维修费用的经济合理性

为了更好地了解此论文的内容,编者提示如下,此论文共分两部分,第一部分主要是探讨如何较准确地计算维修费用;第二部分主要是探讨如何降低维修费用。

对经济法概念、对象、体系的再认识

在市场经济体制和与之相适应的市场经济法制日趋完善的新形势下，必须重新认识我国经济法的概念、对象与体系。基于对传统的经济法基本理论的深刻反思，我国的经济法应以行政管理性经济关系为调整对象，以宏观调控法、市场管理法、资产资源管理法及涉外经济管理法等为基本框架，从而构成我国经济法的科学体系。

Cost-effectiveness analysis of early veno-venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis in China

AIM： To determine the most cost-effective hemofiltration modality for early management of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） in China. METHODS： We carried out a search of Pub-Medline and Chinese Biomedical Disk database. Controlled clinical trials on Chinese population were included in the analysis. The four decision branches that were analyzed were： continuous or long-term veno-venous hemofiltration （CVVH/LVVH）, short-term veno-venous hemofiltration （SVVH）, SVVH plus peritoneal dialysis （PD）, and non-hemofiltration control group. The effectiveness of the technique was determined by survival rate, complications prevention and surgery preservation. The total cost of hospitalization was also assessed. RESULTS： The SVVH only technique was the least costly modality, $5809 （44449 RMB）, and was selected as the baseline treatment modality. SVVH only arm achieved the lowest C/E ratio in terms of overall survival, complications prevention and surgery preservation. In incremental cost-effectiveness analysis, the CWH/ LVVH only and the control arms were inferior to other techniques. Sensitivity analysis showed SVVH only and SVVH plus PD arms overlapped in C/survival ratio. CONCLUSION： The role of early veno-venous hemofiltration as an alternative therapy for SAP remains controversial. However, we propose that early use of short-term high-volume veno-venous hemofiltration would have a beneficial impact on the management of SAP.

Uncovering the Connections Among Sustainability, Governance and GDP

This paper examines the connections among sustain- ability, governance and GDP, using the data from 123 countries. Sustainability is found to be related with GDP in two contradic- tory ways. On the one hand, growth in GDP strengthens a nation’s ability to maintain favorable environmental conditions into the future. On the other hand, GDP growth is built on more consump- tion of natural resources, and therefore generates a larger “foot- print” on the Earth. Governance plays a key role in sustainable development. However, it is not helping to reduce our footprint on the Earth. In fact, good governance is linked to a larger footprint. This reflects our materialist value and human impulse. When a society prefers the comfort and well-being of human beings to the welfare of its environment, democratic governance might be used as an effective tool against nature.

New Challenges and Opportunities for Flood Control in the Huai River: Addressing a Changing River-Lake Relationship

This paper addresses the change of the river-lake relationship in the Huai River and its causes due to environmental change and human activities. A preliminary analysis is made from three aspects: (1) the natural geographical change particularly captured by the Yellow River, (2) water conservancy project construction, and (3) socioeconomic development in the Huai River Basin. Key problems of changes in this river-lake relationship and the Huai River flood control are tackled, involving flood control and disaster alleviation ability of the Basin, engineering and non-engineering measurements applied to flood control and disaster mitigation, and water governance for adaptive management. Research shows that the Huai River is a rather complex one due to its complex geography with a hybrid wet and dry climate zoon, and higher population density. With the alternation of the river-lake relationship and socioeconomic development in the region, new problems keep arising, imposing new requirements on its sustainable water management. Thus, understanding the Huai River is a long and gradually improving process. Its future planning should keep absorbing new achievements of science and technology development, employing new technologies and methods, and gradually deepening our understanding of its fundamental principles. Water governance and adaptive water management will be new challenges and opportunities for the Basin in its river system change and flood control.

Moving the Goalpost： ＂Come-We-Stay＂ Practice in Menchum Division （MD）, Cameroon

This paper seeks to understand people＇s perception of ＂come-we-stay＂ （CWS） cohabitation in Menchum Division （MD）, Cameroon. As in most of Africa, marriage is a valued institution that ensures the continuation of the family tree. The emergence of CWS is gathering momentum fast in many communities in the country much to the dislike,of the church and custodians of tradition who perceive CWS to be a cheap union form that breaches marriage norms. This paper seeks to address whether the emergence of CWS has affected marriage perceptions in MD. Initially, quantitative data were collected via online survey disseminated via Facebook. The time-efficiency, economic viability, convenience and anonymity of this method made it a viable method for this study. Later, however, due to a low response to the Facebook link, the online survey was constructed into a questionnaire and administered to the same target population. Questionnaires were relevant to this study because they could be self-administered. However, the questionnaires were limited as they did not allow for attention to details. The data were analysed using content analysis.

Research on Business Performance Management in China

In China, performance management is much more emphasized than before. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems of performance management in enterprises of China, brings forward its necessity to integrate business performance management, and then gives a framework of business performance management. The conclusions of this paper will be benefited to further study on how to improve performance through implementing BPM for enterprises.

Cost Evaluation of Compact Dairy Wastewater Treatment System in Kuwait

In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amount of wastewater, which is heavily loaded with organic and other toxic compounds. Disposal of dairy wastewater effluent without sufficient treatment can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Cost efficient treatment processes that are effective in removing organic load and other contaminants are essential to meet stringent environmental regulations applied in Kuwait. A research study was carried out at the KISR （Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research） to assess the technical viability and economic feasibility of combined microfiltration and biological treatment system. This work presents the economic evaluation of the adopted treatment system. The results show that the cost of the integrated system for large scale is estimated to be US$ 1.575/m3, which is 25% less than the cost of wastewater transportation and treatment in conventional sewage plants.

Analysis of Influential element of Building Economy in Zhengzhou, Henan

With the rapid development of Chinese society, building economy developped more and more rapidly and management job is increasingly onerous. In this paper, using rough set to Henan province Zhengzhou city building economy undertakes an analysis, extracting the important attribute information and removing of miscellaneous information, getting restricting the building economy development influence factor, and analysis of building economy of the intrinsic law of development, the developers were reasonable guiding to promote business buildings and building economic development, helping government departments to carry out economic decisions.

Quality oriented value and performance drivers

The quality endeavors of an organization, like other enterprise activities, must be oriented towards the economic principles. This approach gives a way to many organizations to question the extent to which the quality management contributes for the overall business success and to pin point the areas where particularly a high value or performance can be created in order to attain the maximum possible economic benefits out of quality management systems. Without including the answer of this question in the decision making process, the resources can not be allocated optimally for the quality purpose. Quality management activities create variety of effects that indirectly contributes towards the economic success and thus increase the company and stakeholder value. A closer look at the quality management philosophy reveals eight major principles namely： customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, process approach, system approach to management, continual improvement, factual approach to decision making, mutually beneficial supplier relationships. These eight principles lead the efforts in the domain of quality management to project a positive impact on the company. For an understanding of response relationships, it is necessary to consider in detail the indicators along the response relationships. They provide helpful clues and give an insight into the complex mechanisms of action of the quality approaches on the path to the company＇s success. The following illustration depicts how the quality based activities generate the value to enhance the performance and a variety of indicators reflects how they indirectly add value to an organization and hence contribute to its economic success.

Research on Training Mode and Mechanism of Economic Management Talents of ＂Innovation-Entrepreneurship Type＂

Innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a country. Only make full use of creative thinking, can society have a substantial development. Cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents for the society is an inescapable mission of colleges and universities. Entrepreneurship and innovation are conducive to China’s enterprises in many aspects of structural optimization. Talents with certain innovation ability can meet the requirements of social development. The colleges and universities are important bases for cultivating innovative talents which take it as a strategic task to cultivate innovation-entrepreneurship type talents. Nevertheless, most of the colleges and universities do not pay attention to innovation and entrepreneurship education and the teaching institutions should actively reform, and make full use of advanced information technology and train innovative talents. In this paper, we discuss the importance of training mode and mechanism of economic management talents with innovation-entrepreneurship type, and we put forward the direction of innovation and entrepreneurship education, at the same time, an innovative management mechanism should be established.

Managing Depreciation Expectations

The stability of China’s currency is dependent on a number of factors For the last two years the renminbi has been plagued by depreciation pressure.It has,once again,become a hot topic since October.Although the renminbi’s depreciation has not roused market panic,the instability of the current international political and economic environment signals the need for caution when dealing with the depreciation.