In many chemical processes, large amounts of wastewater containing butanol and isobutanol are produced.Given that n-butanol-isobutanol-water can form triple azeotrope, high-purity butanol cannot be recovered from the ...In many chemical processes, large amounts of wastewater containing butanol and isobutanol are produced.Given that n-butanol-isobutanol-water can form triple azeotrope, high-purity butanol cannot be recovered from the wastewater by ordinary distillation. To economically and effectively recover butanol from this kind of wastewater, 1,4-butanediol is selected as an extractant to break the formation of the azeotropes, and a doubleeffect extractive distillation process is proposed. The conceptual design of the proposed process is accomplished based on process simulation. With the proposed process, the purity of recovered butanol and water is greater than 99.99 wt%. In comparison with the conventional azeotropic distillation process, economic analysis shows that the operating cost of the proposed process is lower: when the capacity of wastewater treatment is 100 t·h^(-1), the total operating cost decreases by 5.385 ×10~6 USD per year, and the total annual cost of the new process decreases by 5.249 ×10~6 USD per year. In addition, in the extractive distillation system, variable effects on separation purities and cost are more complex than those in the ordinary distillation system. The method and steps to optimize the key variables of the extractive distillation system are also discussed in this paper and can provide reference for similar studies.展开更多
With the rapid development of economy and constant improvement of social market economy system, the trade between countries is becoming more frequent and the competition is more intensified. As the main body of econom...With the rapid development of economy and constant improvement of social market economy system, the trade between countries is becoming more frequent and the competition is more intensified. As the main body of economy market, enterprises' competition is also expanding and strengthening, and fierce competition makes the disadvantaged enterprise withdrawal and also promotes the new enterprise. But the growing enterprise wants to grow sturdily, which is affected by many factors. It needs to face many challenges and cope with various problems. Some problems may not be in place, and they can not find any guidance examples, and this needs enterprise to analyze and choose. Slightly careless, emerging enterprises will be nipped in the cradle. This paper analyzes the operation management mode for the growing enterprise, based on this, it finds out the operation concept and proper operation mode suitable for the long-term development of enterprise, inorder to provide help for relevant stat^t:展开更多
Under the new normal economy, the scale of logistics in China has continued to expand, and the logistics operating environment has also been significantly improved, but there are still some development difficulties. O...Under the new normal economy, the scale of logistics in China has continued to expand, and the logistics operating environment has also been significantly improved, but there are still some development difficulties. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics and predicaments of logistics development, this article points out the opportunities for development, and puts forward that China's logistics companies should adapt to changes in the economic environment, take the initiative to carry out technological innovation, model innovation and cultural innovation, and oromote the healthy and sustainable develonment oflogistics enterprises.展开更多
The subject and the object are a pair of concepts within the philosophical category. Dialectical materialism takes practice as the medium, and holds that subject is the existence of an active objective world, and that...The subject and the object are a pair of concepts within the philosophical category. Dialectical materialism takes practice as the medium, and holds that subject is the existence of an active objective world, and that the object is the object of practical activity. Under certain conditions, the subject and object can In terms of social security, the main body of responsibility is the government that allows the transfer of citizens' rights. Thereforethe government is the main body of production and providers of public goods, and the object is the main body's guaranteed rights and obligations. Commonly pointed objects or things generally refer to specific material information in practical operations, abstract information economy, legal norms, and the entire practice process.展开更多
Manufacturing plants are increasingly complex and integrated, requiring control systems able to identify the interactions between the various operating units. Production planning and control design of a process are to...Manufacturing plants are increasingly complex and integrated, requiring control systems able to identify the interactions between the various operating units. Production planning and control design of a process are tools that, if combined, bring many economic benefits to the processes since they aim to identify and maintain optimal decision operations to a system. This work uses such integration between production planning and plantwide control to propose a control system for the Williams-Otto plant from the definition of the operating optimal point for coordinated decentralized optimization, in which the original optimization problem decomposition into smaller coordinated problems ensure that the found local optimum also meets the requirements of the global system. The results for decentralized optimization are satisfactory and very similar to the global optimum problem and to the control system response proposed based on the optimal obtained. It is effective taking smooth actions, working with (economic) optimal set points (economically) of operation. The unification of production planning techniques and plantwide control techniques is an effective tool for the control system design for entire plants.展开更多
In this paper, we provide a framework of fuzzy landscape theory and discuss an application to alliance analysis. The fuzzy landscape theory may allow us to analyses a variety of aggregation processes in political, eco...In this paper, we provide a framework of fuzzy landscape theory and discuss an application to alliance analysis. The fuzzy landscape theory may allow us to analyses a variety of aggregation processes in political, economic, and social problems in a more flexible manner. The simulation results for the problems of the international alignment of the Second World War in Europe and the coalition formation in standard-setting alliances in the case of the UNIX operating system are compared with those given by the original theory.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Support Program of China(2014BAC10B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21406123)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Shanxi Province(MH2014-10)
文摘In many chemical processes, large amounts of wastewater containing butanol and isobutanol are produced.Given that n-butanol-isobutanol-water can form triple azeotrope, high-purity butanol cannot be recovered from the wastewater by ordinary distillation. To economically and effectively recover butanol from this kind of wastewater, 1,4-butanediol is selected as an extractant to break the formation of the azeotropes, and a doubleeffect extractive distillation process is proposed. The conceptual design of the proposed process is accomplished based on process simulation. With the proposed process, the purity of recovered butanol and water is greater than 99.99 wt%. In comparison with the conventional azeotropic distillation process, economic analysis shows that the operating cost of the proposed process is lower: when the capacity of wastewater treatment is 100 t·h^(-1), the total operating cost decreases by 5.385 ×10~6 USD per year, and the total annual cost of the new process decreases by 5.249 ×10~6 USD per year. In addition, in the extractive distillation system, variable effects on separation purities and cost are more complex than those in the ordinary distillation system. The method and steps to optimize the key variables of the extractive distillation system are also discussed in this paper and can provide reference for similar studies.
文摘With the rapid development of economy and constant improvement of social market economy system, the trade between countries is becoming more frequent and the competition is more intensified. As the main body of economy market, enterprises' competition is also expanding and strengthening, and fierce competition makes the disadvantaged enterprise withdrawal and also promotes the new enterprise. But the growing enterprise wants to grow sturdily, which is affected by many factors. It needs to face many challenges and cope with various problems. Some problems may not be in place, and they can not find any guidance examples, and this needs enterprise to analyze and choose. Slightly careless, emerging enterprises will be nipped in the cradle. This paper analyzes the operation management mode for the growing enterprise, based on this, it finds out the operation concept and proper operation mode suitable for the long-term development of enterprise, inorder to provide help for relevant stat^t:
文摘Under the new normal economy, the scale of logistics in China has continued to expand, and the logistics operating environment has also been significantly improved, but there are still some development difficulties. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics and predicaments of logistics development, this article points out the opportunities for development, and puts forward that China's logistics companies should adapt to changes in the economic environment, take the initiative to carry out technological innovation, model innovation and cultural innovation, and oromote the healthy and sustainable develonment oflogistics enterprises.
文摘The subject and the object are a pair of concepts within the philosophical category. Dialectical materialism takes practice as the medium, and holds that subject is the existence of an active objective world, and that the object is the object of practical activity. Under certain conditions, the subject and object can In terms of social security, the main body of responsibility is the government that allows the transfer of citizens' rights. Thereforethe government is the main body of production and providers of public goods, and the object is the main body's guaranteed rights and obligations. Commonly pointed objects or things generally refer to specific material information in practical operations, abstract information economy, legal norms, and the entire practice process.
文摘Manufacturing plants are increasingly complex and integrated, requiring control systems able to identify the interactions between the various operating units. Production planning and control design of a process are tools that, if combined, bring many economic benefits to the processes since they aim to identify and maintain optimal decision operations to a system. This work uses such integration between production planning and plantwide control to propose a control system for the Williams-Otto plant from the definition of the operating optimal point for coordinated decentralized optimization, in which the original optimization problem decomposition into smaller coordinated problems ensure that the found local optimum also meets the requirements of the global system. The results for decentralized optimization are satisfactory and very similar to the global optimum problem and to the control system response proposed based on the optimal obtained. It is effective taking smooth actions, working with (economic) optimal set points (economically) of operation. The unification of production planning techniques and plantwide control techniques is an effective tool for the control system design for entire plants.
基金This research is supported by CAS,NSFC and the National Basic Research Programme in Natural Sciences of Vietnam.
文摘In this paper, we provide a framework of fuzzy landscape theory and discuss an application to alliance analysis. The fuzzy landscape theory may allow us to analyses a variety of aggregation processes in political, economic, and social problems in a more flexible manner. The simulation results for the problems of the international alignment of the Second World War in Europe and the coalition formation in standard-setting alliances in the case of the UNIX operating system are compared with those given by the original theory.