China has built three policy banks since 1994, which are China Development Bank, China Export-import Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank. Policy banks, as an important financial instrument, have made great co...China has built three policy banks since 1994, which are China Development Bank, China Export-import Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank. Policy banks, as an important financial instrument, have made great contributions to the development of China＇ s economy. But there isn＇ t an official law fbr policy banks for a long time. They just operate based on some relevant documents and regulations of their own. However these documents and regulations are always indistinct in law, which is not good for the further development of policy banks and the accomplishment of our country＇ s financial system. As a result, in order to standardize the operation of China＇ s policy banks, it＇ s essential to position policy banks in law accurately, which is also the only way to legalize policy banks. Aiming at finding out the problems existing in policy banks of China in present, this paper analyzes the general theory of policy banks, some relevant international experience and the current situation of law position of china＇ s policy banks. In addition, through the analyses of possible solutions, this paper wishes to reconstruct the legal location of China ＇ s policy banks.展开更多
The financial sector has played a small role in the restructuring of the manufacturing sector in transition economies, and in some cases, financial liberalization may have undermined real sector development. However, ...The financial sector has played a small role in the restructuring of the manufacturing sector in transition economies, and in some cases, financial liberalization may have undermined real sector development. However, stable and stimulating business environment is crucial for economic development. The aim of this paper is to show the main changes that have been implemented in Montenegro so far, and guidelines for changes in the financial market in Montenegro, for further harmonization in accordance with the requirements of European Union （EU） accession. Also, the ability of governments of transition economies to enforce contracts and to achieve fiscal and monetary responsibility is of great importance for economic and financial development. By adopting the new Constitution of Montenegro, in the field of regulation of the financial system, there have been significant changes, recognizing the Central Bank as an institution responsible for financial stability. The authors will give a review of the actual state of the financial market in Montenegro, as well as recommendations for further changes in order to create a favorable climate for entrepreneurship and to strengthen the overall financial system.展开更多
This paper gives a systematic view of the new trends of global carbon finance innovation under the challenge of global climate change and in the process of transition to achieve economic growth from "high carbon&...This paper gives a systematic view of the new trends of global carbon finance innovation under the challenge of global climate change and in the process of transition to achieve economic growth from "high carbon" to 'low carbon",covering the following aspects:the structure,status quo and developing trend of global carbon market.The paper discusses the innovation in financial organization and service systems and governments' overall guidance and policy support,and draws the conclusion that the world is undergoing massive changes with governments actively responding to carbon finance to embrace the tremendous opportunities for clean energy and climate change in financial industry.To seize the opportunity,a complete and overall carbon finance system of China should be put in the top of the agenda.Given the current tasks of energy conservation and pollution reduction and the growing demand for capital input,China needs to construct an clear of policy guidance,a diversified financia service system,and a multi-approach carbon finance system to intensify and widen the participation of financial industry,to expand financing channels for sustainable economy and spread risks,and finally,work out an inexpensive solution to the realization of China's low carbon target.展开更多
A secondary indexes system is constructed by using the SERVQUAL model of the service satisfaction measurement and combining the basic principles of financial service as well as its ＂tolerance zones＂ . All kinds of f...A secondary indexes system is constructed by using the SERVQUAL model of the service satisfaction measurement and combining the basic principles of financial service as well as its ＂tolerance zones＂ . All kinds of financial service satisfaction indexes are analyzed and tested empirically in Shanghai and other major emerging financial centers, and it is concluded that emerging financial centers are in a disadvantage position of the financial service level as a whole in comparison with the mature international financial centers, while Shanghai is demanded to make an improvement in the credibility of financial services and the professional knowledge reserve of service personnel in comparison with other emerging financial centers.展开更多
This paper＇s objective is to examine the relationship between public and private sectors through the mechanisms of public intervention in the market. With the financial and economic crisis of 2008, there has been a c...This paper＇s objective is to examine the relationship between public and private sectors through the mechanisms of public intervention in the market. With the financial and economic crisis of 2008, there has been a coordination of states （G20） for the implementation of affirmative action in order to support the international financial system. Our hypothesis is that resource dependence is the basis of all interactions between the public and private sectors. The fact that the public sector bails out private sector activity shows that it is beneficial to citizens through employment and taxes repaid by the company and all this contributes to social stability. Here we develop an argument in two phases. The first is to revisit the question of the relationship between the state and the market. The second part develops the hypothesis by focusing on the interdependence of resources. The theory of resource dependence often applied to international relations and inter-organizational business has allowed us to highlight the correlation between public and private sectors展开更多
文摘China has built three policy banks since 1994, which are China Development Bank, China Export-import Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank. Policy banks, as an important financial instrument, have made great contributions to the development of China＇ s economy. But there isn＇ t an official law fbr policy banks for a long time. They just operate based on some relevant documents and regulations of their own. However these documents and regulations are always indistinct in law, which is not good for the further development of policy banks and the accomplishment of our country＇ s financial system. As a result, in order to standardize the operation of China＇ s policy banks, it＇ s essential to position policy banks in law accurately, which is also the only way to legalize policy banks. Aiming at finding out the problems existing in policy banks of China in present, this paper analyzes the general theory of policy banks, some relevant international experience and the current situation of law position of china＇ s policy banks. In addition, through the analyses of possible solutions, this paper wishes to reconstruct the legal location of China ＇ s policy banks.
文摘The financial sector has played a small role in the restructuring of the manufacturing sector in transition economies, and in some cases, financial liberalization may have undermined real sector development. However, stable and stimulating business environment is crucial for economic development. The aim of this paper is to show the main changes that have been implemented in Montenegro so far, and guidelines for changes in the financial market in Montenegro, for further harmonization in accordance with the requirements of European Union （EU） accession. Also, the ability of governments of transition economies to enforce contracts and to achieve fiscal and monetary responsibility is of great importance for economic and financial development. By adopting the new Constitution of Montenegro, in the field of regulation of the financial system, there have been significant changes, recognizing the Central Bank as an institution responsible for financial stability. The authors will give a review of the actual state of the financial market in Montenegro, as well as recommendations for further changes in order to create a favorable climate for entrepreneurship and to strengthen the overall financial system.
文摘This paper gives a systematic view of the new trends of global carbon finance innovation under the challenge of global climate change and in the process of transition to achieve economic growth from "high carbon" to 'low carbon",covering the following aspects:the structure,status quo and developing trend of global carbon market.The paper discusses the innovation in financial organization and service systems and governments' overall guidance and policy support,and draws the conclusion that the world is undergoing massive changes with governments actively responding to carbon finance to embrace the tremendous opportunities for clean energy and climate change in financial industry.To seize the opportunity,a complete and overall carbon finance system of China should be put in the top of the agenda.Given the current tasks of energy conservation and pollution reduction and the growing demand for capital input,China needs to construct an clear of policy guidance,a diversified financia service system,and a multi-approach carbon finance system to intensify and widen the participation of financial industry,to expand financing channels for sustainable economy and spread risks,and finally,work out an inexpensive solution to the realization of China's low carbon target.
文摘A secondary indexes system is constructed by using the SERVQUAL model of the service satisfaction measurement and combining the basic principles of financial service as well as its ＂tolerance zones＂ . All kinds of financial service satisfaction indexes are analyzed and tested empirically in Shanghai and other major emerging financial centers, and it is concluded that emerging financial centers are in a disadvantage position of the financial service level as a whole in comparison with the mature international financial centers, while Shanghai is demanded to make an improvement in the credibility of financial services and the professional knowledge reserve of service personnel in comparison with other emerging financial centers.
文摘This paper＇s objective is to examine the relationship between public and private sectors through the mechanisms of public intervention in the market. With the financial and economic crisis of 2008, there has been a coordination of states （G20） for the implementation of affirmative action in order to support the international financial system. Our hypothesis is that resource dependence is the basis of all interactions between the public and private sectors. The fact that the public sector bails out private sector activity shows that it is beneficial to citizens through employment and taxes repaid by the company and all this contributes to social stability. Here we develop an argument in two phases. The first is to revisit the question of the relationship between the state and the market. The second part develops the hypothesis by focusing on the interdependence of resources. The theory of resource dependence often applied to international relations and inter-organizational business has allowed us to highlight the correlation between public and private sectors
