草莓玻璃化转变温度的DSC测量

在测量溶液的部分玻璃化转变温度时,往往无法直接测得溶液在最大冻结浓缩状态下的部分玻璃化转变温度(Tg’),而是测得部分结晶玻璃化转变温度(Tgf)。本文用差示扫描量热仪,采用不经过退火处理的连续扫描法、分步扫描法对草莓打浆液、榨汁草莓经抽滤的草莓汁液和浓缩掉三分之一水分的浓缩草莓汁进行了玻璃化转变温度的测量。研究发现,用同一种方法测得的三者的玻璃化转变温度相差不大。在-48℃以下退火,玻璃化转变温度随着退火温度的增大而增大,在-48℃以上退火,玻璃化转变温度随着退火温度的增大而减小,并有很好的线性关系,从Tgf确定Tg’的新方法是两侧Tgf的交点对应的温度为Tg’。得到草莓的Tg’为-52.8℃。

用DSC测量葡萄糖溶液部分玻璃化转变温度的新方法

用差示扫描量热仪,采用经过退火处理的连续扫描法,以不同浓度(20％、45％)的葡萄糖溶液为研究对象,研究了退火温度对Tgf(部分结晶的玻璃化转变温度)的影响,给出了确定Tg'(部分玻璃化转变温度)的新方法．研究发现,不同退火温度下的Tgf不同．在-50℃以上退火,Tgf随着退火温度的增大而减小;在-50℃以下退火,Tgf随着退火温度的增大而增大,都有很好的线性关系．不同浓度的溶液具有相似的规律．提出从Tgf确定Tg'的方法: Tgf在-50℃上下随退火温度变化线的交点所对应的部分结晶玻璃化转变温度即为Tg'．使用该方法测得葡萄糖的Tg'为-55℃．

纳米多孔TiO_2膜的晶化处理及其热稳定性研究

通过恒压阳极氧化法在HF酸和CrO3的混合电解液中,在纯钛TA1和钛合金TC4表面分别制备了纳米多孔无定型TiO2膜。研究了TA1和TC4表面无定型TiO2膜在空气中热处理的组织转变过程。TA1试样表面的纳米多孔TiO2膜在250℃左右出现锐钛矿相,480℃左右出现金红石相,在600℃左右锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变基本完成,孔结构在600℃左右基本消失;TC4试样表面的纳米多孔TiO2膜在310℃左右出现锐钛矿相,600℃左右出现金红石相,在680℃左右锐钛相向金红石相的转变基本完成,孔结构在700℃左右基本消失。TC4试样表面的氧化膜所含合金元素Al和V,对上述结晶转变温度和孔结构存在的最高温度的差别存在重要影响。

冷轧铝板微织构演变的原位加热电子背散射衍射分析

采用原位加热电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术,对冷轧铝板在回复和再结晶转变过程中的微织构演变规律进行了动态研究。轧制态铝板以铜型织构{112}〈111〉为主。再结晶转变后,以立方织构{001}〈100〉和R织构{124}〈211〉为主。在回复和再结晶过程中,{001}〈100〉晶粒和{124}〈211〉晶粒优先在形变带边缘形成和长大。晶粒长大通过晶界迁移并吞噬周围晶粒而得以发展。本研究对于理解轧制铝板的再结晶过程和机制,并有效控制轧制铝板的织构具有重要的参考价值。

PTFE基复合材料的热膨胀特性分析

分析帆材料的常温相变，烧结制备PTFE材料和分别添加15％和25％芳纶纤维的咖基复合材料，利用热膨胀仪测定分析三种材料在-100～250℃温度区间内的热膨胀曲线和相应线膨胀系数曲线。结果表明，PTFE基复合材料在结晶转变区内的线膨胀系数可达到平均值的3～5倍。添加芳纶纤维后PTFE材料平均线膨胀系数减小，但结晶转变区内线膨胀系数却略有增大。

Crystallization behavior of electroless Co-Ni-B alloy plated in magnetic field in presence of cerium

The electrochemical property, chemical composition and crystal structure of electroless Co-Ni-B-Ce alloy plated in general state as well as in magnetic field were studied using potentiometer, plasma emission spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope. The results show that the static potential and polarizability of electroless Co-Ni-B alloy are remarkably improved as the plating is carried out in magnetic field in the presence of a little amount of cerium in plating bath. Because of the action of magnetic field and rare earth element cerium, the boron content in alloy decreases, while cobalt and nickel contents increase. As a result, the amorphous Co-Ni-B alloy transforms to the microcrystalline Co-Ni-B-Ce alloy when the plating is in general state, and the Co-Ni-B alloy makes a crystalline transformation because of the action of magnetic field and rare earth element cerium.

Effects of melt overheating degree on undercooling degree and amorphous forming of Nd_9Fe_(85-x)Ti_4C_2B_x(x=10, 12) magnetic alloys

The effectsof melt overheating degree on the undercooling degree and resultant solidification structures of Nd9Fe85-xTi4C2Bx（x=10, 12） glass-forming alloyswerestudied by differential thermal analysis combining with solidification structure analysis. The results indicate that the undercooling degree of Nd9Fe85-xTi4C2Bx（x=10, 12） alloys significantly increaseswith the rise of melt overheating degree, and two overheating degree thresholds corresponding to the drastic increase of the mean undercooling degree are found for each of the alloys. The existence of two turning points of the mean undercooling degreescan be linked to the structure transitions inside the overheated melts, which result in the evident increase of volume fraction of amorphous phasein the solidified structures.

热加工工艺制度对中低碳钢组织结构的影响规律研究

对0．23％C-O．60％Si-1．50％Mn-0．505Ceq钢的热加工工艺制度对组织结构的影响规律进行了深入研究。为实现此成分体系钢种在P＋F组织条件下的低合金成本和高强度的最大化，通过TEM、SEM分析了位错形貌及密度，验证了晶内先共析铁素体的析出条件；通过热膨胀仪测定了形变温度对材料动态CCT的影响，测定并计算出形变温度对材料软化率和动态再结晶率的影响。

Transformation of microstructure and phase of disodium guanosine 5′-monophosphate: Thermodynamic perspectives

Microstructure and phase transformation of disodium guanosine 5′-monophosphate(5′-GMPNa_2) are extremely important for controlling the process and understanding the mechanism of crystallization. In this work, the thermodynamic properties of polymorphous 5′-GMPNa_2 especially the solubility were studied, the solubility results show that 5′-GMPNa_2 is more soluble in ethanol–water(E–W) than in isopropanol–water(I–W). The amorphous form of 5′-GMPNa_2 is more soluble than the crystalline form at the same mole fraction and temperature. Meanwhile, the crystalline forms and morphologies of the residual solids were characterized by PXRD and SEM. The results indicate that solid forms of 5′-GMPNa_2 transformed spontaneously from amorphous to crystalline when the ethanol proportion is ≥20%. In addition, increasing the pH facilitates the dissolution of 5′-GMPNa_2 and helps to maintain the crystalline form. The associated Gibbs free energy values were calculated to verify the trend of transformation from amorphous to crystalline 5′-GMPNa_2. These results should help to guide the industrial crystallization process and to obtain the crystalline form of 5′-GMPNa_2.

Relation of normal load with test temperature at mild−severe wear transition state for Mg−Gd−Y−Zr alloy

The wear behavior and mild−severe(M−S)wear transition of Mg−10Gd−1.5Y−0.4Zr alloy were investigated within a temperature range of 20−200℃.The morphologies and compositions of worn surfaces were examined to identify the wear mechanisms using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.The microstructure and hardness in the subsurfaces were analyzed to reveal the M−S wear transition mechanism.Under a constant loads of 20,35 and 40 N,each wear rate−test temperature curve presented a turning point which corresponded to the M−S wear transition.In mild wear,the surface material was plastically deformed and hence was strainhardened,whereas in severe wear,the surface material was dynamically recrystallized and consequently was softened.It has been found that the critical temperature for M−S wear transition decreases with increasing the normal load,and the normal load exhibits an almost linear relationship with critical temperature for M−S wear transition.This work reveals that the M−S wear transition of the studied alloy conforms to the surface DRX temperature criterion.

Influence of free-end torsion on compressive behavior of extruded AZ31 rod at various temperatures

The influence of free-end torsion on compressive behavior of an extruded AZ31 rod at various temperatures was studied.Pre-torsion generates a high density of dislocations and a large number of{1012}twins in the matrix,which can largely enhance the compressive yield strength at RT and 100℃.However,with increasing temperature,hardening effect via pre-torsion gradually decreases.When the compressive temperature reaches 300℃,pre-torsion reduces the compressive yield strength.Moreover,initial dislocations and twins via torsion help to refine the sub-structure and accelerate the continuous dynamic recrystallization during compression at 200℃.Thus,twisted sample exhibits more rapid flow softening behavior than the as-extruded sample at 200℃.When compressed at 300℃,the twins and dislocations via torsion were largely eliminated during the holding time,and the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization was enhanced.It is found that the compression curves of twisted sample and as-extruded sample tended to be coincident at 300℃.Related mechanisms were discussed in detail.

The Effect of Vanadium Content on Mechanical Properties and Structure of Self-Hardening Steel X 160C rMo 12-1

The aim of this research was to examine the influence of vanadium on the structure, hardness and tensile strength of X I60CrMo 12-1 self-hardened steels. It is known that vanadium affects the process of solidification of this alloy in a way that narrows temperature interval of crystallization. Vanadium, as an alloying element, moves liquidus and solidus lines toward higher temperatures, approximately for 25 to 30 ~C. In addition, vanadium forms V6C5 carbides, which, are partly distributed between present phases in the steel; carbide （Cr,Fe）7C3 and austenite. The presence of vanadium enables the formation of （Cr, Fe）23C6 carbide and its precipitation into austenite during the cooling process. In local areas around fine carbide particles, austenite is transformed into martensite, i.e., vanadium reduces remained austenite and improves steel air-hardening. Vanadium concentration over 2.5% significantly improves the impact toughness. The basic problem in the application of high alloyed Cr-Mo steels is to increase their impact toughness and thereby sustain a relatively high value of hardness. Recent studies, concerning to the chemical composition and heat treatment regime, show that it is possible to get a martensitic structure with a very small amount of retained austenite. Investigations are directed toward the testing of the influence of alloying elements such as molybdenum, manganese and especially vanadium. Vanadium has great influence to the crystallization process. With increasing of its content, the eutectic point moves toward lower carbon concentrations and the temperature interval of solidification is narrowing.

Yb/Y双掺杂氧化锆在熔盐腐蚀环境中的元素扩散和相变机理研究

高温腐蚀性环境是发动机热端部件热障涂层出现机械应力失配和氧化锆晶型变化从而发生失效的主要原因之一。本文通过共沉淀-煅烧法制备了Yb/Y双掺杂氧化锆粉体,压片烧结后进行高温熔盐(CaO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2,CMAS)腐蚀实验,利用XRD、SEM及EDS等表征手段对腐蚀过程中元素的扩散和物相、形貌的变化进行研究。结果表明,氧化锆晶格中的Yb在腐蚀过程中先于其他元素与CMAS反应而流失(从氧化锆晶格扩散至腐蚀剂中),但Yb的流失能减缓Y元素的偏析,从而稳定亚稳四方相氧化锆(t′-ZrO_2);Yb的最优掺杂量为5%,此时腐蚀反应产生的单斜相氧化锆(m相)的含量最少。

High-pressure phases of Weyl semimetals NbP, NbAs, TaP,and TaAs

In this study, we used the crystal structure search method and first-principles calculations to systematically explore the highpressure phase diagrams of the TaAs family （NbP, NbAs, TaP, and TaAs）. Our calculation results show that NbAs and TaAs have similar phase diagrams, the same structural phase transition sequence I41md→Pδm2→}P21/c→Pm3m, and slightly different transition pressures. The phase transition sequence of NbP and TaP differs somewhat from that of NbAs and TaAs, in which new structures emerge, such as the Cmcm structure in NbP and the Pmmn structure in TaP. Interestingly, we found that in the electronic structure of the high-pressure phase Pδm2-NbAs, there are coexisting Weyl points and triple degenerate points, similar to those found in high-pressure Pδm2-TaAs.

Structural and thermal sensitivity of Cu-Zr-Ti amorphous alloys to tension

Structural and thermal sensitivity of Cu(60-x)Zr(30+x) Ti 10 (x=0,5,and 10 at%) amorphous alloys to the application of tension was investigated. The structural sensitivity to tension decreases with increasing Cu content. The crystallization enthalpy increases with increasing excess free volume. The characteristic temperatures of the tensile samples can surpass those of the as-cast ones under a critical heating rate which differs in the Cu content. The increase of the excess free volume significantly influences the glass transition and crystallization procedures.

Subsolidus binary phase diagram of the bilayer compounds [n-C_nH_(2n+1)N(CH_3)_3]_2ZnCl_4(n = 16, 18)

The bilayer compounds[n-CnH2n+1N(CH3)3]2Zn Cl4(n=16,18)experience solid-solid phase transition within the temperature range of 310 to 340 K.The low-temperature crystal structures of the pure compounds are characteristic of the piling effect in which a 2D macro-anion Zn Cl42- is sandwiched between two alkylammonium layers.These layers become conformationally disordered in the high-temperature phases.The structures can alternatively be viewed as a double layer of alkylammonium ions between Zn Cl42- sheets and can be considered as crystalline models of lipid bilayers.The experimental subsolidus binary phase diagram of[n-C16H33N(CH3)3]2Zn Cl4-[n-C18H37N(CH3)3]2Zn Cl4 has also been established over the whole composition range by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and X-ray diffraction.In the phase diagram,one intermediate compound[n-C16H33N(CH3)3][n-C18H37N(CH3)3]Zn Cl4 at WC16C3Zn%47.50 and two eutectoid invariants points at WC16C3Zn%35.10 and75.70 were observed;the respective temperatures of the two eutectoids are 320±1 and 315±1 K.In addition,there are three noticeable solid solution ranges in the phase diagram:α-phase at the left,β-phase at the right,andγ-phase in the middle.

Ultrafast quasiparticle dynamics in spin-density-wave LaOFeAs single crystal

Ultrafast quasiparticle dynamics of single crystalline LaOFeAs were investigated by pump-probe measurement.The compound experiences structural and spin-density-wave(SDW)phase transitions at 150 K(TS1)and 130 K(TS2),respectively.The relaxation time of quasiparticles was somewhat temperature independent at high temperature but exhibited a sharp upturn at TS1and reached the maximum at approximately TS2.The remarkable slowing down of quasiparticle relaxation time is caused by the formation of energy gap.By employing the Rothwarf-Taylor model analysis,we found that there should be already energy gaps opening just below the structural transition.The magnitude of SDW gap was identified to be 72 meV.

Helix-sense-selective radical polymerization of bulky styrenic monomers: chiral induction and liquid crystallinity

Eight chiral vinylterphenyl monomers, （＋）-2,5-bis{4＇-[（S）-1＂-methylpropyloxy]phenyl}styrene （Ia）, （＋）-2,5-bis{4＇-[（S）-2＂- methylbutyloxy]phenyl}styrene （Ib）, （＋）-2,5-bis{4＇-[（S）-3＂-methylpentyloxy]phenyl}styrene （Ic）, （＋）-2,5-bis{4＇-[（S）-4＂- methylhexyloxy]phenyl}styrene （Id）, （-）-2,5-bis{4＇-[（R）-1＂-methylpropyloxy]phenyl}styrene （le）, （＋）-2-/4＇-[（S）-l＂-methyl- propyloxy]phenyl}-5-{4＇-[（R）-1＂-methylpropyloxy]phenyl}styrene （Ⅱa）, （-）-2-{4＇-[（R）-1＂-methylpropyloxy]phenyl}-5-{4＇- [（S）- 1 ＂-methylpropyloxy]phenyl } styrene （lib）, and （＋）-2- { 4＇-[（S）-2＂-methylbutyloxy]phenyl }-5- { 4＇-[（S）- 1＂-methylpropyl- oxy]phenyl}styrene （Ⅲ）, were synthesized and radically polymerized. These molecules were designed to further understand long-range chirality transfer in radical polymerization and to possibly tune the chiroptical properties of the polymers by varying the spatial configuration, position, and various combination of the stereogenic centers at the ends ofp-terphenyl pendants. The resultant polymers adopted helical conformations with a predominant screw sense. When the stereogenic centers ran away from the terphenyl group as in Ⅰb-d, the corresponding polymers changed the direction of optical rotation in an alternative way and showed no obvious stereomutation upon annealing in tetrahydrofuran. The two stereogenic centers of Ⅱa, Ⅱb, and Ⅲ acted concertedly in chiral induction, whereas those of la and Ie played a counteractive role. The five polymers derived from Ⅰa, Ⅰe, Ⅱa, Ⅱb, and Ⅲ underwent stereomutation when annealed in tetrahydrofuran. The polymers PIa-e had good thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures （Tgs）. They generated liquid crystalline phases at above Tgs that could be kept upon cooling, with the exception of Pie. This result was consistent with the extended helical structures.

Superconductivity in two-dimensionalη-Mo3C2 films

Two-dimensional(2D)superconductors have intriguing physical properties and abundant potential applications.Recently,2D superconductingα-Mo2C and facecentered cubic Mo2C have been controllably prepared and they bring new viewpoints to carbon-based superconductivity.Although molybdenum carbides(Mo-Cs)have multiple crystalline stacking orders,there are still few structures reported for the lack of higher energy supply during growth.In this study,we report a two-step vapor deposition method to grow superconducting η-Mo3C2 films with different thicknesses,with the assistance of controllable plasma power.The grownη-Mo3C2 films show polycrystalline characteristics,but they still present superior superconductivity.The 3.0-nm-thick film has the superconducting transition temperature of 5.38 K,and its electrical performances follow truly 2D superconducting transitions.This study will not only exhibit a robust superconductingη-Mo3C2 ultrathin film,but also provides a convenient growth way to realize more carbide-based heterostructures for future device applications.