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特许经营的新形态——次级特许经营
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作者 王卫东 《港澳经济》 北大核心 1998年第5期44-46,共3页
特许经营作为一种经营方式在西方国家十分流行,经几十年的发展,其具体形态已日益丰富;其中,次级特许经营(sub-franchising)是一种较新的形态。它始于70年代中期的美国房地产领域,随后便迅速扩展,成为如今流行的特许结构之一。根据美国Fr... 特许经营作为一种经营方式在西方国家十分流行,经几十年的发展,其具体形态已日益丰富;其中,次级特许经营(sub-franchising)是一种较新的形态。它始于70年代中期的美国房地产领域,随后便迅速扩展,成为如今流行的特许结构之一。根据美国Francorp特许顾问公司的调查,在特许经营中,次级特许经营合同的比例1989年只有5.7%,而到1990年就上升到18.9%;由此可见,次级特许经营将会越来越受到广泛的重视。 展开更多
关键词 经营 次级经营 优势 经营方式
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走绿色产业之路 创鲁北特色经营模式
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《农资科技》 1999年第3期32-34,共3页
近年来,化肥市场运行低迷、市场价格小幅回落,进口化肥冲击市场,使全国化肥企业都面临着严峻的考验和挑战。同时党和国家坚持发展高产、优质、高效农业战略方针,加速农业产业化进程,改革化肥流通体制,打击化肥走私、控制化肥进口,又为... 近年来,化肥市场运行低迷、市场价格小幅回落,进口化肥冲击市场,使全国化肥企业都面临着严峻的考验和挑战。同时党和国家坚持发展高产、优质、高效农业战略方针,加速农业产业化进程,改革化肥流通体制,打击化肥走私、控制化肥进口,又为全国化肥生产企业发展带来机遇。鲁北企业集团总公司抢抓机遇,深化改革。 展开更多
关键词 鲁北企业集团总公司 经营 绿色产业 名牌战略 服务意识 企业改革 市场导向 化肥生产企业
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稻种“打非”卫士的风采——记洪泽县侦破特大系列非法经营稻种案
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作者 高锦朝 王道勤 《中国种业》 北大核心 2004年第7期28-29,共2页
关键词 洪泽县公安局经侦大队 大系列非法经营稻种案 江苏 粤优938水稻
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资产减值会计的基础理论分析 被引量:6
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作者 孙晓梅 郭群 《财会研究》 北大核心 2003年第1期23-25,共3页
资产减值会计,就是通过对资产减值的确认与计量,来真实反映资产的实际价值,以对由于各种原因引起的资产价值的减损及时进行补偿,保护企业资产价值的完整性,维护投资者利益。
关键词 资产减值会计 资产减值 经营 历史成本原则 资本保全 会计要素 会计计量
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Control strategy for multi-pump emulsion power station in coal mine face 被引量:7
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作者 LI Wen-ying WEI Jin-hong 《Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China)》 2011年第4期443-446,共4页
Shearer and hydraulic support are matching equipments. To increase the operating speed of the shearer, the following speed of hydraulic support must be increased. This means increasing the volume of flow from emulsion... Shearer and hydraulic support are matching equipments. To increase the operating speed of the shearer, the following speed of hydraulic support must be increased. This means increasing the volume of flow from emulsion power station. Analyzing the operating characteristics of hydraulic supports, the number of simultaneously operating supports is obtained by means of pressure parameter and time history at a certain time, which is a theory base for development of control system to multi-pump emulsion power station. 展开更多
关键词 emulsion pump mining face hydraulic support control algorithm
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Loewner Chains Associated with the Generalized Roper-Suffridge Extension Operator on the Unit Ball in Hilbert Spaces 被引量:1
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作者 LIU Tao FENG Shu-xia YAN Chun-yan 《Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics》 CSCD 2009年第1期125-131,共7页
In this paper, we prove that the generalized Roper-Suffridge extension operator can be embeded in Loewner chains on the unit ball in Hibert spaces, and obtain the fact that the operator keeps the properties of almost ... In this paper, we prove that the generalized Roper-Suffridge extension operator can be embeded in Loewner chains on the unit ball in Hibert spaces, and obtain the fact that the operator keeps the properties of almost spirallike mapping of typeβ and order α, almost starlikeness of order α, spirallikeness of type ofβ and starlikeness. 展开更多
关键词 Generalized Roper-Suffridge extension oprator Loewner chains Hilbert Space almost spirallike mapping of typeβ and order α
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Obesity promotes oxidative stress and exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption after high-intensity exercise 被引量:4
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作者 Hee-Tae Roh Su-Youn Cho Wi-Young So 《Journal of Sport and Health Science》 SCIE 2017年第2期225-230,共6页
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Meth... Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Methods: Twenty-four healthy, untrained men(12 non-obese(mean 14.9% body fat) and 12 obese subjects(mean 29.8% body fat)) performed20 min of continuous submaximal aerobic exercise at 85% maximal oxygen consumption. Blood sampling was performed to examine the oxidant-antioxidant status(reactive oxygen species(ROS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)), neurotrophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF)), and BBB disruption(S100β and neuron-specific enolase) before and after acute exercise.Results: The obese group showed significantly higher pre-exercise serum ROS levels and significantly lower pre-exercise serum SOD levels than the non-obese group(p < 0.05). Serum ROS, SOD, BDNF, NGF, and S100β levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in both the non-obese and the obese groups(p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS, BDNF, NGF,and S100β levels post-exercise compared to the non-obese group(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that episodic vigorous exercise can increase oxidative stress and blood neurotrophic factor levels and induce disruption of the BBB. Moreover, high levels of neurotrophic factor in the blood after exercise in the obese group may be due to BBB disruption,and it is assumed that oxidative stress was the main cause of this BBB disruption. 展开更多
关键词 Antioxidant enzyme Blood-brain barrier EXERCISE Neurotrophic factor OBESITY Oxidative stress
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Research On SME Financial Management Problems And The Optimization Measures
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作者 Zhang Lu 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2014年第6期109-111,共3页
On the basis of analysis to the operating characteristics of SMEs, the paper pointed out: There is poor access to finance, lack of internal control systems, accounting foundation work is weak, financial Management In... On the basis of analysis to the operating characteristics of SMEs, the paper pointed out: There is poor access to finance, lack of internal control systems, accounting foundation work is weak, financial Management Information Building and other issues in the financial management of SMEs.This paper proposes measures for SMEs to create a favorable policy environment and services, conduct financial system innovation, emphasis on financial innovation and incentives talents, network management, and establish relevant financial penalties supervision system. 展开更多
关键词 SMES financial management financial system innovation
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The existing problems of SME financial management information and promoting measures
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作者 Fang CHEN 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第3期82-84,共3页
On the basis of analysis of the operating characteristics of SMEs, problems in financial management are pointed out, such as: limited financing channels, lack of internal control systems, weak basic accounting and ba... On the basis of analysis of the operating characteristics of SMEs, problems in financial management are pointed out, such as: limited financing channels, lack of internal control systems, weak basic accounting and backward financial management information construction, and measures like to create a favorable policy and service environment for SMEs through the legal system, to innovate the financial system, to pay attention to nurturing and incentive financial innovation talents, network-building management and to establish related punishment and supervision system, are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 SMES financial management institutional innovation
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大学生创业应该注意的几个问题 被引量:3
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作者 陶桓祥 《特区与港澳经济》 2000年第12期48-51,共4页
关键词 大学生 创业活动 市场调业 创业方式 经营 企业 企业收购 创业资金 创业组织形式 所有权
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Strategy and Prospects for ZPEB’s Overseas Engineering Projects
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作者 Yang Ruimin Deng Mingqin +1 位作者 Xu Enxin Zhang Guangqin 《China Oil & Gas》 CAS 2005年第2期44-46,共3页
As one of the largest enterprises in China, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau. Sinopec (ZPEB) has become a medium-sized onshore oilfield with its exploration and development for more than thirty years. Its annu... As one of the largest enterprises in China, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau. Sinopec (ZPEB) has become a medium-sized onshore oilfield with its exploration and development for more than thirty years. Its annual output with crude oil of several milliontons and natnral gas of several billion cubicmeters has been kept for two decades. 展开更多
关键词 中原石油勘探局 海外工程项目 国际贸易 企业管理 经营战略 种贸易
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The Research on the Characteristics of the Bureaucratic Administration -based upon the Classifications ofWeber's Legitimate Authority
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作者 Jianping Liu Linfeng Zheng 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2013年第6期25-27,共3页
Political legitimacy is the question about how a regime could be stable and lasting. Max Weber, a scholar, defined legitimacy earliest and carried out a systematic study in the history. He divided the legitimate autho... Political legitimacy is the question about how a regime could be stable and lasting. Max Weber, a scholar, defined legitimacy earliest and carried out a systematic study in the history. He divided the legitimate authority into traditional authority, authority of charisma and authority of legal theory. This paper is just based upon authority rules of the three types, and discusses the organization's establishment, operational and managerial characteristics under the three kinds of authority. It is expected to provide references for reform of the administrative system. 展开更多
关键词 traditional authority authority of charisma authority of legal theory administration.
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你特许经营了吗?
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作者 汪燕辉 《中国名牌》 2000年第7期18-19,共2页
关键词 中国 经营 投资风险 品牌形象 经营
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Pseudo-invariant Eigen-Operator Method for Solving Field-Intensity-Dependent Jaynes-Cummings Model
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作者 俞挞汐 范洪义 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第2期257-260,共4页
By using Gumming (JC) model. energy-level gap of this the pseudo invariant eigen-operator method we The pseudo-invariant eigen-operator is found in JC Hamiltonian is derived. This approach seems analyze the field-in... By using Gumming (JC) model. energy-level gap of this the pseudo invariant eigen-operator method we The pseudo-invariant eigen-operator is found in JC Hamiltonian is derived. This approach seems analyze the field-intensity-dependent Jaynes terms of the supersymmetric generators. The concise. 展开更多
关键词 pseudo-invariant eigen-operator energy-level gap Jaymes-Cummings model
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Unit Root Analysis of Traffic Time Series in Toll Highways
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作者 Antonio Sanchez Solino Antonio L. Lara Galera 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2012年第12期1641-1647,共7页
Concession contracts in highways often include some kind of clauses (for example, a minimum traffic guarantee) that allow for better management of the business risks. The value of these clauses may be important and ... Concession contracts in highways often include some kind of clauses (for example, a minimum traffic guarantee) that allow for better management of the business risks. The value of these clauses may be important and should be added to the total value of the concession. However, in these cases, traditional valuation techniques, like the NPV (net present value) of the project, are insufficient. An alternative methodology for the valuation of highway concession is one based on the real options approach. This methodology is generally built on the assumption of the evolution of traffic volume as a GBM (geometric Brownian motion), which is the hypothesis analyzed in this paper. First, a description of the methodology used for the analysis of the existence of unit roots (i.e., the hypothesis of non-stationarity) is provided. The Dickey-Fuller approach has been used, which is the most common test for this kind of analysis. Then this methodology is applied to perform a statistical analysis of traffic series in Spanish toll highways. For this purpose, data on the AADT (annual average daily traffic) on a set of highways have been used. The period of analysis is around thirty years in most cases. The main outcome of the research is that the hypothesis that traffic volume follows a GBM process in Spanish toll highways cannot be rejected. This result is robust, and therefore it can be used as a starting point for the application of the real options theory to assess toll highway concessions. 展开更多
关键词 Real options unit root analysis INVESTMENT highway concession traffic.
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Some Properties of Two-mode Displaced Excited Squeezed Vacuum States
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作者 MENG Xiang-Guo WANG Ji-Suo LIANG Bao-Long 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第9期493-499,共7页
In this paper,two-mode displaced excited squeezed vacuum states (TDESVS) are constructed and theirnormalization and completeness are investigated.Using the entangled state representation and Weyl ordering formof the W... In this paper,two-mode displaced excited squeezed vacuum states (TDESVS) are constructed and theirnormalization and completeness are investigated.Using the entangled state representation and Weyl ordering formof the Wigner operator,the Wigner functions of TDESVS are obtained and the variations of Wigner functions withthe parameters m,n and r are investigated.Besides,two marginal distributions of Wigner functions of TDESVS areobtained,which exhibit some entangled properties of the two-particle's system in TDESVS. 展开更多
关键词 two-mode displaced excited squeezed vacuum state Weyl ordering Wigner function marginal distribution entangled state representation
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A New Kind of Bipartite Entangled State Representation and its Application
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作者 XU Shi-Min XU Xing-Lei +1 位作者 LI Hong-Qi WANG Ji-Suo 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第2期209-214,共6页
We construct four linear composite operators for a two-particle system and give common eigenvectors of those operators. The technique of integration within an ordered product of operators is employed to prove that tho... We construct four linear composite operators for a two-particle system and give common eigenvectors of those operators. The technique of integration within an ordered product of operators is employed to prove that those common eigenvectors are complete and orthonormal. Therefore, a new intermediate coordinate-momentum representation for a two-particle system is proposed and applied to some two-body dynamic problems. 展开更多
关键词 two-particle system intermediate coordinate-momentum representation IWOP technique
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浅析会计职业判断
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作者 徐静 《才智》 2008年第19期6-7,共2页
会计职业判断是会计人员按照会计法律、法规和会计惯例等会计标准,充分考虑企业现实与未来的理财环境和经营特点,运用自身专业知识和经验,通过计算、分析、比较等方法,对日常会计事项的处理和财务报表的编制应采取的原则方法、程序等方... 会计职业判断是会计人员按照会计法律、法规和会计惯例等会计标准,充分考虑企业现实与未来的理财环境和经营特点,运用自身专业知识和经验,通过计算、分析、比较等方法,对日常会计事项的处理和财务报表的编制应采取的原则方法、程序等方面进行判断与选择的过程,其目的在于保证会计信息质量。 展开更多
关键词 会计职业判断 理财环境 职业判断能力 内部控制系统 虚假会计信息 违反财经纪律 国际会计 生产经营特
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创新市场链——中国杉杉集团市场营销体制改革的实证分析 被引量:2
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作者 吴志华 徐从才 《管理世界》 CSSCI 北大核心 2002年第2期128-133,共6页
关键词 创新 市场链 杉杉集团 市场营销体制 实证分析 服装工业 经营 品牌文化
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小记者体验传统茶文化
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《茶世界》 2011年第12期64-64,共1页
2011年12月3日,由山东省枣庄市日报社小记者团组织的"小记者走进大自然体验茶文化"活动在大自然茶艺馆举行。来自市区多所小学的30余名小记者参加此次活动。
关键词 茶艺馆 走进大自然 山东省枣庄市 茶艺表演 讲茶 文化知识 装修风格 有奖知识问答 清新淡雅 经营特
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