重庆市区县级公立医院规模经济效率分析

目的通过分析重庆2011~2015年各公立医院的规模经济效率,探讨区县级公立医院规模经济现象和适宜规模。方法收集2011~2015年区县公立医院的面板数据,形成208个决策单元。用数据包络分析对样本医院进行相对效率分析,获得定量化的医院效率得分,包括综合效率、技术效率、规模效率和规模收益状况4个方面,并分析不同规模医院组上述四方面是否存在差异。结果区县公立医院综合、技术、规模效率在一定床位规模下随着床位的增加呈现增长趋势[小规模(100~300张)分别为0.907 6、0.929 2、0.976 2,较小规模(>300~500张)分别为0.937 5、0.968 4、0.967 9,中等规模(>500~600张)分别为0.954 9、0.974 3、0.979 9],但在达到一定规模之后,随着规模继续扩张,综合、技术、规模效率开始下降[较大规模(>600~700张)分别为0.944 3、0.974 4、0.968 7,大规模(>700~1 200)张分别为0.893 4、0.941 3、0.948 2]。结论可以认为500~600张床位规模是重庆区县级综合医院或与重庆内外因素类似地区综合公立医院的适宜规模。

低品位矿石利用的经济分析

为了克服在低品位矿石利用的研究中现行方法只以企业效益为目的的局限性，试图建立起一套以国民经济整体效益优化为目标的系统的分析方法，研究中运用了费用效益分析技术并辅之以半投入产出法、增量分析法和动态经济分析法。在以露天开采作业为对象的基础上，提出了三个临界品位计算的数学模型（这些模型很容易扩展到地下开采的情形之中），最后给出了一个计算实例。

Performance improvement in stepped solar still modified by sponge layer

In this paper,the experimental investigation on the performance improvement of conventional stepped solar still is conducted.The steps are covered by the porous material to improve the performance of the conventional device and increase the evaporation rate.All the parameters,including the temperature on the glass surface,the water temperature inside the evaporation zone,and the amount of water produced in both conventional and modified stepped solar stills are measured and compared.The efficiency of two devices and their exergy efficiency have been calculated.Finally,the economic analysis of both devices has been done to check the economic feasibility of the modified device.The amount of freshwater generated during one day was 2244.4 and 3076.2 mL/m^(2),respectively for the conventional and modified stepped solar stills.As a result,the amount of water produced in one day by modified stepped solar still is 35.5% more than the conventional one.Also,the costs for the conventional and modified stepped solar stills have been calculated as 0.0359 and 0.029$/(L·m^(-2)),respectively.

美国环境侵权民事司法中利益衡量的适用及对我国的启示

布默诉大西洋水泥公司案的判决说明美国环境侵权民事司法中利益衡量具有独特性:广泛运用富含经济效率分析思维的利益衡量来协调个人、环境、社会和经济等多元利益;利益衡量要素趋于完善和清晰;环境侵权民事司法救济的责任形式包括完全排除侵害、部分排除侵害、代替性赔偿、损害赔偿等等。我国在处理环境污染型案件时存在法官应用利益衡量的宏观思维定位不佳、忽视经济效率分析思维的运用等问题。