工程结构化材料疲劳载荷谱实时测定系统研制

介绍了工程结构化材料疲劳载荷谱的测定方法,设计了以单片机为核心的实时测定系统.对数据采集结果进行了实时压缩处理,实现了数据大量采集和存贮.同时使后续处理方便、快速、实时.数据处理从头到尾一次完成.可用于现场测试,立即显示或打印测量结果.也可用于对构件进行长期连续监测.

运用非结构化材料 创造无限教育价值

随着对《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》精神理解的不断加深,教师开始尝试提供非结构化的材料供幼儿玩耍。文章以非结构化材料"轮胎"为例,记录了幼儿在"玩轮胎"过程中的表现、体验和教师的感悟,阐明了非结构化活动材料蕴含在五大领域中的教育价值。

浅谈结构化材料走进小学数学课堂的探究

随着小学生素质教育理念和新课改教学政策的不断落实推进,小学数学作为小学教育课程体系中的重要学科,也逐渐抛弃了传统的教学理念和教学方式,顺应时代的发展潮流,结合结构化材料来全面提升课堂的教学效率和教学质量。本文将阐述结构化材料走进小学数学课堂的教学意义,并提出切实可行的教学策略。

素养立意 结构化选材——以人教版教材三年级上册“多位数乘一位数”单元复习为例

选取合适的学习材料在单元复习教学中起着至关重要的作用。教师以人教版教材三年级上册“多位数乘一位数”单元复习为例,以运算本质引领核心内容,以实证分析确立核心任务,以“情境性材料、关联性材料、多元化材料”等结构化学习材料驱动任务,再现计算方法,帮助学生理解运算本质,实现综合应用。

结构化阅读材料在高校教师心理资本干预中的作用研究

本研究预借助一套结构化的阅读材料作为心理资本干预的手段,考察其在高校教师心理资本干预中的作用。研究得出结论:结构化阅读材料能够显著提升实验组的心理资本水平。

Research progress on carbon-based zinc-ion capacitors

Zinc-ion capacitors(ZICs),which consist of a capacitor-type electrode and a battery-type electrode,not only possess the high power density of supercapacitors and the high energy density of batteries,but also have other advantages such as abundant resources,high safety and environmental friendliness.However,they still face problems such as insufficient specific capacitance,a short cycling life,and narrow operating voltage and temperature ranges,which are hindering their practical use.We provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental theory of carbon-based ZICs and summarize recent research progress from three perspectives:the carbon cathode,electrolyte and zinc anode.The influence of the structure and surface chemical properties of the carbon materials on the capacitive performance of ZICs is considered together with theoretical guidance for advancing their development and practical use.

公务员招录中材料型结构化面试的信效度研究

本文运用实验研究方法来探讨我国公务员招录中所采用的材料型结构化面试的信度与效度。研究发现,传统型结构化面试与材料型结构化面试都具有较好的考官间信度,但在应变能力的测评上表现出显著的差异,且会导致招录结果的不同。相对于传统型结构化面试,材料型结构化面试能够明显地提升对沟通能力的测评效标效度,但在应变能力测评上的效标效度难以令人接受。传统型结构化面试和材料型结构化面试的结构效度都不理想。

Microstructure of TA2/TA15 graded structural material by laser additive manufacturing process

TA2/TA15 graded structural material（GSM） was fabricated by the laser additive manufacturing（LAM） process. The chemical composition, microstructure and micro-hardness of the as-deposited GSM were investigated. The results show that the TA2 part of exhibiting near-equiaxed grains was Widmanst？tten α-laths microstructure. The TA15 part containing large columnar grains was fine basket-weave microstructure. The graded zone was divided into four deposited layers with 3000 μm in thickness. As the distance from the TA2 part increases, the alloy element contents and the β phase volume fraction increase, the α phase volume fraction decreases and the microstructure shows the evolution from Widmanst？tten α-laths to basket-weave α-laths gradually. The micro-hardness increases from the TA2 part to the TA15 part due to the solid solution strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.

Topology optimization of microstructure and selective laser meltingfabrication for metallic biomaterial scaffolds

The precise design and fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds is necessary to provide a systematic study for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterial scaffolds should have sufficient stiffness and large porosity. These two goals generally contradict since larger porosity results in lower mechanical properties. To seek the microstructure of maximum stiffness with the constraint of volume fraction by topology optimization method, algorithms and programs were built to obtain 2D and 3D optimized microstructure and then they were transferred to CAD models of STL format. Ti scaffolds with 30% volume fraction were fabricated using a selective laser melting （SLM） technology. The architecture and pore shape in the metallic biomaterial scaffolds were relatively precise reproduced and the minimum mean pore size was 231μm. The accurate fabrication of intricate microstructure has verified that the SLM process is suitable for fabrication of metallic biomaterial scaffolds.

Synthesis of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous MnO_2 and its catalytic performance in formaldehyde oxidation

Three-dimensional（3D）ordered mesoporous MnO2 was prepared using KIT-6 mesoporous molecular sieves as a hard template.The material was used for catalytic oxidation of HCHO.The material has high surface areas and the mesoporous characteristics of the template,with cubic symmetry（ia3d）.It consists of a β-MnO2 crystalline phase corresponding to pyrolusite,with a rutile structure.Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the 3D-MnO2 catalyst has a large number of exposed Mn4＋ ions on the（110）crystal plane surfaces,with a lattice spacing of 0.311 nm; this enhances oxidation of HCHO.Complete conversion of HCHO to CO2 and H2O was achieved at 130 °C on 3D-MnO2; the same conversions on α-MnO2 and β-MnO2 nanorods were obtained at 140 and 180 °C,respectively,under the same conditions.The specific mesoporous structure,high specific surface area,and large number of surface Mn4＋ ions are responsible for the catalytic activity of 3D-MnO2 in HCHO oxidation.

基于结构化的单元整合教学——以“百以内数的认识”教学为例

整合教学是指在不改变现行数学教材的教学目标、教学内容和授课时间的前提下,通过调整教学内容的顺序、教学方式等途径,达到学科内知识点的整合。本文以人教版《数学》"百以内数的认识"单元教学为例,通过对教材有关数的认识部分例题的重组,试图达到学科知识更具系统性、教学更具结构性、学生学习更具挑战性的目的。

Synthesis of porous nano/micro structured LiFePO_4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by spray-drying method

In order to enhance electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 （LFP） cathode materials, spherical porous nano/micro structured LFP/C cathode materials were synthesized by spray drying, followed by calcination. The results show that the spherical precursors with the sizes of 0.5-5 μm can be completely converted to LFP/C when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 ℃. The LFP/C microspheres obtained at calcination temperature of 700 ℃ are composed of numerous particles with sizes of -20 nm, and have well-developed interconnected pore structure and large specific surface area of 28.77 mE/g. The specific discharge capacities of the LFP/C obtained at 700 ℃ are 162.43, 154.35 and 144.03 mA.h/g at 0.5C, 1C and 2C, respectively. Meanwhile, the capacity retentions can reach up to 100% after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of the materials are ascribed to a small Li＋ diffusion resistance and special structure of LFP/C microspheres.

Facile synthesis of hierarchically structured manganese oxides as anode for lithium-ion batteries

Developing high-performance lithium ion batteries(LIBs)using manganese oxides as anodes is attractive due to their high theoretical capacity and abundant resources.Herein,we report a facile synthesis of hierarchical spherical MnO2 containing coherent amorphous/crystalline domained by a simple yet effective redox precipitation reaction at room temperature.Further,flower-like CoMn2O4 constructed by single-crystalline spinel nanosheets has been fabricated using MnO2 as precursor.This mild methodology avoids undesired particle aggregation and loss of active surface area in conventional hydrothermal or solid-state processes.Moreover,both MnO2 and CoMn2O4 nanosheets manifest superior lithium-ion storage properties,rendering them promising applications in LIBs and other energy-related fields.

Yielding and fracture behaviors of coarse-grain/ultrafine-grain heterogeneous-structured copper with transitional interface

Heterogeneous-structured Cu samples composed of coarse-grained(CG) and ultrafine-grained(UFG) domains with a transitional interface were fabricated by friction stir processing, in order to investigate the effect of interface constraint on the yielding and fracture behaviors. Tensile test revealed that the synergetic strengthening induced by elastic/plastic interaction between incompatible domains increases with increasing the area of constraint interface. The strain distribution near interface and the fracture morphology were characterized using digital image correlation technique and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Fracture dimples preferentially formed at the interface, possibly due to extremely high triaxial stress and strain accumulation near the interface. Surprisingly, the CG domain was fractured by pure shear instead of the expected voids growth caused by tensile stress.

Growth Mechanism and Characterization of Single-crystalline Ga-doped SnO2 Nanowires and Self-organized SnO2/Ga2O3 Heterogeneous Microcomb Structures

Single-crystalline Ga-doped SnO2 nanowires and SnO2：Ga2O3 heterogeneous microcombs were synthesized by a simple one-step thermal evaporation and condensation method. They were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and selected-area electron diffraction （SAED）. FE-SEM images showed that the products consisted of nanowires and mierocombs that represent a novel morphology. XRD, SAED and EDS indicated that they were single-crystalline tetragonal SnO2. The influence of experimental conditions on the morphologies of the products is discussed. The morphology of the product showed a ribbon-like stem and nanoribbon array aligned evenly along one or both side of the nanoribbon. It was found that many Ga2O3 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of the microcombs. The major core nanoribbon grew mainly along the [110] direction and the self-organized branching nanoribbons grew epitaxially along [110] or [110] orientation from the （110） plane of the stem. A growth process was proposed for interpreting the growth of these remarkable SnO2：Ga2O3 heterogeneous microcombs. Due to the heavy doping of Ga, the emission peak in photoluminescence spectra has red-shifted as well as broadened significantly.

Influence of KOH activation techniques on pore structure and electrochemical property of carbon electrode materials

Taking the selection of coal-tar pitch as precursor and KOH as activated agent, the activated carbon electrode material was fabricated for supercapacitor.The surface area and the pore structure of activated carbon were analyzed by Nitro adsorption method. The electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were determined using two-electrode capacitors in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolytes. The influences of activated temperature and mass ratio of KOH to C on the pore structure and electrochemical property of porous activated carbon were investigated in detail. The reasons for the changes of pore structure and electrochemical performance of activated carbon prepared under different conditions were also discussed theoretically. The results indicate that the maximum specific capacitance of 240 F/g can be obtained in alkaline medium, and the surface area, the pore structure and the specific capacitance of activated carbon depend on the treatment methods; the capacitance variation of activated carbon cannot be interpreted only by the change of surface area and pore structure, the lattice order and the electrolyte wetting effect of the activated carbon should also be taken into account.

Experimental investigation of performance properties and agglomeration behavior of fly ash from gasification of corncobs

The gasification industries make use of biomass residue as feedstock to produce synthesis gas,but the gasification of this waste biomass generates tons of ash everyday.Performance properties and agglomeration behavior of corncob ash(CCA) collected from the gasification of corncobs in a pilot-scale gasification station were investigated by using some experimental methods.Based on the chemical composition results,the agglomeration tendency of CCA from combustion and gasification process was also analyzed.Chemical analysis shows that the fly ash is mainly composed of inorganic matters formed by K,Mg,Ca,Na,Fe,Al,S,etc.The agglomeration characteristics indicate that the slagging degree increases with the increase of ashing temperature,and the slagging tendency of these CCA samples from gasification or combustion is different with various slagging indices.All CCA samples from combustion or gasification can cause slagging/fouling problems in thermal conversion systems.The applications of CCA are closely related to its performances,and CCA has the potential to be used in various fields,for example,as a material for ceramic products and activated carbon,as an adsorbent,as a crude fertilizer,and as a structural material.

Annealing hardening and deformation behavior of layered gradient Zr–Ti composite

To investigate potential strengthening approaches,multi-layered zirconium–titanium(Zr-Ti)composites were fabricated by hot-rolling bonding and annealing.The microstructures of these composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)and electron backscatter diffractometry(EBSD).Their mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tension and compression measurements.It was found that the fabricated Zr–Ti composites are composed of alternating Zr/diffusion/Ti layers,and chemical compositions of Zr and Ti showed a gradient distribution in the diffusion layer.Compared with as-rolled samples,annealing can strengthen the layered gradient Zr–Ti composite,and this is mainly caused by solid-solution strengthening and microstructure refinement-induced strengthening.Compared with the raw materials,a synergistic improvement of strength and ductility is achieved in the Zr–Ti composite as a result of the layered gradient microstructure.Tension–compression asymmetry is observed in the Zr–Ti composites,which may be attributed to twinning and microvoids induced by unbalanced diffusion.

Interface microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted multilayer functionally graded materials

Functionally graded material(FGM)can tailor properties of components such as wear resistance,corrosion resistance,and functionality to enhance the overall performance.The selective laser melting(SLM)additive manufacturing highlights the capability in manufacturing FGMs with a high geometrical complexity and manufacture flexibility.In this work,the 316L/CuSn10/18Ni300/CoCr four-type materials FGMs were fabricated using SLM.The microstructure and properties of the FGMs were investigated to reveal the effects of SLM processing parameters on the defects.A large number of microcracks were found at the 316L/CuSn10 interface,which initiated from the fusion boundary of 316L region and extended along the building direction.The elastic modulus and nano-hardness in the 18Ni300/CoCr fusion zone decreased significantly,less than those in the 18Ni300 region or the CoCr region.The iron and copper elements were well diffused in the 316L/CuSn10 fusion zone,while elements in the CuSn10/18Ni300 and the 18Ni300/CoCr fusion zones showed significantly gradient transitions.Compared with other regions,the width of the CuSn10/18Ni300 interface and the CuSn10 region expand significantly.The mechanisms of materials fusion and crack generation at the 316L/CuSn10 interface were discussed.In addition,FGM structures without macro-crack were built by only altering the deposition subsequence of 316L and CuSn10,which provides a guide for the additive manufacturing of FGM structures.