“异分母分数加减法”之结构化教学实施路径

实施结构化教学需要了解学生认知结构的发展状况,从建构学生良好认知结构的角度出发,选择适当的教学策略,设计有效的教学活动。学生学习的目的不仅是理解并记住教材内容,更是要建立完善的认知结构,教学中要通过理解知识结构、设计教的结构、引导结构地学,让学生真正参与到建立数学知识体系的过程中来。

基于体素的三维GIS数据模型的研究

文中对现有的三维 GIS数据模型进行了讨论 ,然后结合地学结构的特点 ,提出了一种基于体素的不规则三棱柱网络 ( TPN)数据模型 。

~1H and ^(13)C NMR Assignments for Amlodipine and Risperidone

Aim To investigate the NMR spectroscopy of amlodipine and risperidone.Methods 1D NMR and 2D NMR experimental techniques of gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC were wsed. Results Theassignments of the ~1H and ^(13) C NMR data for the two drugs were performed and confirmed by theevidence of J_(HF) and J_(CF). Conclusion The structures of amlodipine and risperidone wereconfirmed by careful analysis of regular 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.

Site quality evaluation of loblolly pine on the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain,USA

Eleven soil types, which can be identified and delineated using conventional soil survey procedures, were characterized for loblolly pine （Pinus taeda L.） productivity. Four 4-hectare study sites, each containing four measurement plots, were established for every soil type studied. In a stepwise multiple regression, both soil parent material （i.e. a combination of subsoil texture and geology） （p〈0.001）, and drainage class （p=0.006） were significant predictors of site index （tree age 25）, and the overall linear regression model had an R2 value of 0.55. The extremes of soil parent material differed by 3.9 m site index （loamy subsoil on the Wicomico-Penholoway surfaces versus clayey subsoil on the Pamlico-Princess Anne surfaces）. Each increment of drainage class differed by 0.7 m site index. For example, a poorly drained soil had 0.7 m lower site index than a somewhat poorly drained soil. For seven of the eleven soil types studied, there is greater than 80% probability that estimated mean site index is within ±0.8 m of the actual soil type mean site index. The other four soil types （labeled G, I, C and K） need to be either redefined or sampled more intensively. Two of these need to be subdivided in order to adequately characterize site quality, one based on geology （Soil type G） and one based on soil drainage class （Soil type I）. Variation in soil drainage class and varying amounts of topsoil displaced into windrows were both factors influencing site quality variation of a third soil type （Soil type C）. The wide variation in site index data for a fourth soil type （Soil type K） appeared to be due, in part, to sampling study locations and individual measurement plots with less than optimum bedding and/or artificial drainage. Soil parent material （subsoil texture and geology） along with drainage class were found to be important factors influencing site quality on the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain.

Research and development of seismic base isolation technique for civil engineering structures

Base isolation is one of the most promising alternatives among the structure control methods. In recent decades, base isolation has been seriously considered for civil structures, such as buildings and bridges, subjected to ground motion. The research achievements and development of seismic base isolation technique for civil structures in Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) are introduced. The achievements include project applications, experimental research results and theoretical innovation.

The concept, structure and characteristics of the distributed virtual coal-mine geographical environment

Distributed virtual coal-mine geography environment（CM-DVGE） researches the virtual reality simulation of coal-mine environment in cyberspace and the performance of coal production process. The goal is to deal with the practical safety problems of observation, analysis, design and training during the underground coal production process. This paper first probed into the evolution of CM-DVGE from a historical point of view, then respectively analyzed the characteristics of its physical progressive levels according to the cognitivd law and its logical structure of data on the basis of data flow, and concluded by putting forward the prospect of the application of CM-DVGE, thus enriched and developed the method of synthetic study of coal mine.

APPLICATION OF SOME MECHANICAL CONCEPTS TO STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

This paper discusses some mechanical concepts that have been largely applied to structural geology and tectonics, and addresses the problems and misunderstandings in use of these mechanical terms. The purpose is to stimulate the interests for structural geologists in using the mechanical principles and methods correctly to solve the geodynamic problems.

Review on Deep Geophysical Exploration and Research in China

The status of deep geophysical exploration and research in China is summarized in this paper. New achievements in the study of the velocity structure, seismotectonics and geodynamics of the crust and upper mantle are also briefly described.

SEDIMENTARY-STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF A STRIKE-SLIP COAL BASIN IN CENTRAL YUNNAN,CHINA

The Kebao coal basin is located at the middle segment of the Xiaojiang fault zone in the central part of Yunnan Province. The coal-bearing strata of Tertiary age are made up of alluvial fan-lacustrine-swamp genetic sequences. Sinistral strike-slip motion of the N-S trending fault zone has created a locally transtensional or transpres sional tectonic environment, giving rise to the relative movement of fault blocks in the basement, and the development of a strike-slip coal basin at the surface. Based on de tailed sedimentary-structural analyses, the paper proposes geodynamic models for the coal basin formation and its deformation.

A Contrastive Study on French and Urhobo Phonological Systems A Case Study of Articles and Demonstrative Structures

It is a general knowledge that French as a language is widely spoken internationally whereas Urhobo is mainly spoken in the geographical location where it belongs. It is also spoken, and this, sparingly so, by Urhobo persons in the Diaspora. Presently, Urhobo has become a language of study at the Delta State University, Abraka. It has also been included in the educational curriculum for study at the lower cadre of secondary school education in the Delta State. This situation has triggered the author＇s interest in doing a contrastive phonological study. The significance of this study is that it will highlight the salient differences in some of the grammatical aspects in the languages under consideration and also identify the difficulties that learners experience as a result of these difficulties. The author will also, as much as it is possible, proffer solutions to these learning difficulties.

Geophysical, Petrographic and Geochemical Survey on the Nazca Lines

This paper reports some results of geoscientific investigations of the shallow subsurface beneath the Nazca geoglyphs in the stone desert in southern Peru. A resistivity and georadar survey was accompanied by soil sampling at a test site in the Palpa district. The resulting images of the two geophysical methods indicate similar structures. Georadar enables a fast and continuous data acquisition but is restricted in its depth of penetration. Despite the dry surface conditions, the electrical method yielded good results in the desert area. The resulting resistivity images for both vertical and horizontal slices provide structural information that might be interpreted in terms of lithology and water content. A promising correlation between sulfate content and electrical resistivity at shallow depth was observed that might be helpful to provide insight into the migration of chemical constituents. The approach to combine geophysical, mineralogical and geochemical methods proves to be successful to extend the knowledge on the weathering processes in the desert soil.

A new fracture model for the prediction of longwall caving characteristics

A new numerical model is presented to simulate fracture initiation and propagation in geological structures. This model is based on the recent amalgamation of established failure and fracture mechanics theory, which has been implemented to the finite difference FLAC code as a constitutive FISH userdefined-model. Validation of the model has been studied on the basis of comparing the transitional failure modes in rock. It is shown that the model is capable of accurately simulating fracture distributions over entire brittle to ductile rock phases. The application of the model during longwall retreat simulation highlighted several caving characteristics relevant to varying geological condition. The distribution and behaviour of modelled fractures were both realistic and shown to provide an enhanced post failure analysis to geological structures in FLAC. Moreover, the model introduces new potential insight towards the failure analysis of more complicated problems. This is best suited towards improving safety and efficiency in mines through the prediction of various key fractures and caving characteristics of geological structures.

Crustal Stress Measurement for Significant Project Construction and Its Application in Design

The hydrofracturing technique has developed into a reliable and practical method for determining the original three-dimensional crustal stress state of underground caverns,the load-bearing capacity of a high pressure cavern itself,and the high pressure hydraulic permeability of rock masses,and has also been extensively used in disposal of nuclear waste,long and deeply-buried traffic channels and high-pressure cavern engineering for hydraulic power plants.The practice shows that the comprehensive measurement of the physical parameters of the rock mass and taking full use of the wall rock load-bearing capacity to optimize the engineering design hold are very useful in ensuring the engineering safety and improving the design level.

Structural Features of Zooplankton Cenosis of Southern Kazakhstan Surface Waters

The present condition of Southern Kazakhstan natural reservoirs is represented in the article. The research was held in summer time of 2010. Quantitative and qualitative features and dominating types of zooplankton of the individual reservoirs are shown. It is detected that the waters of the South Kazakhstan oblast （region） are inhabited by 70 types of zooplankton organisms of different taxonomic groups, whose association to certain reservoir depends on the hydrochemical indicators of the aquatic environment.

Pre-processing and post-processing method for geostress simulation using seismic interpretation results

In order to carry out numerical simulation using geologic structural data obtained from Landmark(seismic interpretation system), underground geological structures are abstracted into mechanical models which can reflect actual situations and facilitate their computation and analyses.Given the importance of model building, further processing methods about traditional seismic interpretation results from Landmark should be studied and the processed result can then be directly used in numerical simulation computations.Through this data conversion procedure, Landmark and FLAC(the international general stress software) are seamlessly connected.Thus, the format conversion between the two systems and the pre-and post-processing in simulation computation is realized.A practical application indicates that this method has many advantages such as simple operation, high accuracy of the element subdivision and high speed, which may definitely satisfy the actual needs of floor grid cutting.

The Extension Methods and Fecision-making Analysis on the Planting Dtructure of Dlope Garmland in Northern Shaanxi

Based on the resent research about the planting structure of slope farmland in northern Shaanxi,in order to increase the native's income,we use the theory of the extension methods to analyze the planting structure of slope farmland,so that we can get the extensive strategy,and put them into use for planting of slope farmland to make the native's income higher.

Industrial Design Graduates in the Nigerian Labour Market： Unemployed or Unemployable

The annual turnout of faculty graduates in Nigeria is not only increasing numerically but it is ironically, unemployed and other times unemployable. This assertion is supported by researches in the social sciences and reasons adduced to the trend range from lack of qualitative and unavailability of teaching and research facilities, as well as insufficient capable human resources among others. This paper x-rayed the case of Industrial Design graduates and their post training outcome, to understand whether or not graduates of Industrial Design are gainfully employed, unemployed, or unemployable; and why？ Research design used was survey, while the instrument administered on the sample size was structured questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty-three （233） students of Industrial Design constituted the sample size. The research questions were analyzed with the aid of Table of frequency distribution, while a non-parametric test by way of Friedman＇s two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the hypotheses. The outcome of the study revealed that, though the programme of Industrial Design is evolving as craft-based, it is viable. Graduates of the programme are not unemployable in the Nigerian labour market. Finally, the paper proffers solutions and recommendations in form of ideas and deductions to enhance the aim of the study.

APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE SPLINE FUNCTIONS TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN COAL GEOLOGY

A surface spline function is used to fit a coal seam surface in structural anal ysis in coal geology. From the surface spline function, the first and second partial derivatives can also be derived and used to structural analysis, especially for recogni tion of the concealed structures. The detection of structures related to faulting is em phasized.

Discussion on the Seismogenic Fault of the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake

The opinions of two papers carried in the journal "Seismology and Geology" are discussed in the paper.One is that the Tangshan fault is a high-angle,west-dipping and thrust with strike-slip fault.The other is that the Fuzhuang-Xihe fault distributed on the east side of Tangshan city is the seismogenic fault that caused the Tangshan earthquake.For the former opinion,it needs to explain the relationship between the active style of the thrust Tangshan fault and the formation genesis of a Quaternary depression along the west side of Tangshan city.For the latter opinion,if the Fuzhuang-Xihe fault is the seismogenic fault of the Tangshan earthquake,it needs to explain the genesis relationship between this west-dip slip fault zone and the strike-slip surface fissure zone that extends through Tangshan city.And it needs more evidence exclude the possibility that the surface rupture belongs to the rupturing of a secondary structure.This paper suggests doing more work on the active fault that controls the Caobo Quaternary depression.

＂Trades＂ and ＂Social Membership＂ into the Context of Feudal Friulian Society during Late Middle Ages （13th Century- 1511）

It is a very hard job for historians to keep themselves neutrals in from of the events they find during their studies. It is also difficult to notice the correlations among the different times of the history without falling in anachronistic mistakes. In fact, it is well-known that a historian must be wise and rational when he finds those correlations, because every society has its own characteristics, structures, and mentality. This brief essay focuses on the social structures in a north eastern italic region, which is called Friuli, between the 12th and 16th centuries. In the above mentioned centuries, it is possible to notice an evolution from a feudal ecclesiastical principality, ruled by prince-patriarchs, ecclesiastical institutions and nobility, to a more fluid and dynamic constitution formed by new classes which rose up in times of urban and economic development. But this development struggles to delete the old system, which persisted until the end of 18th century with the arrival of Napoleon. The transition from the Patriarch＇s power to Venice＇s dominion seems to have created two main consequences： by one hand a more bureaucratic and modem structure of the State, by the other hand a consolidation of the old connections between patrons and clients, consequence of the ＂modem＂ feudal system that consolidated its roots in the Late Middle Ages centuries.