结构化社会互动视角下农村互助养老服务研究

农村互助养老服务存在意义认知单一、支配机制不健全与身份合法化难等问题,以吉登斯结构化社会互动理论为基础,明确自治主体与社会组织对农村互助养老服务的调控作用,探析农村互助养老服务意义结构、支配结构、合法化结构,发挥吉登斯结构因素与行动因素的相互作用,完善农村互助养老服务主体人员自治、政府党建引领、社会资本嵌入等动态过程,积极应对农村人口老龄化。

吉登斯结构化社会学理论的道德教育意蕴

吉登斯的结构化社会学理论蕴含着深刻的道德见解。其本体性安全、知识能力与行动能力、反思性自我认同等新颖的范畴与命题,不仅成为理解社会道德建设、个体道德发展的新范式,而且对学校道德教育目标、手段、课程资源及师生关系的优化,具有重要的思想启示与实践价值。

吉登斯结构化社会观评析

吉登斯试图解决主观与客观、行动与结构、个人与社会的二元对立问题,其结构化社会观在主观与客观、行动与结构、个人与社会之间双向滑移,实质是主张主观与客观、行动与结构、个人与社会的随机同一,此态度最终不是倒向主观主义,就是倒向客观主义;不是倒向行为主义,就是倒向结构主义;不是倒向个人主义,就是倒向社会主义。主观与客观、行动与结构、个人与社会是对立统一的矛盾关系,企图否定主观与客观、行动与结构、个人与社会的对立性是徒劳的。主观与客观、行动与结构、个人与社会的对立统一矛盾运动是"有根基"、"有向度"的,是革命性、超越性和开放性的,正是这种"有向度"、"有根基"的社会实践活动才创造了属人的现实生活世界。吉登斯的"二重性"和"辩证法"既无根基,亦无向度,其结构化社会观是机械的,具有乌托邦性质。

结构化教学的理论内涵、构成要素与实施策略——社会结构化理论的视角

结构化教学是新时代背景下深化课堂教学改革的重要方式,有目的、有计划地开展结构化教学,有助于提升学生的知识结构化和思维结构化水平,有效发展学生核心素养,推动育人方式变革。基于吉登斯的社会结构化理论视角建构素养导向的结构化教学理论内涵,涉及学生知识结构化、学生思维结构化以及课堂结构化三个相互密切关联的维度。其构成要素包括师生能动者及其能动性、结构化教学规则以及结构化教学资源,师生能动者的角色及其行为与由课堂教学规则和资源构成的教学制度之间是一种结构二重性的关系,这种课堂二重性结构也是教学活动得以再发展的媒介。新时代背景下,素养导向的结构化教学实践策略包括:开展单元整体教学设计,构建结构化教学内容;基于大概念统摄核心知识,培育学科思想方法;组织学科实践活动,构建课堂二重性结构;基于学习进阶测评学生思维水平,开展反思性教学。

社会结构化视角下的领导行为研究初探

领导学研究长期缺乏有效整合领导、下属和组织三者关系的理论框架,始终无法合理解释"领导如何产生影响"这一基本问题。在社会结构化理论视角下,领导和下属共同创造结构,结构引导行为从而使有效的组织实践在不同的时间和空间传递,并最终形成可观测的制度、战略、文化、绩效等组织形态。运用社会结构化诠释领导行为发挥作用的机制,有可能使领导学研究获得重要突破。

解读幼儿园中的教师社会——基于社会学的分析视角

幼儿园教师的工作环境是一个天然的社会构成,具有四个基本特性:同质化的性别空间、竞争化的社会生存、分群化的社会生态与悬殊化的社会分层。教师社会舆论的力量非常弱,她们通常是沉默的大多数。而且,教师既生存在分层化的社会结构中,也生存在教师群体内部的社会结构中,主班教师、配班老师和保育员的社会分工使其身陷结构的"铁笼",无法获得韦伯意义上的"轻巧的披风"。

迪尔凯姆、韦伯、吉登斯社会学之比较

把握西方社会学思想发展的基本线索 ,是深刻理解西方社会学乃至整个社会学本质的前提。从三个方面对西方社会学发展史上三位经典社会学家的主要的社会学思想进行较为深入的比较 ,希图通过这种比较来揭示西方社会学思想发展的内在逻辑与理论脉络。

媒体属性变迁对我国现代警政建设的影响

在剧烈变革的现代社会,新闻媒体经历了革命性变迁,我国警政也经历着从传统模式向现代警政的转变,警媒之间的社会结构与社会关系发生了巨大变革。市场属性的持续扩张引发媒体自由滥用的倾向,媒体不断弱化社会责任一味迎合受众追逐涉警负面新闻报道,严重破坏了现代警政的发展,阻碍了和谐警民关系的建设。运用西方社会学中经典的结构化理论分析社会结构性变化中警媒关系的演变和影响,探讨警界如何认识并妥善应对,对推动我国现代化警政建设具有重要启发与现实意义。

Self-perceptions and social–emotional classroom engagement following structured physical activity among preschoolers: A feasibility study

Background: The well-rounded development of the child, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social health, may be the most efficient route to well-being and academic success. The primary goal was to investigate the feasibility of implementing a 12-week structured program of physical activity(PA) incorporating cognitive, social, and emotional elements in preschool. Additionally, this study, using a within-subject design,examined the acute effects of a PA session on classroom engagement and changes on perceived competence and peer acceptance from the first to the last week of the program.Methods: Twenty-seven preschoolers(mean age = 4.2 years) completed the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children before and after a twice-weekly PA program. Unobtrusive classroom observations were conducted for verbal, social, and affective engagement during the first and last week of the program, both following a structured PA session(experimental day) and on a day without PA(control day). Treatment fidelity was monitored to ensure that the intervention was delivered as designed.Results: The children exhibited longer periods of verbal and social engagement during classroom periods that followed PA sessions than on non-PA days. Children also expressed more positive affect following PA sessions during the last week of the PA program. Despite high baseline scores,perceptions of general competence increased meaningfully(η2= 0.15, p = 0.05), driven by increase in perceptions of cognitive competence(η2= 0.15,p = 0.06).Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of providing structured PA program to preschoolers. Moreover, these initial findings suggest that purposely designed, structured PA may help advance the social–emotional engagement and perceived competence of preschool children.

“双高计划”背景下高职院校的发展路径、现实挑战与提升策略

作为应对新一轮产业革命的重大战略部署,"双高计划"对打造引领职业教育发展的高水平职业院校和专业群,形成与区域经济发展同频共振的新格局有深远意义。研究结果显示,基于社会结构化理论的自主发展能力和外部支持力度作为划分依据,高职院校可划分为自主建构型、协同合作型、依附发展型和消极被动型四种风格迥异的发展路径。在具体实践中,高职院校尚面临缺乏整体建设思路、专业群运行机制不畅、产教融合模式单一以及内外推力匮乏等多重制度性挑战。进一步指出未来高职院校治理效能提升的有效路径,即:明确整体思路,突破常规提升质量;专业群实现精准对接,形成特色考评体系;产教融合多方协同,科学建构"双主体"责任;打造对内研发创新和对外合作交流双循环驱动。

Seasonal variation in community structure and body length of dominant copepods around artificial reefs in Xiaoshi Island,China

This study aims to investigate the seasonal variations in copepod community structure and prosome length of dominant species from March 2009 to January 2010 around artificial reefs in Xiaoshi Island, Yellow Sea, Weihai, China. Samples were collected using two types of plankton net （Model I and Model II） for different-sized copepods. The number of taxon was calculated from the data of both the net types, while the copepod abundance was done using the samples from Model II only. Sixteen species of planktonic copepods, including 5 dominant species, were recorded. Results reveal that Oithona similis was the first dominant species from March to June, and was replaced by Paracalanus parvus in September; both dominated the copepod community in January. Acartia hongi was the second dominant species from March to September. Centropages abdominalis was the third dominant species from March to June, and was replaced by O. sirnilis in September and Corycaeus aJfinis in January. C. affinis was the fourth dominant species in September. Population density of the dominant copepods was compared with that of other similar regions. We found that the dominant species were mostly small copepods （〈1 mm） except for adult Centrapages abdominalis. Seasonal variation in prosome length of O. similis, C. abdominalis, and C. affinis, and their copepodites were studied for the first time in China. For P. parvus and A. hongi, seasonal trends in prosome length variation were similar with those in Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea, Qingdao, China, in a similar temperate domain. The results are helpful for future calculation of copepod biomass and production, and for investigation of the relationship between copepods and fish resources.

HOW to Look at the ＂Migrant Worker Shortage＂ from an Economic Perspective

The ＂migrant worker shortage＂ which occurred several）pears ago and the recent ＂labor shortage＂ were both caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of migrant workers. It is a periodical outcome of spontaneous adjustment by the migrant labor market. As rural welfare was greatly enhanced in 2009, migrant workers＇ opportunity cost of working outside their hometowns was raised. The connotation of migrant workers＇ ＂market price＂ is changing. The new generation of migrant workers, namely, those born after 1980, are becoming the mainstay of enterprises＇ employment. Being better educated, they have different lifestyles than previous generations. ＂Leisure and entertainment＂ have become part of their opportunity cost and reduced their labor supply. ＂Labor shortage＂ is an endogenous force that helps transform China＇s growth patter, upgrade the industrial structure and promote urbanization. The seasonal ＂return of migrant workers＂ and the ＂labor shortage＂ which appears around China＇s Spring Festival each year have grown into a unique b,t effective collective bargaining mechanism that helps increase migrant workers＇ wages. Facing labor shortages, governments should regulate the labor market pricing and orientate labor-intensive enterprises towards transition, continue to enhance the social security system for migrant workers and those in rural areas, and make an accurate forecast of the population trend and adjust population policies.

Sexism as Reflected in the Chinese and English Languages

Language is the cartier of culture, and also it is a mirror of society. Different social and cultural gender discrimination are inevitably reflected through the use of language. This article studies gender discrimination in English and Chinese respectively, from the structre of words, title, name, word order, vocabulary and slang and other aspects.

A Visual Cultural Study of Pictorial Weekly in the Republican Period

Peter Burke once said, using images as historical evidence could not only stand as proof of political events, economic trend, and social structure, but also as an illustration of the history of daily life, material culture, mental state, and physical body. Photography is the extension of human vision, the appearance of which has changed the way in which people see the world, molded the subject identity of modernity, and participated in the social construction of visual modernity. To witness the history is not the only purpose of studying on photograph-based pictorials in the republican period, for which it is more important to provide visual reference for the construction of China＇s modernization, and to witness the multiplicity, mobility, and inner-diversity of modernity.

The Architecture of Value Thinking and Pneuma in Housing Associations

Housing associations make too small a contribution to society, the government has to step in too frequently because of maladministration, and the associations＇ executives are often unaware of the far-reaching impact of their decisions. These are the conclusions of new academic research conducted by Jan Veuger of Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University （RSM）. In the author＇s dissertation, he asserts that in numerous cases, there is no correlation between social and financial objectives. The Dutch House of Representatives debated the results of the report Ver van huis from the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry on Housing Associations in early December, 2014. The research that is being carried out at the moment is constructed in a manner that if we understand something about value thinking and what underlying motivation is, an approach can be deducted that will allow us to control them. After the introduction, an explanation of the theme of the research will be given and the choice for a four-phase model with a deepening as to what value（s） is （and are）. From the perspective of the four-phase model, the emphasis will be put on the socialization and thinking capacities, and parallels will be drawn between the values within the four-phase model, the examined values, and in specific, public housing corporations.

Nuclear Power Development for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in China

It is a consensus of international community to promote the development of low carbon economy in order to face the challenges of climate change. According to the features of nuclear energy, the greenhouse gas （GHG） emission of nuclear energy chain and other energy chain are compared and analyzed, and the results indicate that the GHG emission of nuclear power chain is the least in all types of power generation. The status of nuclear power development and the potential benefit in GHGs emission reduction by developing nuclear power in China are also analyzed. Active nuclear power development is a smart choice for constructing low-carbon energy structure and for addressing global climate changes in China.

Cultural Pattern of Rhetorical Move in Indonesian Students＇ Speeches

In analysing a speech genre, genre analysis is applied. Genre analysis is a recent trend in discourse analysis. It combines socio-cultural and psycholinguistic aspect of text construction and interpretation. This analysis aims to show what extent surface linguistic forms align with given standardized communicative events. To construct a text, a speaker should master its schematic structure. The schematic structure consists of organizing the rhetoric. It covers the macro-stages which can be classified into introductory stage, body stage, and concluding stage. The rhetorical organization/structure （micro moves） of a speech genre includes ＂opening marker＂, ＂gambit＂, ＂narration＂, and ＂marker＂ in the introductory stage; ＂claim＂, ＂confutation＂, ＂confirmation＂, and ＂concession＂ in the body stage; ＂marker＂, ＂appeal/recommendation＂, and a closing in the body stage. By studying the schematic structure, it can be recognized how the students construct the genre, whether they follow the linear pattern offered or their construction of speech is influenced by their native cultural way of thinking. In sequencing the micro moves, the students followed the sequence offered in the framework of speech genre. Although there was a slight difference in sequencing the moves, in general the students have conformed to the proposed sequence. The variety of sequencing the moves was prompted by the native language and cultural background （Javanese and Chinese）. Since rhetorical organization varies from culture to culotte, it can be tolerated that the students have a variety in sequencing the moves.

The Effect of Globalization on the Language Policy in a Multi-Cultural Kazakhstan

This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy

Analysis on the Causes of the Plight of Chinese Rural Migrant Workers＇ Endowment Insurance

At present, Chinese society is from traditional society to modern society in transition to accelerate, in the social, political, and economic structure, great changes have taken place; due to strong liquidity, migrant workers＇ groups in social security, are still in the stage of development, and there are still a lot of problems, especially the problem of endowment insurance. Although local governments develop the old-age insurance of migrant workers with their own characteristics, and have their respective advantages, but the effect is not ideal, as follows： ＂one low and one high＂, namely the migrant workers＇ participation rate was low and the insurance of migrant workers was ＂high rate of surrender＂. The reason is both within the Chinese social transformation factors, and external economic globalization competition; both obiectively, government policy implementation is not in place, and subjectively, migrant workers lack insured willing.

On Cultivation of Cross-Cultural Consciousness in College English Teaching

With the continuous development of the times, cultivating students＇ cross-cultural consciousness is becoming increasingly urgent. The development of new situation requires that college English teachers should also strengthen students＇ cultural content education and cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness, in order to stimulate students＇ learning interest, optimize students＇ knowledge structure and improve students＇ social cultural ability while introducing language knowledge and conducting listening, speaking, reading and writing training for students. Then, how to cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness in college English teaching？ This paper takes it as the theme for analysis, hoping to improve college English teaching quality.