基于径路规则的铁路货物运输特定径路计算方法研究

车流径路是铁路车流组织工作的重要内容,面对规模庞大的铁路网,非形式化的自然语言规定的车流径路技术文件已难以直接、高效地指导车流组织工作,不利于提高车流径路管理效率。基于此,从区域发到型、支点经由型、经由更改型、限制通过型、OD映射型等方面,梳理车流径路条文描述方式,按条文描述特征分类并转化为范式统一的径路规则,建立对应的规则库。设计指定发、到站间车流特定径路计算流程,基于特定径路规则库对最短径路进行调整,使之能够逐步匹配特定径路规则要求。以车流径路技术文件为基础建立规则库,并对黄岛—胶州集装箱车流特定径路进行计算。结果表明,算法能够快速、准确地生成特定径路,具备一定的有效性与合理性,能够为车流径路日常管理和深入研究提供依据。

Root Causes of China’s Trade Surplus and How to Balance It

This paper explains the root cause of China＇s trade surplus and argues that it is rooted in structural factors. China＇s dual economic structure and the relatively slow growth in wages due to the abundant supply of labor have led to a large supply glut between China＇s domestic demand and output, which has been balanced by export. This is a structural problem that cannot be solved by currency appreciation or the readjustment of capital account deficits. A potentially viable option is to adjust the current account by developing a new opening-up system featuring more freedom and compliance.