Taiwan government has been executing the educational reform programs for more than two decades. However, the so-called between-class ability grouping which is prohibited by Taiwan government is still found in many pla...Taiwan government has been executing the educational reform programs for more than two decades. However, the so-called between-class ability grouping which is prohibited by Taiwan government is still found in many places; and Taiwan＇s cram schools are even more popular and diversified than before. The authors argue that, in addition to individual＇s socio-economic background, regional characteristics and school attributes also play important roles. Bringing these two factors back in, the causal relationships among ability grouping, cram schooling, and student academic achievement can be analyzed more accurately. Using data from Taiwan Education Panel Survey, the authors＇ empirical results show that, first of all, in more urbanized area, between-class ability grouping is less popular but cram school participation is wider spread these years. Secondly, the effects of family backgrounds on students＇ cram school participation are not as critical as they were before. Thirdly, between-class ability grouping and students＇ performance are positively associated but the internal mechanism still needs further investigation.展开更多
The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-inc...The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.展开更多
文摘Taiwan government has been executing the educational reform programs for more than two decades. However, the so-called between-class ability grouping which is prohibited by Taiwan government is still found in many places; and Taiwan＇s cram schools are even more popular and diversified than before. The authors argue that, in addition to individual＇s socio-economic background, regional characteristics and school attributes also play important roles. Bringing these two factors back in, the causal relationships among ability grouping, cram schooling, and student academic achievement can be analyzed more accurately. Using data from Taiwan Education Panel Survey, the authors＇ empirical results show that, first of all, in more urbanized area, between-class ability grouping is less popular but cram school participation is wider spread these years. Secondly, the effects of family backgrounds on students＇ cram school participation are not as critical as they were before. Thirdly, between-class ability grouping and students＇ performance are positively associated but the internal mechanism still needs further investigation.
文摘The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.
