马王庙油田注水系统结垢原理与防护

油田投入注水开发后,注水系统容易结垢,严重影响地面注水系统运行和注水井吸水能力。通过对马王庙油田注水系统结垢原理分析,改善注入水水质、使用玻璃钢材料、改变管柱结构和采用新型缓蚀酸浸泡等防垢措施,较好地解决了马王庙油田注水系统结垢问题,相应改善了油田注水开发效果。

高压直流阀冷却系统喷淋水净化工艺

针对高压直流阀冷却系统中喷淋水中杂质含量过多导致的冷却塔结垢严重、冷却塔换热性能恶化以及高压直流工程稳定运行受到严重影响的问题,有必要对喷淋水进行净化研究。为此,从冷却塔的结垢原理出发,以南方电网的华南及西南地区部分换流站为研究对象,对其水质情况和垢质成分进行检测,从过饱和度、浓缩倍率和水质综合指标三方面分析水质稳定性。基于纳滤技术设计了完整的逐层净化处理工艺,搭建试验平台,对工业水池水、未处理冷却塔喷淋水和已处理冷却塔喷淋水进行对比试验,通过水质检测及稳定性计算分析,验证喷淋水纳滤净化处理工艺可有效提高喷淋水的水质洁净程度和冷却塔的散热效率,充分保证水冷系统的冷却能力。

Mechanism of Calcium Carbonate Scale Deposition under Subcooled Flow Boiling Conditions

Fouling of heat transfer surfaces during subcooled flow boiling is a frequent engineering problem in process industries. It has been generally observed that the deposits in such industrial systems consist mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which has inverse solubility characteristics. This investigation focused on the mechanism to control deposition and the morphology of crystalline deposits. A series of experiments were carried out at different surface and bulk temperatures, fluid velocities and salt ion concentrations. It is shown that the deposition rate is controlled by different mechanism in the range of experimental parameters, depending on salt ion concentration. At higher ion concentration, the fouling rate increases linearly with surface temperature and the effect of flow velocity on deposition rate is quite strong, suggesting that mass diffusion controls the fouling process. On the contrary, at lower ion concentration, the fouling rate increases exponentially with surface temperature and is independent of the velocity, illustrating that surface reaction controls the fouling process. By analysis of the morphology of scale, two types of crystal (calcite and aragonite) are formed. The lower the temperature and ion concentration, the longer the induction period and the higher the percentage of calcite precipitated.

工艺防垢法在某气田天然气处理装置的应用

再生设备结垢一直困扰着石油工业生产。以某气田为例,其再生设备结垢现象严重,本文通过分析结垢的原理与气田地层水特征,找到了结垢的主要原因,进一步探索工艺防垢法在该气田处理装置的特点和适应性,现场实践,分阶段调整重沸器温度的方法来缓解消除盐垢,收到了良好效果。