both sides, the local government and communities.
文摘For the geological disposal of high level radioactive wastes, an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) having high hydraulic conductivity resulting from the development of fractures in the rock adjacent to the tunnels will be one of the potential pathways for radioactive contaminant transport. The potential pathways will be sealed by closure components, that is, a combination of tunnel plug, backfill and grout, the latter material being a clay-based mixture in consideration of the need for long-term stability of the seals. Clay-based grout is one of the effective candidate materials that can be used to interrupt the migration of radionuclides through an EDZ. Laboratory testing of clay-based grout using pulverized bentonite, with the objective of improvement in grout penetration into a rockmass, was conducted. The results showed that the pulverization of clay-based grout had a positive effect on filtration.