In the economic order quantity (EOQ) model, the decision maker has vague information about holding cost, ordering cost and market demand. With these uncertainties characterized as fuzzy variables, a new formula is d...In the economic order quantity (EOQ) model, the decision maker has vague information about holding cost, ordering cost and market demand. With these uncertainties characterized as fuzzy variables, a new formula is developed by analyzing the fuzzy total cost. By comparing with other four EOQ formulas, i.e., using the crisp numbers with the highest membership values in classic EOQ formula, using the expected values of fuzzy parameters in classic EOQ formula, using the fuzzy variables in classic EOQ formula and then calculating the expected value, and calculat- ing EOQ by hybrid intelligent algorithm simulation, the effectiveness of this formula Js illustrated.展开更多
The aim of this study is to identify the variables affecting land value. Examined land was selected from the village in Vientiane capital city Laos. Data was collected from 100 villages in center of Vientiane capital ...The aim of this study is to identify the variables affecting land value. Examined land was selected from the village in Vientiane capital city Laos. Data was collected from 100 villages in center of Vientiane capital city by using survey methods. A hedonic price analysis was conducted to determine the marginal return to different land characteristics using an econometric model corrected for correlation. Parcel characteristics such as distance to public park, village income, distance of population, number of the school within 500 meters buffer, distance to the temple, distance to the major market and distance to the business center (CBD). Arc GIS 9.2 was applied to calculate the distance of the factors, after that SPSS 15.0 was used to calculate the land price characteristic based on hedonic price model. The results showed that the distance to the center of population was the main factor influencing to the land price, and followed by school and village income. Map of the land price before and after hedonic price analysis were produced. The land price valuation approaches based on hedonic price model for Vientiane capital city were developed and land price map were predicted. Hedonic price model and GIS were very useful for this research, and finally the policy of the land valuation based on GIS was developed.展开更多
A fuzzy integral based way of measurement assessment has been established by using linguistic varia-bles and combining fuzzy integral with hierarchy analysis for measurement of medium and small enterprises'product...A fuzzy integral based way of measurement assessment has been established by using linguistic varia-bles and combining fuzzy integral with hierarchy analysis for measurement of medium and small enterprises'product innovation. The conclusions drawn from analyses made with 20 medium and small enterprises providebases for governments to formulate applicable policies and for medium and small enterprises to enhance theirproduct innovation.展开更多
People currentiy pay attention to a hotspot problem that how industrial production is evaluated and controlled based on sustainable development theory. Quality is one of the important indexes. Two mainstream theories ...People currentiy pay attention to a hotspot problem that how industrial production is evaluated and controlled based on sustainable development theory. Quality is one of the important indexes. Two mainstream theories guide us to realize the industrial sustainable development: mainly the circular economy and sustainable manufacturing are introduced. The basic characteristics of the sustainable manufacturing are introduced, and that quality management is important contents of sustainable development is indicated. Based on circular economy and sustainable manufacture theories, the drawbacks in the existing quality management models are analyzed. The requests that satisfy the big system "environment- society - economy" are summarized to build up a model. A Chinese traditional cultural principle is applied and the relevant contents are sublimated as the platform to set up the model. The new quality management concept models are put forward "T- D- R" three-dimensional structures and "ecological quality loop" model, from which the new quality concepts are formed The paper elaborates the contents and the process of setting up the models. The big quality problems of the system can be handled by the new quality concept and model that are validated in practice.展开更多
With analysis of producer's and factor supplier's dual optimization motives,this paper developed an optimal nominal output growth rate model that can conduct quantified estimation.Result of estimation of China...With analysis of producer's and factor supplier's dual optimization motives,this paper developed an optimal nominal output growth rate model that can conduct quantified estimation.Result of estimation of China's optimal industrial structure between1992 and 2009 indicates that optimal nominal output growth rate model has successfully quantified the impact of major events occurring in the process of China's economic operation on the level of deviation between actual industrial structure and optimal industrial structure.Quantitative indicators involved in this model can provide industrial policy instruments for the Chinese government in developing and adjusting industrial structure targets,optimizing resource allocation and advancing industrial structure optimization and upgrade.展开更多
Thailand has currently enhanced and promoted intensive trade and investment liberalization and implemented long-term growth policy according with current regional economic integration, WTO obligations and globalizatio...Thailand has currently enhanced and promoted intensive trade and investment liberalization and implemented long-term growth policy according with current regional economic integration, WTO obligations and globalization. Nevertheless, several recent internal and external factors e.g. the massive SARS and avian flu outbreaks, the Indian Ocean tsunami devastation, the Asia financial crisis and domestic policy reforms (ICSEAD, 2006) have also impeded this policy. While the issues are important for Thailand and developing countries in Asia, only limited research has been undertaken to investigate them. The paper conducts a substantive quantitative study to contribute to these trade and development policy issues. A new econometric modelling policy method, namely the generalized gravity theory (Tran Van Hoa, 2004) is used to develop a simple flexible simultaneous-equation econometric model of Thailand's openness model with its seven major trade partners (ASEAN-4, Australia, the USA, the EU, China, Japan and India). Using data from the ICSEAD, the World Development Indicators and the Bank of Thailand databases, the paper reveals efficient and reliable empirical findings on trade-growth causality, trade determination including the impact of shocks and policy reform on trade and growth between Thailand and its major trade partners over the past two decades. The paper also provides evidence on the linkages between trade in goods, FDI and services and regional economic integration for more credible policy implications.展开更多
Based on economics theory,social value loss caused by vehicle involved in crashes as well as various factors influencing on it were analyzed,the corresponding mi- cro-econometrics model was theoretically given.Moreove...Based on economics theory,social value loss caused by vehicle involved in crashes as well as various factors influencing on it were analyzed,the corresponding mi- cro-econometrics model was theoretically given.Moreover,the practicability of the model, the veracity and rationality of quantification were analyzed.Based on probability theory and mathematical statistical theory,macro approach to evaluating vehicle damage in crashes was presented,and the corresponding macro-econometrics model was con- structed.In addition,the macro-econometrics model was utilized to assess economic loss from statistical data of vehicle damaged in crashes,which has shown that the model can meet the demand of quantification analysis of vehicle damage,and be applied to the evaluation of economic loss caused by crashes.The results in this paper will be of practic- al significance for scientific,comprehensive and rational evaluating socio-economic loss caused by road crashes.展开更多
The main objective of this paper is that of surveying both theoretic and econometric models exploring the existence of knowledge spillovers and quantifying firm's ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit existing...The main objective of this paper is that of surveying both theoretic and econometric models exploring the existence of knowledge spillovers and quantifying firm's ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit existing information (absorptive capacity). In so doing, we explore different methodologies through which we may analyze the knowledge transmission: both the production function approach and the knowledge function approach. In order to construct the spillover stocks, different dimensions are considered: geographic and technological.展开更多
This paper aims to examine and analyse the level of intra-industry trade on economy of ASEAN. These data obtained from the accurate and reliable source of ASEAN Trade Statistics databases. The importance of intra-indu...This paper aims to examine and analyse the level of intra-industry trade on economy of ASEAN. These data obtained from the accurate and reliable source of ASEAN Trade Statistics databases. The importance of intra-industry and measurement is also described. Moreover, the linkage of intra-industry trade and investment liberalization under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is also explained. The effective enhancement schemed to increase the competitiveness of specific industries had been proposed to enhance ASEAN to be efficient production hub and network of region that lead to the ultimate goal of single market. The further studies can be applied to construct and estimate the econometric model and forecasting technique to confirm the empirical results.展开更多
Econometric models have not been widely used for thorough analysis of the statistics published by banks. The paper presents the results of analyses of Estonian Banking, made by the authors during the last seven years....Econometric models have not been widely used for thorough analysis of the statistics published by banks. The paper presents the results of analyses of Estonian Banking, made by the authors during the last seven years. Earlier results have been published in a number of collections of research articles and have been reported on international conferences worldwide (in Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Poland, Check Republic, Chile, China, and USA, etc.). From econometric models, the Cobb-Douglas production function with income-earning assets, equity, liabilities and fixed assets as inputs was selected. The time period chosen is from the first quarter of 1995 to the fourth quarter of 2008 that is a total of 56 periods. The balance sheets and income statements published quarterly by the banks were used as the empirical base of analysis.展开更多
This paper uses regression analysis and econometric modeling foundations to track public expenditures in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Fejesova, 2011) and their influences on the development of the fol...This paper uses regression analysis and econometric modeling foundations to track public expenditures in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Fejesova, 2011) and their influences on the development of the following two targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy: to increase the employment of the selected population groups to a predetermined percentage level and to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty. In addition to the selection of monitored indicators, we included other indicators from the social sphere, which are funded by mandatory national public expenditure budgets and which are expected to have a positive development in terms of improving the demographic structure of the country--the unemployment rate and the number of live births.展开更多
Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides worldwide. Public health studies in Brazil show that inadequate use of pesticides increases the incidence of accidents and contamination of poor rural communities. This stu...Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides worldwide. Public health studies in Brazil show that inadequate use of pesticides increases the incidence of accidents and contamination of poor rural communities. This study sought to identify factors that determine the occurrence of problems with pesticides in a typical Brazilian land reform settlement. The study was carried out in Caiaponia, Goias state. In the empirical analysis, the econometric model pro bit was used. The dependent variable was the existence of health problems in the family setting that are caused by pesticides. The independent variables were the family size; the attendance to any church, whether Catholic or Protestant; if farmers received any technical assistance; the current health condition of the family, and if there are exacerbated erosion problems on the farm. Data from 28 farmers were collected through a structured questionnaire. Among the main findings, larger families have a higher probability of accidents involving pesticides. The current healthy conditions of family and the problems of soiled gradation in the farm imply are duction in the likelihood of contamination with pesticides. These two results indicate that rural households that have good health condition and have experienced environmental degradation on their farm have higher environmental awareness.展开更多
This paper presents an analysis of the effects of the Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway (in Zhejiang Province of the People' s Republic of China) on the region' s economic development. An econometric model shows the...This paper presents an analysis of the effects of the Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway (in Zhejiang Province of the People' s Republic of China) on the region' s economic development. An econometric model shows the estimated contributions attributable to the expressway have increased year by year. And statistical data indicate that the Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway has promoted to some extent the region's economic devel-opment in various aspects.展开更多
As a key factor of economic growth, productivity has been valued in the academic community. Today, with the rapid development of service industry, the research for service productivity has also attracted wide attentio...As a key factor of economic growth, productivity has been valued in the academic community. Today, with the rapid development of service industry, the research for service productivity has also attracted wide attention. However, in the service industry, because of its own characteristics and properties, measurement of service productivity could not apply for the traditional productivity measurement methods simply. This research first has put out the constitution model of service productivity, and thus put out the measurement model of service productivity. And explains that service productivity is a function which contains internal efficiency, external efficiency, and capacity efficiency. In service productivity, external efficiency is the key one, internal efficie and capacity efficiency should also be given considerations. Eventually, the strategy of implementing measurement of service productivity have been proposed ncy the展开更多
Coal storing and loading have much more influence on coal quality. In the paper, a goal programming model has been constructed to determine the ideal quantity extracting from stockpile and silos and a quality control ...Coal storing and loading have much more influence on coal quality. In the paper, a goal programming model has been constructed to determine the ideal quantity extracting from stockpile and silos and a quality control model is inferred under the guidance of maximum theory of dispersed number and practice methods are given to meet production demand, with which a coal mine has achieved a better tech-economic result.展开更多
This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dua...This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China's manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R&D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the "low-end lock-up" effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R&D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.展开更多
In this paper, the author uses super-efficiency DEA model to measure the national and regional energy efficiency in China; using spatial econometric model and from the perspective of geo-spatial spillover, the author ...In this paper, the author uses super-efficiency DEA model to measure the national and regional energy efficiency in China; using spatial econometric model and from the perspective of geo-spatial spillover, the author interprets the spatial characteristies of energy efficiency and extracts the main factors that influ- ence the regional energy efficiency. The analysis results show that: (1) the national and regional energy efficiency is consistent with inverted U-shaped curve, and the nationwide energy efficiency gap is increasing; (2) energy efficiency has the obvious effect of the spatial external effect, and when the government makes energy saving strategies, inter-regional energy cooperation and the prolif- eration of advanced production technology should be given more priority; (3) energy efficiency has significant negative correlation with government intervention, industrial structure, ownership structure, the energy consumption structure, and resource endowments, and has positive correlation with the degree of opening-up and energy price.展开更多
The threats concerning financial stability seriously affect the overall functioning of the economy at a local, regional, national, and continental level instead of a global level, and therefore, the emphasis is laid o...The threats concerning financial stability seriously affect the overall functioning of the economy at a local, regional, national, and continental level instead of a global level, and therefore, the emphasis is laid on analyzing the causes and effects of such threats. Financial crises in the current decade, as well as those in the past have shown that a major cause of instability in the global market is the so-called financial contagion. This leads to a natural question: whether similar authorities could specify and mitigate these shocks through efficient calculation followed by stability measures taken by banking networks. To answer this question, an empirical research was conducted by analyzing the degree of contagion induced by markets in Central and Eastern Europe, based on an econometric model, involving over 17 European countries, from January 2006 to January 2013.展开更多
In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects (D&EP). Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increa...In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects (D&EP). Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increase with the growth of such projects product size. Thus this is diseconomies of scale that occur in them. The significance of this phenomenon results from the fact that it is commonly considered to be one of the fundamental objective causes of their low effectiveness. This is of particular significance with regard to Business Software Systems (BSS) D&EP characterized by exceptionally low effectiveness comparing to other software D&EP. Thus the paper aims at answering the following two questions: (1) Do economies of scale really not occur in BSS D&EP? (2) If economies of scale may occur in BSS D&EP, what factors are then promoting them? These issues classify into economics problems of software engineering research and practice.展开更多
In this paper, the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model assumption that all items of a certain product received from a supplier are of perfect quality is relaxed. Another basic assumption that the...In this paper, the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model assumption that all items of a certain product received from a supplier are of perfect quality is relaxed. Another basic assumption that the payment for the items is made at the beginning of the inventory cycle when they are received is also eased. We consider an inventory situation where items received from the supplier are of two types of quality, perfect and imperfect, and a short deferral in payment is allowed. The split between perfect and imperfect quality items is assumed to follow a known probability distribution. Both qualities of items have continuous demands, and items of imperfect quality are sold at a discount. A mathematical model is developed using the net present value of all cash flows involved in the inventory cycle. A numerical method for obtaining the optimal order quantity is presented, and the impact of the short-term financing is analyzed. An example is presented to validate the equations and illustrate the results.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70971092)
文摘In the economic order quantity (EOQ) model, the decision maker has vague information about holding cost, ordering cost and market demand. With these uncertainties characterized as fuzzy variables, a new formula is developed by analyzing the fuzzy total cost. By comparing with other four EOQ formulas, i.e., using the crisp numbers with the highest membership values in classic EOQ formula, using the expected values of fuzzy parameters in classic EOQ formula, using the fuzzy variables in classic EOQ formula and then calculating the expected value, and calculat- ing EOQ by hybrid intelligent algorithm simulation, the effectiveness of this formula Js illustrated.
文摘The aim of this study is to identify the variables affecting land value. Examined land was selected from the village in Vientiane capital city Laos. Data was collected from 100 villages in center of Vientiane capital city by using survey methods. A hedonic price analysis was conducted to determine the marginal return to different land characteristics using an econometric model corrected for correlation. Parcel characteristics such as distance to public park, village income, distance of population, number of the school within 500 meters buffer, distance to the temple, distance to the major market and distance to the business center (CBD). Arc GIS 9.2 was applied to calculate the distance of the factors, after that SPSS 15.0 was used to calculate the land price characteristic based on hedonic price model. The results showed that the distance to the center of population was the main factor influencing to the land price, and followed by school and village income. Map of the land price before and after hedonic price analysis were produced. The land price valuation approaches based on hedonic price model for Vientiane capital city were developed and land price map were predicted. Hedonic price model and GIS were very useful for this research, and finally the policy of the land valuation based on GIS was developed.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70171039)Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70131010 )Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No. G01-09)
文摘A fuzzy integral based way of measurement assessment has been established by using linguistic varia-bles and combining fuzzy integral with hierarchy analysis for measurement of medium and small enterprises'product innovation. The conclusions drawn from analyses made with 20 medium and small enterprises providebases for governments to formulate applicable policies and for medium and small enterprises to enhance theirproduct innovation.
文摘People currentiy pay attention to a hotspot problem that how industrial production is evaluated and controlled based on sustainable development theory. Quality is one of the important indexes. Two mainstream theories guide us to realize the industrial sustainable development: mainly the circular economy and sustainable manufacturing are introduced. The basic characteristics of the sustainable manufacturing are introduced, and that quality management is important contents of sustainable development is indicated. Based on circular economy and sustainable manufacture theories, the drawbacks in the existing quality management models are analyzed. The requests that satisfy the big system "environment- society - economy" are summarized to build up a model. A Chinese traditional cultural principle is applied and the relevant contents are sublimated as the platform to set up the model. The new quality management concept models are put forward "T- D- R" three-dimensional structures and "ecological quality loop" model, from which the new quality concepts are formed The paper elaborates the contents and the process of setting up the models. The big quality problems of the system can be handled by the new quality concept and model that are validated in practice.
基金sponsored by major program of Human and Social Sciences Key Research Center under the Ministry of Education,Theory and Policy Research for the Development of China's Strategic Emerging Industries(Approval No.10JJD790013)National Social Sciences Fund major program"New Tendencies of World Industrial Development and China's Fostering of Strategic Emerging Industries"(Approval No.12&ZD068)major program of Liaoning Social Sciences Planning Fund Research on Strategies for Industrial Structure Optimization of Liaoning Province(Approval No.L10AJL004)
文摘With analysis of producer's and factor supplier's dual optimization motives,this paper developed an optimal nominal output growth rate model that can conduct quantified estimation.Result of estimation of China's optimal industrial structure between1992 and 2009 indicates that optimal nominal output growth rate model has successfully quantified the impact of major events occurring in the process of China's economic operation on the level of deviation between actual industrial structure and optimal industrial structure.Quantitative indicators involved in this model can provide industrial policy instruments for the Chinese government in developing and adjusting industrial structure targets,optimizing resource allocation and advancing industrial structure optimization and upgrade.
文摘Thailand has currently enhanced and promoted intensive trade and investment liberalization and implemented long-term growth policy according with current regional economic integration, WTO obligations and globalization. Nevertheless, several recent internal and external factors e.g. the massive SARS and avian flu outbreaks, the Indian Ocean tsunami devastation, the Asia financial crisis and domestic policy reforms (ICSEAD, 2006) have also impeded this policy. While the issues are important for Thailand and developing countries in Asia, only limited research has been undertaken to investigate them. The paper conducts a substantive quantitative study to contribute to these trade and development policy issues. A new econometric modelling policy method, namely the generalized gravity theory (Tran Van Hoa, 2004) is used to develop a simple flexible simultaneous-equation econometric model of Thailand's openness model with its seven major trade partners (ASEAN-4, Australia, the USA, the EU, China, Japan and India). Using data from the ICSEAD, the World Development Indicators and the Bank of Thailand databases, the paper reveals efficient and reliable empirical findings on trade-growth causality, trade determination including the impact of shocks and policy reform on trade and growth between Thailand and its major trade partners over the past two decades. The paper also provides evidence on the linkages between trade in goods, FDI and services and regional economic integration for more credible policy implications.
基金Communications Bureau of Shandong Province(2005R17)
文摘Based on economics theory,social value loss caused by vehicle involved in crashes as well as various factors influencing on it were analyzed,the corresponding mi- cro-econometrics model was theoretically given.Moreover,the practicability of the model, the veracity and rationality of quantification were analyzed.Based on probability theory and mathematical statistical theory,macro approach to evaluating vehicle damage in crashes was presented,and the corresponding macro-econometrics model was con- structed.In addition,the macro-econometrics model was utilized to assess economic loss from statistical data of vehicle damaged in crashes,which has shown that the model can meet the demand of quantification analysis of vehicle damage,and be applied to the evaluation of economic loss caused by crashes.The results in this paper will be of practic- al significance for scientific,comprehensive and rational evaluating socio-economic loss caused by road crashes.
文摘The main objective of this paper is that of surveying both theoretic and econometric models exploring the existence of knowledge spillovers and quantifying firm's ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit existing information (absorptive capacity). In so doing, we explore different methodologies through which we may analyze the knowledge transmission: both the production function approach and the knowledge function approach. In order to construct the spillover stocks, different dimensions are considered: geographic and technological.
文摘This paper aims to examine and analyse the level of intra-industry trade on economy of ASEAN. These data obtained from the accurate and reliable source of ASEAN Trade Statistics databases. The importance of intra-industry and measurement is also described. Moreover, the linkage of intra-industry trade and investment liberalization under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is also explained. The effective enhancement schemed to increase the competitiveness of specific industries had been proposed to enhance ASEAN to be efficient production hub and network of region that lead to the ultimate goal of single market. The further studies can be applied to construct and estimate the econometric model and forecasting technique to confirm the empirical results.
文摘Econometric models have not been widely used for thorough analysis of the statistics published by banks. The paper presents the results of analyses of Estonian Banking, made by the authors during the last seven years. Earlier results have been published in a number of collections of research articles and have been reported on international conferences worldwide (in Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Poland, Check Republic, Chile, China, and USA, etc.). From econometric models, the Cobb-Douglas production function with income-earning assets, equity, liabilities and fixed assets as inputs was selected. The time period chosen is from the first quarter of 1995 to the fourth quarter of 2008 that is a total of 56 periods. The balance sheets and income statements published quarterly by the banks were used as the empirical base of analysis.
文摘This paper uses regression analysis and econometric modeling foundations to track public expenditures in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Fejesova, 2011) and their influences on the development of the following two targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy: to increase the employment of the selected population groups to a predetermined percentage level and to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty. In addition to the selection of monitored indicators, we included other indicators from the social sphere, which are funded by mandatory national public expenditure budgets and which are expected to have a positive development in terms of improving the demographic structure of the country--the unemployment rate and the number of live births.
文摘Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides worldwide. Public health studies in Brazil show that inadequate use of pesticides increases the incidence of accidents and contamination of poor rural communities. This study sought to identify factors that determine the occurrence of problems with pesticides in a typical Brazilian land reform settlement. The study was carried out in Caiaponia, Goias state. In the empirical analysis, the econometric model pro bit was used. The dependent variable was the existence of health problems in the family setting that are caused by pesticides. The independent variables were the family size; the attendance to any church, whether Catholic or Protestant; if farmers received any technical assistance; the current health condition of the family, and if there are exacerbated erosion problems on the farm. Data from 28 farmers were collected through a structured questionnaire. Among the main findings, larger families have a higher probability of accidents involving pesticides. The current healthy conditions of family and the problems of soiled gradation in the farm imply are duction in the likelihood of contamination with pesticides. These two results indicate that rural households that have good health condition and have experienced environmental degradation on their farm have higher environmental awareness.
文摘This paper presents an analysis of the effects of the Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway (in Zhejiang Province of the People' s Republic of China) on the region' s economic development. An econometric model shows the estimated contributions attributable to the expressway have increased year by year. And statistical data indicate that the Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway has promoted to some extent the region's economic devel-opment in various aspects.
文摘As a key factor of economic growth, productivity has been valued in the academic community. Today, with the rapid development of service industry, the research for service productivity has also attracted wide attention. However, in the service industry, because of its own characteristics and properties, measurement of service productivity could not apply for the traditional productivity measurement methods simply. This research first has put out the constitution model of service productivity, and thus put out the measurement model of service productivity. And explains that service productivity is a function which contains internal efficiency, external efficiency, and capacity efficiency. In service productivity, external efficiency is the key one, internal efficie and capacity efficiency should also be given considerations. Eventually, the strategy of implementing measurement of service productivity have been proposed ncy the
文摘Coal storing and loading have much more influence on coal quality. In the paper, a goal programming model has been constructed to determine the ideal quantity extracting from stockpile and silos and a quality control model is inferred under the guidance of maximum theory of dispersed number and practice methods are given to meet production demand, with which a coal mine has achieved a better tech-economic result.
基金supported by the youth program of the National Natural Sciences Fund “Effects of embeddedness in GVC on the performance of China local manufacturing”(Grant No.71203105)the youth program of the Cultural and Social Sciences Fund of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.12YJC790123)
文摘This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China's manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R&D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the "low-end lock-up" effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R&D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.
基金Interim research result of 2009 Planned Projectof Social Sciences of Fujian Province (Grant No.:2009B062)
文摘In this paper, the author uses super-efficiency DEA model to measure the national and regional energy efficiency in China; using spatial econometric model and from the perspective of geo-spatial spillover, the author interprets the spatial characteristies of energy efficiency and extracts the main factors that influ- ence the regional energy efficiency. The analysis results show that: (1) the national and regional energy efficiency is consistent with inverted U-shaped curve, and the nationwide energy efficiency gap is increasing; (2) energy efficiency has the obvious effect of the spatial external effect, and when the government makes energy saving strategies, inter-regional energy cooperation and the prolif- eration of advanced production technology should be given more priority; (3) energy efficiency has significant negative correlation with government intervention, industrial structure, ownership structure, the energy consumption structure, and resource endowments, and has positive correlation with the degree of opening-up and energy price.
文摘The threats concerning financial stability seriously affect the overall functioning of the economy at a local, regional, national, and continental level instead of a global level, and therefore, the emphasis is laid on analyzing the causes and effects of such threats. Financial crises in the current decade, as well as those in the past have shown that a major cause of instability in the global market is the so-called financial contagion. This leads to a natural question: whether similar authorities could specify and mitigate these shocks through efficient calculation followed by stability measures taken by banking networks. To answer this question, an empirical research was conducted by analyzing the degree of contagion induced by markets in Central and Eastern Europe, based on an econometric model, involving over 17 European countries, from January 2006 to January 2013.
文摘In the software engineering literature, it is commonly believed that economies of scale do not occur in case of software Development and Enhancement Projects (D&EP). Their per-unit cost does not decrease but increase with the growth of such projects product size. Thus this is diseconomies of scale that occur in them. The significance of this phenomenon results from the fact that it is commonly considered to be one of the fundamental objective causes of their low effectiveness. This is of particular significance with regard to Business Software Systems (BSS) D&EP characterized by exceptionally low effectiveness comparing to other software D&EP. Thus the paper aims at answering the following two questions: (1) Do economies of scale really not occur in BSS D&EP? (2) If economies of scale may occur in BSS D&EP, what factors are then promoting them? These issues classify into economics problems of software engineering research and practice.
文摘In this paper, the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model assumption that all items of a certain product received from a supplier are of perfect quality is relaxed. Another basic assumption that the payment for the items is made at the beginning of the inventory cycle when they are received is also eased. We consider an inventory situation where items received from the supplier are of two types of quality, perfect and imperfect, and a short deferral in payment is allowed. The split between perfect and imperfect quality items is assumed to follow a known probability distribution. Both qualities of items have continuous demands, and items of imperfect quality are sold at a discount. A mathematical model is developed using the net present value of all cash flows involved in the inventory cycle. A numerical method for obtaining the optimal order quantity is presented, and the impact of the short-term financing is analyzed. An example is presented to validate the equations and illustrate the results.