系统·结构·质变

本文从系统观发,考察事物的质是与其结构紧密相连的。结构的变化必然引起事物的质变。

按整体性原则调整农业生产结构

党的十一届三中全会以来,广大农村认真贯彻党的一系列加速农业发展的方针和政策,实行和完善联产承包责任制,使农民放心发展生产,同时,又不断调整农业生产结构,使农业生产结构开始向合理的方向发展,保证粮食连年增产,又促进了多种经营的全面发展,进一步解放了农业生产力。但是,当前,随着现代农业的发展,越来越由单一经济向多部门综合经济发展,但有些单位面对这种新情况。

分形理论在遥感中的应用

论述了分形理论在遥感中的三个应用方面:①分析遥感图像的结构信息量,包括不同图像、不同地物类型;②辅助遥感图像分类,对光谱分类的结果利用分形理论进行检验或确定类型;③模拟遥感图像,根据真实图像的分维,利用分形表面产生算法并产生模拟遥感图像。

对系统与要素的哲学思考

马克思主义哲学是一个开放的、发展的范畴体系。随着系统论科学的发展,系统与要素这两个范畴愈来愈具有普遍性,“是帮助我们认识和掌握自然现象之网的网上纽结”。(列宁:《哲学笔记》第90页)因此,从本体论和方法论的角度探讨系统与要素这对范畴,确定它们在唯物辩证法范畴体系中的地位,是完全必要的,近几年来许多同志在这个问题上发展了文章,本文拟作以下思考。

化学分子信息量的计算和可见宇宙信息量的估算

尝试计算化学分子的信息量,估算可见宇宙信息量:(1)选定4种标准态:早期宇宙态(大爆炸后10-4s,1012K,0.1GeV)、恒星标准态(107K)、地球标准态(298K)、完美晶体态(0K).(2)计算了占可见宇宙总质量75%的H和23%的He在4种标准态的熵和信息量.(3)将可见宇宙信息量分为:微观结构信息量、人工信息量、人类自然信息量、地球生物信息量、宇观结构信息量等5个层次.(4)估算了可见宇宙的总信息量、地球信息量、地球生物自然信息量、人类自然信息量和人工信息量的量级,依次为1080,1053,1040,1035和1020bit.

从系统方法的整体性原则看农业生产责任制的完善

近几年来,我国农村普遍建立的多种形式的生产责任制,进一步解放了生产力,大大促进了农业生产和农村经济的发展。现在的问题是如何在坚持它的同时,逐步使之更加完善。本文拟运用系统方法的整体性原则,对此作些分析和说明。

Spatial Analysis of Commuting Mode Choice in Guangzhou, China

Metropolitan cities in China are commonly confronted with unresolved traffic congestion issues, primarily due to rapidly increasing traffic demand. Group disparity between commuting mode choice and its spatial distribution on road networks has enabled us to examine the factors that give rise to the discrepancies and the fundamental spatial causes of traffic congestion. In recent years, mi- cro-perspective, individual, and behavior-based spatial analysis have mushroomed and been facilitated with effective tools such as tem- poral geographic information systems （T-GIS）. It is difficult to study the interrelations between transport and space on the basis of commuting mode choice since the mode choice data are invisible in a specific space such as a particular road network. Therefore, in the field of transport, the classical origin destination （OD） four-stage model （FSM） is usually employed to calculate data when studying commuting mode choice. Based on the relative principles of T-GIS and the platform of ArcGIS, this paper considers Guangzhou as a case study and develops a spatio-temporal tool to examine the daily activities of residents. Meanwhile, the traffic volume distribution in rush hours, which was analyzed according to commuting modes and how they were reflected in the road network, was scrutinized with data extracted from travel diaries. Moreover, efforts were made to explain the relationship between traffic demand and urban spatial structure. Based on the investigation, this research indicates that traffic volumes in divergent groups and on the road networks is driven by： l） the socio-economie characteristics of travelers; 2） a jobs-housing imbalance under suburbanization; 3） differences in the spatial supply of transport modes; 4） the remains of the Danwei （work unit） system and market development in China; and 5） the transition of urban spatial structure and other factors.

No-Reference Quality Assessment of Enhanced Images

Image enhancement is a popular technique,which is widely used to improve the visual quality of images.While image enhancement has been extensively investigated,the relevant quality assessment of enhanced images remains an open problem,which may hinder further development of enhancement techniques.In this paper,a no-reference quality metric for digitally enhanced images is proposed.Three kinds of features are extracted for characterizing the quality of enhanced images,including non-structural information,sharpness and naturalness.Specifically,a total of 42 perceptual features are extracted and used to train a support vector regression(SVR) model.Finally,the trained SVR model is used for predicting the quality of enhanced images.The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on several enhancement-related databases,including a new enhanced image database built by the authors.The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and advantage of the proposed metric.

Development of 57 Novel Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in Half-Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a promising species for aquaculture in China.The wild population of C. semilaevis is under threat from environmental factors. Microsatellite markers are very suitable for assessing genetic diversity. Four microsatellite-enriched libraries of half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) were constructed,from which 57 polymorphic microsatellites were isolated and characterized.The polymorphism of these microsatellites was assessed by genotyping in 30 individual fish.The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 11, with an average of 4.614 alleles per locus.The values of observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.1000 to 1.0000 and from 0.0966 to 0.8847 respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.0905 to 0.862.These markers would be useful for population structure assessment,genetic linkage map construction and parentage analysis for this species.

Earnings information quality, debt maturity structure and investment efficiency

This paper studies the effect of earnings information quality and debt maturity structure and their interaction on investment efficiency. The results show that companies with higher earnings information have higher investment efficiency, and the quality of earnings information has increased investment efficiency by reducing the lack of investment and suppressing overinvestment. The companies with higher short-term debt ratio show higher investment efficiency. The results show that there is a certain substitution effect between the effect of earnings information quality and the maturity strueture of debt on the efficiency of investment.

IT Influence on Organizational Structure： Empirical Studies Among Polish Organizations

The paper describes information technologies （IT） role in organization---especially its influence on organizational structure. Article concerns the importance of analyzing IT acceptance, while describing IT in organization and points out that inadequate variable choice may influence validity of IT analysis. First part of the article describes both variables analyzed in presented research--IT dissemination and IT acceptance. It also presents how in theory IT can influence organizational structure. The main part of the article describes empirical studies conducted in order to verify if the influence of IT on the organizational structure exists. First, the main goal and methodology of the empirical studies are presented. Variables used to assess IT and organizational structure in organizations are discussed. Then, there is a description of research results--statistical correlation between analyzed variables and regression models is shown. Conclusion of the article is that IT can influence organizational structure, but the most important factor ensuring this influence is the actual use of IT by employees of the organization--their access to IT is not enough.

Atomic layer reversal on CeO_2 (100) surface

The structure and properties of CeO2 surfaces have been intensively studied due to their importance in a lot of surface-related applications. Since most of surface techniques probe the structure information inside the outermost surface plane, the subsurface structure information has been elusive in many studies. Using the profile imaging with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, the structure information in both the outermost layer and the sublayers of the CeO2（100） surface has been obtained. In addition to the normal structures that have been reported before, where the surface is Ce-or O-terminated, a metastable surface has been discovered. In the new structure, there is an atomic layer reversal between the outermost layer and the sublayer, giving a structure with O as the outermost layer for the stoichiometry of normal Ce-terminated surface. The charge redistribution for the polarity compensation has also been changed relative to the normal surface.

Estimation on structural responses using multi scale measurements

Different measurands from the different types of sensors can obtain different information regarding the structural behavior in a real structural health monitoring system.To enrich information and estimate the structural responses based on much more known information,the estimation on structural responses using multi scale measurements from multi-type sensors is proposed in this paper.Pattern identification is constructed with the pattern library given by strain measurements and deformation measurements.Considering the uncertainty of the measurements as well as to enhance the robustness of the proposed algorithm,more than one best pattern is selected to synthesize the finally estimated stress responses.To validate the capacity of the proposed acquisition method using multi scale measurements,finite element model analysis is conducted to estimate the structural stress response in Shenzhen Bay Stadium as an example.The performance of the pattern identifications,constructed by two kinds of pattern libraries captured by sole strain measurement,and multi scale measurements which are constructed by both kinds of strain measurements and deformation measurements,respectively,are compared in this paper to observe measurements constructed from strain measurements and deformation measurements outperformed others.Errors analysis for a series of parametric studies in which noise at different levels has also included in the measurements are further carried out,and robustness of the proposed information acquisition scheme under noisy measurement is demonstrated.

LEARNING CAUSAL GRAPHS OF NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL USING INFORMATION THEORY CRITERIA

Detection and clarification of cause-effect relationships among variables is an important problem in time series analysis. Traditional causality inference methods have a salient limitation that the model must be linear and with Gaussian noise. Although additive model regression can effectively infer the nonlinear causal relationships of additive nonlinear time series, it suffers from the limitation that contemporaneous causal relationships of variables must be linear and not always valid to test conditional independence relations. This paper provides a nonparametric method that employs both mutual information and conditional mutual information to identify causal structure of a class of nonlinear time series models, which extends the additive nonlinear times series to nonlinear structural vector autoregressive models. An algorithm is developed to learn the contemporaneous and the lagged causal relationships of variables. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the nroosed method.

Optical bistability based on surface plasmon coupled between a noble metal film and a metal grating involving Kerr materials

A phenomenon about optical bistability is successfully investigated in a layered structure consisting of a silver film with Kerr medium and a silver grating sandwiched between semi-infinite linear dielectrics.This type of structure can lead to the optical bistability phenomena occurring in reflection and transmission.There exists an optimal thickness of the metal grating that can cut off the effect of the near-field enhancement and may have the lowest effect on conversion from surface plasmon to light.This structure can realize the functions of the beam splitter and the polarization splitter and will be essential for future classical and quantum information processing.