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流动性陷阱理论以及中国的通货紧缩
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作者 孙海翔 孙毅 《世界经济情况》 2001年第5期1-6,共6页
从1997年下半年以来,中国的市场物价水平出现了持续走低的运行态势,其中居民消费价格指数持续29个月负增长,社会商品零售价格水平自1997年10月以来持续24月下降,生产资料价格指数持续30多个月负增长。毫无疑问,中国已经出现了全面... 从1997年下半年以来,中国的市场物价水平出现了持续走低的运行态势,其中居民消费价格指数持续29个月负增长,社会商品零售价格水平自1997年10月以来持续24月下降,生产资料价格指数持续30多个月负增长。毫无疑问,中国已经出现了全面的通货紧缩。持续的通货紧缩会导致经济衰退,如不能有效治理,还有可能出现“日本综合症”。所谓日本综合症,按照美国MIT经济学教授保罗·克鲁格曼的描述,是进入一种严重通货紧缩的恶性循环:由于价格水平下跌,人们预期通货紧缩,偏好于未来消费,各类开支的下降导致经济的不景气,失业增加;经济的不气反过来又导致物价不断下降,使现金成为更具有吸引力的资产。实际上,克鲁格曼所描述的“日本综合症”的状况,中国已经开始显示出来,某些方面还相当严重:一是城镇失业人口规模大,真实失业率也超过日本,1999年全国城镇实际失业人口总数为1200万人左右,真实失业率为8.3%,中国进入高失业阶段(见表1);二是中国通货紧缩的速度大大高于日本,日本零售物价指数下降6个百分点花了7年时间,而中国这一指数从1994年下降24.3个百分点,仅花了5年时间,从1997年到1999年上半年这一指数下降3.7个百分点,花了2年半时间(见表1)。 展开更多
关键词 流动性陷阱 中国 预期通货紧缩 效用函数 预期收入 经济开发性 财政政策 货币政策
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Sustainable Waterfront Development-A Case Study of Bahary in Alexandria, Egypt 被引量:1
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《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2017年第4期380-394,共15页
Sustainable waterfront development is about creating a vision for an area and then deploying the skills and resources to realize it after involving a dialogue with the customer within an area. Also, it draws together ... Sustainable waterfront development is about creating a vision for an area and then deploying the skills and resources to realize it after involving a dialogue with the customer within an area. Also, it draws together many strands of place making such as environmental responsibility, social equity and economic viability, planning and transportation policy, architectural design into the creation of places of beauty and distinct identity. The development of waterfronts shapes communities around the water bodies and reflects the ability of cities to adapt to altered economic and social circumstances. The aim of this paper is to identify some approaches for applying sustainable waterfront development. By respecting the quality of life and defining sustainability in a broader context, a case will he made for enhancing the waterfront development, through the place making criteria, analyzing the Bahary waterfront in Alexandria, Egypt. The paper concludes some recommendations to develop Bahary waterfront based on the principles that are collected from the theoretical study in order to well design a waterfront responded to the wishes of the community. 展开更多
关键词 Place making quality of life Bahary sustainable waterfront development.
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Cost Evaluation of Compact Dairy Wastewater Treatment System in Kuwait
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作者 Saud Bali Al-Shammari Noora Abdulmalek 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2018年第3期111-116,共6页
In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amou... In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amount of wastewater, which is heavily loaded with organic and other toxic compounds. Disposal of dairy wastewater effluent without sufficient treatment can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Cost efficient treatment processes that are effective in removing organic load and other contaminants are essential to meet stringent environmental regulations applied in Kuwait. A research study was carried out at the KISR (Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research) to assess the technical viability and economic feasibility of combined microfiltration and biological treatment system. This work presents the economic evaluation of the adopted treatment system. The results show that the cost of the integrated system for large scale is estimated to be US$ 1.575/m3, which is 25% less than the cost of wastewater transportation and treatment in conventional sewage plants. 展开更多
关键词 WASTEWATER TREATMENT DAIRY COST
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Process development for producing a food-grade glucose solution from rice straws
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作者 Chih-Heng Wang Wen-Hua Chen +3 位作者 Hwai-Shen Liu Jinn-Tsyy Lai Cheng-Che Hsu Ben-Zu Wan 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第2期386-392,共7页
In this paper, processes for producing a food-grade glucose solution through enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloserich solids obtained from rice straws are presented. The rice straws were pretreated by acid-catalyzed stea... In this paper, processes for producing a food-grade glucose solution through enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloserich solids obtained from rice straws are presented. The rice straws were pretreated by acid-catalyzed steam explosion, and the reaction efficiency, toxicity control, and process economic feasibility were studied. Mass transfer resistance to the hydrolysis reaction was reduced by grinding with glass beads. A higher glucose concentration could be obtained by feeding more cellulose in the hydrolysis reaction; however, this also resulted in the production of undesired byproducts. Thus, a soaking process for the cellulose solids in water was developed to effectively reduce the generation of byproducts in the hydrolysis reaction. The resulting food-grade glucose solution can provide 414 kilocalories per liter, and could be used during a food-shortage crisis in the future.The current production cost is estimated to be 0.82 USD·L^(-1). 展开更多
关键词 Cellulose Enzymatic hydrolysis Food-grade glucose solution Rice straw Biochemical engineering
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Economic Sustainability Assessment of Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Hanoi, Vietnam
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作者 Nuong Thi Bui Akira Kawamura +3 位作者 Hideo Amaguchi Duong Du Bui Ngoc Tu Truong Hoang Nam Nguyen 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2017年第12期624-633,共10页
The most useful indicators should be established, designed and customized based on local issues of a target area. In order to establish groundwater sustainability indicators for the Vietnam capital, Hanoi, in this stu... The most useful indicators should be established, designed and customized based on local issues of a target area. In order to establish groundwater sustainability indicators for the Vietnam capital, Hanoi, in this study, the sustainability assessment framework of groundwater resources from an economic perspective is proposed for the first time with the focus of Hanoi current groundwater problems. An AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) approach is employed to generate the main components (aspects and indicators) of this framework, because development of composite indicators is considered to be a best approach for sustainability evaluation. To do this, the current problems of Hanoi groundwater resources were carefully reviewed and explored to propose three main aspects (quantity, quality and management) and appropriately construct their 9 MESIs (Macroeconomic Sustainability Indicators). As for the results, the sustainability indices of the quantity, quality and management aspects were appropriately assessed as good, excellent and good sustainability levels, respectively. As a result, the sustainability of Hanoi groundwater resources development is economically good, indicating that there has been a big effort to improve the groundwater sustainability from both sides, the local government and communities. 展开更多
关键词 GROUNDWATER MESI sustainability assessment AHP Hanoi.
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Experimental Studies on Penetration of Pulverized Clay-Based Grout
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作者 T. Fujita Y. Sugita M. Toida 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2011年第5期419-427,共9页
For the geological disposal of high level radioactive wastes, an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) having high hydraulic conductivity resulting from the development of fractures in the rock adjacent to the tunnels will ... For the geological disposal of high level radioactive wastes, an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) having high hydraulic conductivity resulting from the development of fractures in the rock adjacent to the tunnels will be one of the potential pathways for radioactive contaminant transport. The potential pathways will be sealed by closure components, that is, a combination of tunnel plug, backfill and grout, the latter material being a clay-based mixture in consideration of the need for long-term stability of the seals. Clay-based grout is one of the effective candidate materials that can be used to interrupt the migration of radionuclides through an EDZ. Laboratory testing of clay-based grout using pulverized bentonite, with the objective of improvement in grout penetration into a rockmass, was conducted. The results showed that the pulverization of clay-based grout had a positive effect on filtration. 展开更多
关键词 High-level radioactive waste geological disposal repository sealing GROUT clay-based bentonite pulverization.
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