含蜡热油管道低输量时结蜡对能耗的影响

结蜡现象对含蜡热油管道的运行能耗存在着两个方面的影响。其正面影响是管道结蜡层的存在 ,将降低管道总传热系数 ,使热力费用减少 ;负面影响是结蜡层会使管道的通流截面积减小 ,摩阻增大 ,所耗动力费用增加。特别是当管道长期处于低输量、偏离经济流速运行时 ,结蜡层的存在会对管道的热能及压能消耗产生更为显著的影响。为探讨结蜡层对管道运行经济性的影响规律 ,通过对比低输量下有无结蜡层时的管道能耗费用 ,并以节省的能耗费用最大为目标 ,建立了求解管道低输量运行时的经济结蜡厚度的数学模型。算例的计算结果表明 ,当管道输量低于设计值时 ,都对应着一个经济结蜡厚度 ,使得管道运行的能耗费用最省 ;同时在一定输量范围内 ,当输量下降的幅度越大时 ,其经济结蜡厚度亦随之增加 ,并且所节省的能耗费用亦越多。

资源竞争：未来15年中国经济最严峻的挑战

中国已经无法依赖国内资源维持发展。从上世纪80年代开始，中国用短短20多年走完了发达国家上百年的历程，如此大的规模和如此快的速度，使国内不可再生资源捉襟见肘。

经济发展迈入新阶段——新常态下的中国经济(下)

2014年08月07日08:12上半年,经济形势闪耀新亮点,经济运行呈现新特征。种种信号和变化,表明我国经济发展正迈入新的阶段,出现了趋势性、不可逆的新常态。深刻认识新常态,积极适应新常态,才能站上新的历史方位、推动经济持续健康发展。——科学认识新常态。经济进入新常态,是30多年高速发展的必然结果,是客观经济规律作用的体现。持续30多年的高速增长,成就巨大,难能可贵。还能不能继续保持那样的高速度?应该说。

经济企稳回升,发展预期向好——2014年上半年广东经济运行情况分析

2014年上半年,广东经济平稳增长,经济运行基本面总体良好,结构继续调整优化,经济质量和效益保持良好,第二季度主要经济指标相比第一季度有所走强,经济发展预期向好。同时,经济发展稳中有忧,下行压力仍然较大,风险和挑战不容忽视。一、上半年广东经济运行平稳,二季度主要指标有所走强。上半年,广东实现地区生产总值3.09万亿元,同比增长7.5%,增速比一季度提高0.3个百分点,比全国平均水平高0.1个百分点。其中,第一产业增长2.7%,增幅比一季度提高0.4个百分点;第二产业增长7.4%,增幅比一季度提高0.3个百分点;

新建本科院校转型发展研究述评

伴随着我国高等教育结构的战略性调整,地方本科院校特别是新建本科院校将向应用型高校转型发展。学界对转型发展中存在的理论和现实问题,从不同层面、不同维度进行了大量研究,提出了许多有价值的观点,一些新建本科院校也在探索转型发展的实践中,对研究成果不断地进行丰富和完善。笔者查阅了学界从2009年以来的相关研究文献,对提出独到见解的文章进行了比较系统的综述,期望能让研究者对前期的研究成果有清晰的总览。

两年历程不平凡 前进道路不平坦——写在中国加入世贸组织两周年之际

两年来,我国的WTO应对工作取得了阶段性成果,但必须认识到,应对加入世贸组织的工作是一项长期性的任务,特别是随着过渡期的缩短和结束,对某些产业的冲击会逐渐加大;国际上形形色色的贸易保护主义愈演愈烈,已经对我国的出口造成了很大的障碍。今后我们将会面临更严峻的考验和更大的挑战。因此必须在思想上高度重视,尽快提高应对水平和应对能力,努力维护国家产业和经济安全。

China’s Potential Economic Growths during 2015-2025 under Different Scenarios~

China has entered a crucial period of further growth and restructuring that will last until 2025. Based on a review of the major factors affecting China＇s potential economic growth, this paper has created an integrated economic system model consisting of system dynamics, econometrics, and input-output for the forecast of China＇s economic size and structure by 2025. Analysis shows that prior to 2025, China will be able to maintain a potential annual economic growth rate of 5.7%-7.2%. Faced with an international environment of a possible slowdown of advanced economies and diminishing demographic dividends, China needs to further expedite its urbanization process, enhance R＆D and education spending, increase total factor productivity （TFP）, vigorously develop the tertiary sector, and expand consumption in order to achieve the optimistically estimated growth of 6.6%-7.4% during the period of 2015-2025. Economic growth should be accompanied by the upgrade of industry structure and improvement of investment and consumption structures.

Chinese and US S&T Innovation Policies and Their Effects on Economic Growth Potentials

Since the eruption of the recent global financial crisis, major countries have been pushing forward structural reforms with science and technology （S＆T） innovation at the heart. Since taking office, US President Donald Trump has adopted an ＂America First＂ strategy but has yet to specify a clear S＆T innovation policy. However, Trump＇s current policies have already affected S＆T innovation and his planned budget cuts will impact US growth potentials. Compared with the US, China is steadily implementing its innovation-driven development strategy with significant improvement in S＆ T innovation that increasingly supports economic growth. To spur future economic growth, China should steadfastly follow its S＆T innovation strategy, promote the utilization of S＆T innovation results, boost its economic growth potentials and make the most of global innovation resources.

Cointegration analysis with structural changes between consumption and economic growth in China

In order to investigate the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, the relationship between the gross domestic product （GDP） and consumption in China was investigated by the cointegration analysis method. Using the Engle-Granger （EG） test and considering the possibility of structural changes, the impact of external economic shocks on the long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China was analyzed. Analysis results show that without considering structural changes, the EG test cannot detect cointegration in the series subjected to structural changes; in considering structural changes, cointegration is successfully detected by specifying the dummy variable. In addition, the error correction models were constructed in different periods. This study verifies the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, and this relationship has significantly changed in 1989 and 1997, respectively.

The Study on Industrial Structure Adjustment of Farmer Economic Net Income Doubled in Mountain Area

The aim was to study the main industry effect the double of the per capi- ta net income of farmers economic. The relation between six industry net income per capita income of farmers including grain, animal husbandry, flue-cured tobacco, walnut, long-term labor expot, seasonal labor export and the net income of farmers per capita in the Wazitian Village of Baoshan, Yunnan was studied by means of the effect main industry doubled net income of farmers per capita economic and the grey correlation analysis. The correlation degree of six industry and the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export〉seasonal labor export〉 walnut〉grain〉animal husbandry〉flue-cured tobacco. The pillar industry affecting the net income of farmers per capita economic was long-term labor export, seasonal la- bor export and walnut. The study provided the scionce theoretical basis and method of support for net income per capita economic multiplier of farmers in Baoshan, Yunnan province and even a similar low latitude mountain plateau.

Research on Economic Impact of Super Rice on Rice Growers and Contribution to Food Security

Super rice is an essendal part of China＇s rice production. Through survey on actual situation of 1568 households of rice growers in Heilongjiang, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces, this paper focused on influence of super rice development on increase of China＇s grain yield, influence on increase of rice growers＇ economic in- come, difference in production cost and profit between the North and the South, as well as profit percentage of super rice in production, processing, and sales. It obtained following results： rice price determines rice growers＇ income; expansion of super rice extension area plays a great role in increase of China＇s grain yield; by 2015 and 2020, keeping the yield of other crops not changed, merely the extension of super rice can increase grain for 5 million tons and 11 million tons separately; super rice significantly increases rice growers＇ economic income; for production cost of super rice, the South is higher than the North, and the profit ratio of cost is up to 35.54% on average; with respect of profit in production, processing, and sales, the ratio is 1：2：1.5; with the yield of other crops unchanged, every increase of 1% in area percentage of super rice to rice will additionally produce 1 million tons of grain for China, which is equivalent to saving the yield of 133 300 hm2 farmland and can additional feed 3.5 million people. In view of importance of super rice production, at the same time of strengthening research on super rice variety, it is required to accelerate expanding production area of super rice in suitable areas. Since the development of super rice can support China＇s ration demand of increasing population, China should make effort to realize ＂one yuan for one mu＂ financial subsidy for super rice of main grain production provinces and counties. Besides, China should establish special financial plan for extension of super rice.

Supply-Side Structural Reforms and China's Potential Economic Growth Rate

This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.

湖南省人民政府办公厅关于转发省发改委《湖南省湘西地区开发省规划项目管理暂行办法》的通知 湘政办函〔2006〕142号

湘西自治州、怀化市、张家界市、邵阳市、永州市人民政府,省政府各厅委、各直属机构: 省发改委制订的《湖南省湘西地区开发省规划项目管理暂行办法》已经省人民政府同意,现转发给你们,请认真遵照执行。

An Empirical Study on Chinese City Network Pattern Based on Producer Services

Globalization and informatization have accelerated city networking process over the world, which makes research on city network a hot topic in the fields of urban geography and economic geography. With Chinese economic structure adjustment and city economic growth, producer services have begun to play an increasingly important role in city-region networking. This paper employs the methodology of world city network to analyze and explain the spatial development characteristics of China's urban network system based on the data of nationwide producer services enterprise network. The research result indicated that the distribution of producer services network has a positive effect on the development of Chinese city networks. City network connectivity is closely related to the significance of city in producer services development, and the former will gradually decline with the drop of the latter. Accordingly, the 64 cities can be divided into the national central cities, regional central cities, sub-regional central cities and local central cities in accordance with their position and role in the nationwide producer services network. It is concluded that high-grade cities with quality producer services dominate the pattern of Chinese city networks and there emerges three spatial agglomerations of producer services enterprises in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Economical Region. Moreover, the distribution of different producer services industry varies from city to city, which also affects the characteristics of network development.

Decomposition Analysis of Sectoral Energy Use in Beijing (1981-2005) Using the LMDI Method

This paper aims to identify the main driving force for changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing during the period of 1981-2005.Sectoral energy use was investigated when regional economic structure changed significantly.The changes of total primary energy consumption in Beijing are decomposed into production effects,structural effects and intensity effects using the additive version of the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method.Aggregate decomposition analysis showed that the major contributor of total effect was made by the production effect fol- lowed by the intensity effect,and the structural effect was rela- tively insignificant.The total and production effects were all posi- tive.In contrast,the structural effect and intensity effect were all negative.Sectoral decomposition investigation indicated that the most effective way to slow down the growth rate of total primary energy consumption (TPEC) was to reduce the production of the energy-intensive industrial sectors and improving industrial en- ergy intensity.The results show that in this period,Beijing's economy has undergone a transformation from an industrial to a service economy.However,the structures of sectoral energy use have not been changed yet,and energy demand should be in- creasing until the energy-intensive industrial production to be reduced and energy intensity of the region reaches a peak.As sequence energy consumption data of sub-sectors are not available, only the fundamental three sectors are considered:agriculture, industry and service.However,further decomposition into secon- dary and tertiary sectors is definitely needed for detailed investi- gations.

A Review and Outlook of the Centennial of China’s Industrialization:The CPC’s Industrialization Strategy

Industrialization has been a dream for the Chinese nation since modern history and a goal of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Ever since its founding in 1921,the CPC has been exploring a path for China’s industrial development based on socialism as the political and institutional premise.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Chinese people have established a socialist system under the CPC’s leadership and carried out industrial development for over seven decades in the world’s most populous country,blazing a new trail of socialist industrialization with Chinese characteristics.Under the CPC’s leadership,China established an independent and complete industrial system in less than three decades from 1949 to 1978,and developed into the world’s largest industrial power with the most complete industrial sectors in over three decades from 1979 to 2016.In its future industrial development,China aims to complete new-type industrialization by 2035,build a modern economic system,reach the level of moderately developed countries in terms of GDP per capita,and develop into a major world industrial power by the centennial of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.

CHINA'S REGIONAL DISPARITY IN 1981-2000:OPENNESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON-STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION

While China's economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China's deepening openness and structural reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth and China's openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000. The paper finds that the catching-up of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s.The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal region was benefited by China's openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative of the 'West Region Development Strategy' and offer some policy implications for China.

ANALYSIS ON POVERTY IN MOUNTAIN AREAS BASED ON OFF-FARM INDUSTRIES

This paper reveals that agricultural growth trend in China is strongly correlated with the growth of off-farm industries-the curve of net income from off-farm industries reflects the general characteristics of net income of households. That means the increase of net income of farm households is chiefly from off-farm industries,more than from agriculture. The authors therefore conclude that the "poverty" in mountain areas or the gap between mountain areas and plain areas lies in the underdevelopment of off-farm industries in mountain areas. Finally,the authors make suggestions of strategic adjustment of economic structure: 1) present situation of mountain areas in China should be fully considered; 2) a full industrial system is not our desire; 3) advantageous industries should be promoted to create famous products; 4) industrialization and urbanization in mountain areas should be promoted and so on.

The Factor Decomposition on Carbon Emission of China——Based on LMDI Decomposition Technology

Carbon emission is the current hot issue of global concern. How to assess various contributing factors for carbon emission is of great importance to find out the key factors and promote carbon emission reduction. In this paper, the author constructs an identical equation for carbon emission, based on the economic aggregate, the economic structure, the efficiency of energy utilization, the structure of energy consumption, and the coefficient of carbon emission; by applying to LMDI decomposition technology, the author analyzes the carbon emission of China from 1995 to 2007 at industrial level and regional level. The results show that the expansion of economic aggregate is the main reason for China' s rapidly increasing carbon emission and the increase of energy utilization efficiency is the key factor that can hold back the increase of carbon emission. In addition, the change of industrial structure or regional structure and the change of traditional energy structure have limited influence on the carbon emission, and their potentials have not yet been exploited. At the end of this paper, the author proposes the efforts that China should make to reduce carbon emission.

Economic Structure Transformation and Land Use Change of the Changjiang River Basin

Land, as a key factor of production, is an appropriate indicator of national and regional economic structure transformation. Land use in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Basin （CRB） since the 1950s has experienced these changes. Industrialization has been the most powerful force of the change in the regional development of the CRB. Virtually all regional resources were put into this effort to modernize the industrial production and urban construction systems of the CRB whose industrialization and urbanization has been a success story, with impressive structural change in both production and land use. These changes are evident ih modem urban areas, but even more in traditionally rural areas. The regression analysis of regional development in the CRB over an extended period shows that the dominant factor in regional land use change is widespread industrialization in rural areas rather than the expansion of urban area. Thus, urbanization has had a limited influence on land use change in the CRB. A major task in realizing more sustainable land use in the future development of CRB is to relocate industrial activities from rural to urban areas.