2012年全国教育经费执行情况统计公告发布——教育经费支出占比4.28%

教育部、国家统计局、财政部近日发布2012年全国教育经费执行情况统计公告。公告显示,2012年国家财政性教育经费为22236.23亿元,占GDP比例为4.28%。历史性实现4%的目标,这一成绩背后透露怎样的信息?一直关注此事的中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖23日在接受采访时肯定地说,4.28%的成果来之不易。

China's Rising Labor Cost: Myths and Realities

This paper examines whether China＇s labor cost is too high and rising too fast from the five aspects of macro distribution, corporate cost structure, labor productivity, labor cost structure and international comparison, shedding light on the real causes of rising labor cost. On the basis of our analysis, we propose a few policy recommendations on China＇s macroeconomy and corporate development.

Conceptual design of an extractive distillation process for the separation of azeotropic mixture of n-butanol-isobutanol-water

In many chemical processes, large amounts of wastewater containing butanol and isobutanol are produced.Given that n-butanol-isobutanol-water can form triple azeotrope, high-purity butanol cannot be recovered from the wastewater by ordinary distillation. To economically and effectively recover butanol from this kind of wastewater, 1,4-butanediol is selected as an extractant to break the formation of the azeotropes, and a doubleeffect extractive distillation process is proposed. The conceptual design of the proposed process is accomplished based on process simulation. With the proposed process, the purity of recovered butanol and water is greater than 99.99 wt%. In comparison with the conventional azeotropic distillation process, economic analysis shows that the operating cost of the proposed process is lower: when the capacity of wastewater treatment is 100 t·h^(-1), the total operating cost decreases by 5.385 ×10~6 USD per year, and the total annual cost of the new process decreases by 5.249 ×10~6 USD per year. In addition, in the extractive distillation system, variable effects on separation purities and cost are more complex than those in the ordinary distillation system. The method and steps to optimize the key variables of the extractive distillation system are also discussed in this paper and can provide reference for similar studies.

Impacts of Total Energy Consumption Control and Energy Quota Allocation on China′s Regional Economy Based on A 30-region Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

This paper examined the impacts of the total energy consumption control policy and energy quota allocation plans on China′s regional economy. This research analyzed the influences of different energy quota allocation plans with various weights of equity and efficiency, using a dynamic computable general equilibrium(CGE) model for 30 province-level administrative regions. The results show that the efficiency-first allocation plan costs the least but widens regional income gap, whereas the outcomes of equity-first allocation plan and intensity target-based allocation plan are similar and are both opposite to the efficiency-first allocation plan′ outcome. The plan featuring a balance between efficiency and equity is more feasible, which can bring regional economic losses evenly and prevent massive interregional migration of energy-related industries. Furthermore, the effects of possible induced energy technology improvements in different energy quota allocation plans were studied. Induced energy technology improvements can add more feasibility to all allocation plans under the total energy consumption control policy. In the long term, if the policy of the total energy consumption control continues and more market-based tools are implemented to allocate energy quotas, the positive consequences of induced energy technology improvements will become much more obvious.

The Factor Decomposition on Carbon Emission of China——Based on LMDI Decomposition Technology

Carbon emission is the current hot issue of global concern. How to assess various contributing factors for carbon emission is of great importance to find out the key factors and promote carbon emission reduction. In this paper, the author constructs an identical equation for carbon emission, based on the economic aggregate, the economic structure, the efficiency of energy utilization, the structure of energy consumption, and the coefficient of carbon emission; by applying to LMDI decomposition technology, the author analyzes the carbon emission of China from 1995 to 2007 at industrial level and regional level. The results show that the expansion of economic aggregate is the main reason for China' s rapidly increasing carbon emission and the increase of energy utilization efficiency is the key factor that can hold back the increase of carbon emission. In addition, the change of industrial structure or regional structure and the change of traditional energy structure have limited influence on the carbon emission, and their potentials have not yet been exploited. At the end of this paper, the author proposes the efforts that China should make to reduce carbon emission.

An Analysis of the Causes and Countermeasures of China＇s Pension ＂Empty Account＂

This paper analyzes and explains the causes of the ＂empty account＂ of our country＇s basic pension personal account based on the specific economic conditions and social backgrounds of each period in China. Explained that the ＂empty account＂ phenomenon of pension insurance is not universally believed to be caused by ＂high accumulation and low consumption＂economic development policies.The author puts forward two ideas for ＂filling up the air＂ in the individual pension account： 1. Ensure that the basic pension maintains its value.2. Accelerate the construction of individual pension accounts.

军事机关在经济审判中的法律问题

军事机关在经济审判中的法律问题李俊武，笪祖明根据最高人民法院的授权，全军各级军事法院从１９９３年１月１日起正式受理试办军内经济纠纷案件。半年来，笔者在审判实践中发现，有一些法律问题。由于认识不同，处理不一，影响了军内经济纠纷案件的正确、及时地处理。一...