While China's economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China&...While China's economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China's deepening openness and structural reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth and China's openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000. The paper finds that the catching-up of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s.The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal region was benefited by China's openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative of the 'West Region Development Strategy' and offer some policy implications for China.展开更多
The present study aims to better understand the relationship between energy intensity and its determinants including energy price, technological progress, economic structure, and energy mix using the autoregressive di...The present study aims to better understand the relationship between energy intensity and its determinants including energy price, technological progress, economic structure, and energy mix using the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL) bounds approach and vector error correction model technique. Based on China's time series over 1985-2014, the ARDL bounds approach yields empirical evidence that confirms the existence of long run relationship between energy price, technological progress, economic structure, energy mix, and energy intensity. The results show that technological progress is an important driver for the declining energy intensity in short and long run. Energy price has not been demonstrated as an important role in decreasing energy intensity in the short run. The high share of coal use in total energy use may be responsible for China's high energy intensity.However, the relative change in economic sectors plays a minor role in energy intensity reduction during the past years. In the long run, technological progress, energy mix and energy prices Granger cause energy intensity, but not vice versa except for the energy mix.展开更多
Six years have passed since the global financial crisis began.Yet,mainstream economists are still far from reaching a consensus on a framework for restructuring macroeconomic policy.In April 2013,many top scholars att...Six years have passed since the global financial crisis began.Yet,mainstream economists are still far from reaching a consensus on a framework for restructuring macroeconomic policy.In April 2013,many top scholars attended the International Monetary Fund's(IMF) second conference on "Rethinking Macro Policy".During the conference,the following basic assessments with respect to macroeconomic policy were reached:economists and policy-makers have entered a "brave new world" where they face more problems than effective solutions and the image of a new macroeconomic policy framework remains opaque.Based on discussions at the conference and the dissertations of important scholars over recent years,this paper provides a systematic review of the reflections of mainstream economic academia regarding the restructuring of a macroeconomic policy framework,with a view to providing an orientation to China s ongoing reform of macroeconomic regulation.展开更多
The purpose of this article was to analyse how fisheries governance can be improved when there is low enforcement capacity by state＇s institutions. Based on the theoretical arguments from the neo-institutionalism and...The purpose of this article was to analyse how fisheries governance can be improved when there is low enforcement capacity by state＇s institutions. Based on the theoretical arguments from the neo-institutionalism and the social capital approaches, the findings of this research point to the role of fishing cooperatives＇ structural organization on the attitude of individuals to comply with regulations. Using a most similar comparative method, it was found that fishers with higher scores of compliance belong to cooperatives that have an outstanding leader, control mechanisms, as well as multi-actor external networks which connect the organization with other networks and thus facilitate the access to knowledge, technology and activities related to conservation and sustainable fishing. The findings of the research coincide with other studies about the importance of leadership that enable good fishing management. This may help in the design of different strategies to address situations with low state capacity to ensure compliance and contribute to solve problems of commons, such as the one in marine fisheries.展开更多
Scientific Land Reform is at centre of decades＇ conflict and even during Peace Process in Nepal. In this regards, land reform attempts to address equity and efficiency so as to address historical inequity and injusti...Scientific Land Reform is at centre of decades＇ conflict and even during Peace Process in Nepal. In this regards, land reform attempts to address equity and efficiency so as to address historical inequity and injustices for promoting peace process in Nepal. From equity perspective, landlessness, unequal power structure and social relation, injustices and discrimination for long centuries are key land issues. Along with this, economic efficiency is the fundamental for enhancing agricultural growth leading to economic growth. In particular, this article argues that, in the given prevailing condition, i.e. traditional and subsistence and rampant rural poverty and unequal power structure and injustices, small farms perform better leading to food and livelihood security at household level. Consequently, ＇Scientific Land Reform＇ has been defined by taking into account the essence of equity and efficiency.展开更多
Over the past two decades, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool in the field of input-output (IO) techniques, but the method was found to suffer from one or more of the fo...Over the past two decades, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool in the field of input-output (IO) techniques, but the method was found to suffer from one or more of the following problems. The decomposition forms, which are used to measure the contribution of a specific determinant, are not unique due to the existence of a multitude of equivalent forms, irrational due to the weights of different determinants not matching, inexact due to the existence of large interaction terms.In this paper, a decomposition method is derived to overcome these deficiencies, and we prove that the result of this approach is equal to the Shapley value in cooperative games,and so some properties of the method are obtained. Beyond that, the two approaches that have been used predominantly in the literature have been proved to be the approximate solutions of the method.展开更多
文摘While China's economic growth has been impressive since 1978, regional disparity in terms of provincial per capita GDP has been increasing. On the other hand, this rapid but uneven growth was accompanied by China's deepening openness and structural reforms including the development of non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and fiscal decentralization. Based on quantitative analyses, this paper tries to explore the features of regional disparity in China and the relationships between regional growth and China's openness and economic structure reforms in the period from 1981 to 2000. The paper finds that the catching-up of the coastal region to the initially rich provinces, which are mainly located in inland areas, brought about a convergence of the growth pattern across provinces in the 1980s.The subsequent divergence in the provincial growth rates between the coast and the interior generated an enlarging regional disparity in China in the 1990s. The ever-faster growth in the coastal region was benefited by China's openness and the development of non-state-owned enterprises. The development of non-state-owned enterprises underlies the higher operational efficiency in the coastal region. Additionally, with the insignificant regression results, fiscal decentralization was observed to facilitate faster growth in the coast region. The findings justify the initiative of the 'West Region Development Strategy' and offer some policy implications for China.
文摘The present study aims to better understand the relationship between energy intensity and its determinants including energy price, technological progress, economic structure, and energy mix using the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL) bounds approach and vector error correction model technique. Based on China's time series over 1985-2014, the ARDL bounds approach yields empirical evidence that confirms the existence of long run relationship between energy price, technological progress, economic structure, energy mix, and energy intensity. The results show that technological progress is an important driver for the declining energy intensity in short and long run. Energy price has not been demonstrated as an important role in decreasing energy intensity in the short run. The high share of coal use in total energy use may be responsible for China's high energy intensity.However, the relative change in economic sectors plays a minor role in energy intensity reduction during the past years. In the long run, technological progress, energy mix and energy prices Granger cause energy intensity, but not vice versa except for the energy mix.
文摘Six years have passed since the global financial crisis began.Yet,mainstream economists are still far from reaching a consensus on a framework for restructuring macroeconomic policy.In April 2013,many top scholars attended the International Monetary Fund's(IMF) second conference on "Rethinking Macro Policy".During the conference,the following basic assessments with respect to macroeconomic policy were reached:economists and policy-makers have entered a "brave new world" where they face more problems than effective solutions and the image of a new macroeconomic policy framework remains opaque.Based on discussions at the conference and the dissertations of important scholars over recent years,this paper provides a systematic review of the reflections of mainstream economic academia regarding the restructuring of a macroeconomic policy framework,with a view to providing an orientation to China s ongoing reform of macroeconomic regulation.
文摘The purpose of this article was to analyse how fisheries governance can be improved when there is low enforcement capacity by state＇s institutions. Based on the theoretical arguments from the neo-institutionalism and the social capital approaches, the findings of this research point to the role of fishing cooperatives＇ structural organization on the attitude of individuals to comply with regulations. Using a most similar comparative method, it was found that fishers with higher scores of compliance belong to cooperatives that have an outstanding leader, control mechanisms, as well as multi-actor external networks which connect the organization with other networks and thus facilitate the access to knowledge, technology and activities related to conservation and sustainable fishing. The findings of the research coincide with other studies about the importance of leadership that enable good fishing management. This may help in the design of different strategies to address situations with low state capacity to ensure compliance and contribute to solve problems of commons, such as the one in marine fisheries.
文摘Scientific Land Reform is at centre of decades＇ conflict and even during Peace Process in Nepal. In this regards, land reform attempts to address equity and efficiency so as to address historical inequity and injustices for promoting peace process in Nepal. From equity perspective, landlessness, unequal power structure and social relation, injustices and discrimination for long centuries are key land issues. Along with this, economic efficiency is the fundamental for enhancing agricultural growth leading to economic growth. In particular, this article argues that, in the given prevailing condition, i.e. traditional and subsistence and rampant rural poverty and unequal power structure and injustices, small farms perform better leading to food and livelihood security at household level. Consequently, ＇Scientific Land Reform＇ has been defined by taking into account the essence of equity and efficiency.
基金This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70131002).
文摘Over the past two decades, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool in the field of input-output (IO) techniques, but the method was found to suffer from one or more of the following problems. The decomposition forms, which are used to measure the contribution of a specific determinant, are not unique due to the existence of a multitude of equivalent forms, irrational due to the weights of different determinants not matching, inexact due to the existence of large interaction terms.In this paper, a decomposition method is derived to overcome these deficiencies, and we prove that the result of this approach is equal to the Shapley value in cooperative games,and so some properties of the method are obtained. Beyond that, the two approaches that have been used predominantly in the literature have been proved to be the approximate solutions of the method.
