厚壁毛竹结构性成分含量特征

采用范氏洗涤纤维法分别测定竹叶、竹枝和竹秆中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的含量,研究了厚壁毛竹不同部位和不同生长时间的结构性成分含量变化特征。结果表明:竹叶中纤维素含量低于半纤维素含量[分别为(27.71±5.82)%、(38.02±5.76)%],而竹枝和竹秆中纤维素含量均明显高于半纤维素含量;各部位按纤维素含量、木质素含量和结构性成分含量总和的高低分别为:竹秆中部、竹秆基部、竹秆梢部、竹枝和竹叶,而半纤维素含量相反。方差分析表明,不同部位间的纤维素、半纤维、木质素含量及其总和的差异均达到极显著水平(F>F0.01,P<0.01);不同生长时间的结构性成分含量及其总和的差异相对较小,仅木质素含量的差异达到显著性水平(F=4.777,P=0.012)。研究结果为厚壁毛竹的利用奠定基础。

中国预算余额的多维测度——基于跨年度平衡视角的考察

政府财政的可持续性问题,与预算体系及其运转模式密切相关,同时也是中国政府预算改革和发展中面临的重要挑战。作为体现财政收入和支出间差异水平的预算余额,既包含着政府相机抉择预算政策对收支关系所产生的影响,又融合了因经济内生波动而产生的结果。在构建跨年度预算平衡机制的过程中,厘清预算余额中的周期性成分和结构性成分是不可或缺的环节,亦是执行和调整中期财政规划的重要指标。本文在系统梳理预算余额测算方法及实践模式的基础上,结合中国财税体制特点并基于跨年度平衡的视角,考察中国自九五计划至十二五规划间的周期性预算余额和结构性预算余额,为中长期预算政策的制定和实施提供参考,以期对跨年度预算平衡的理论研究与机制构建有所裨益,从而有效增强多年度视野下政府预算决策的稳健性,推进中国财政的可持续发展。

Application of PCA and HCA to the Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Fluoroquinolones

Density functional theory （DFT） was used to calculate molecular descriptors （properties） for 12 fluoro-quinolone with anti-S.pneumoniae activity. Principal component analysis （PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis （HCA） were employed to reduce dimensionality and investigate in which variables should be more effective for classifying fluoroquinolones according to their degree of an-S.pneumoniae activity. The PCA results showed that the variables ELUMO, Q3, Q5, QA, logP, MR, VOL and △EHL of these compounds were responsible for the anti-S.pneumoniae activity. The HCA results were similar to those obtained with PCA.The methodologies of PCA and HCA provide a reliable rule for classifying new fluoroquinolones with antiS.pneumoniae activity. By using the chemometric results, 6 synthetic compounds were analyzed through the PCA and HCA and two of them are proposed as active molecules with anti-S.pneumoniae, which is consistent with the results of clinic experiments.

Electrodeposition and corrosion behavior of Zn-Ni-Mn alloy coatings deposited from alkaline solution

The potentiostatic electrodeposition of Zn-Ni-Mn was carried out in an alkaline solution with the addition of Mn salt.The effects of electrolyte Mn2+concentration and deposition potential on the surface morphology,phase structure and corrosion behavior of coatings were studied.The results of corrosion polarization showed that the presence of higher Mn content in Zn-Ni-Mn coatings could lead to the formation of a good passive layer with a 7-fold increase in Rp of coating and a significant decrease in the corrosion current density compared to those of Zn-Ni coating.The XRD and the XPS analyses from the surface of Zn-Ni-Mn after corrosion test showed that the passive layer was composed of zinc hydroxide chloride,zinc oxide,zinc hydroxide carbonate,and manganese oxides.

Effects of mechanical activation on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation tailings

The effects of mechanical activation in a planetary mill on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation railings generated by wet magnetic separation process were studied using X-ray and laser diffraction methods. The results revealed the relationship between variations in the mean particle size of activated powders and the milling time. The crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameters and unit cell volumes were determined for different milling times in powder samples of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite from the beneficiation tailings. The main trends in the variation of the crystallite size of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite as a function mean particle size of powder samples were revealed. Changes in the particle shape as a function of the activation time was also investigated.

Membership Proof and Verification in Authenticated Skip Lists Based on Heap

How to keep cloud data intact and available to users is a problem to be solved. Authenticated skip list is an important data structure used in cloud data integrity verification. How to get the membership proof of the element in authenticated skip list efficiently is an important part of authentication. Kaouthar Blibech and Alban Gabillon proposed a head proof and a tail proof algorithms for the membership proof of elements in the authenticated skip list. However, the proposed algorithms are uncorrelated each other and need plateau function. We propose a new algorithm for computing the membership proof for elements in the authenticated skip list by using two stacks, one is for storing traversal chain of leaf node, the other is for storing authentication path for the leaf. The proposed algorithm is simple and effective without needing plateau function. It can also be applicable for other similar binary hash trees.

区域差异与结构变迁:中国1978～2016

本文从理论模型、实证方法和中国案例3个角度解析经济结构变迁与收入分配之间的关系。本文构建的一般均衡理论模型显示,结构变迁会导致不均等的上升,但随着结构变迁的完成,不均等趋于下降至消失,二者之间呈现倒U型的关系。论文接着推导出一种基于基尼系数的分解方法,将不均等的变化分解为由结构变迁引起的结构性成分和其他因素引起的集中性成分。这些理论和方法可以用于探讨任何国家地区任何时期任何性质的结构变化与收入分配的关系。将该理论和方法运用于中国省级的产业人均增加值数据,结果表明,以工业化为特征的结构变迁带来了中国区域差异的上升,但结构性成分呈减弱的趋势,近年已经基本消失。这验证了本文的理论推断,也与中国从农业到制造业,再到服务业的结构变迁顺序及时点相吻合,同时意味着中国目前正在开始的服务业化转型,有可能再次带来收入分配的恶化。就实证发现而言,中国的区域不均等在改革开放后出现短暂下降,接着呈现明显上升的趋势,且结构变迁的作用先扩大后减弱。有意思的是,结构性成分与集中性成分在大部分年份里相互抵消,且结构性成分在不均等上升的年份里起到主导作用。从3个产业分别看,农业发展一直对不均等起到减缓作用;制造业发展虽然多年引起收入分配的恶化,但其影响一直在下降,近年来已经成为减少不均等的行业;服务业发展一直带来区域差异的上升,其影响从20世纪90年代后期起不断强化,近年已经超过其他两个产业。特别值得指出的是,近年中国收入分配的改善不是结构性的,所以不一定能持续。综合这些发现,本文建议政府高度重视服务业的发展不均衡问题,以防止不均等的恶化或反弹。

Chemical constituents and analgesic activity of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.

In the present study,we aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and analgesic activity of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. The isolation and purification of components were achieved by a series of chromatography, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. By using spectroscopic analysis, their structures were identified. Using PDE-4A as analgesic target, moleculardocking was conducted between isolated compounds by using Schrodinger software. Neoline is a typical non-ester diterpene alkaloid. It was studied by using the mouse torsion body method and hot plate method. A total of 12 diterpene alkaloids were obtainedand identified as Mesaconitine(1), Bewutine (2), Bewudine (3), Songoramine (4), Songorine (5), Neoline (6), Talasamine (7), isotalatizidine (8), Hokbusine A (9), Mesaconine (10), 8-OEt-14-benzoylmesaconine (11), 8-Methoxy-14-benzoyl-beiwutinine (12).Compounds 9 and 12 were isolated from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. for the first time. Twelve diterpenealkaloids could act on the analgesic target. Neoline is a typical non-ester diterpene alkaloid. It had significant analgesic effect. Diterpene alkaloids were the main components of Aconitum kusnezoffiiReichb., and they had good analgesic activity.

Total synthesis of proposed structures ofjiangrines C and D

On the basis of the proposed structures of jiangrines C and D, a synthetic strategy was initiated from D-glyceraldehyde acetonide,a readily available chiral material. Through a linear seven-step synthesis, the target molecules were accomplished. However, all characteristic data of the synthetic 3 and 4 were found to be different from those of natural jiangrines C and D. Accordingly, the molecular structures of jiangrines should be revised and a possible molecular skeleton for them was proposed.

Glyconanomaterials： Emerging applications in biomedical research

Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant organic matter in nature, serving as structural components and energy sources, and mediating a wide range of cellular activities. The emergence of nanomaterials with distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties has witnessed a rapid adoption of these materials for biomedical research and applications. Nanomaterials of various shapes and sizes having large specific surface areas can be used as multivalent scaffolds to present carbohydrate ligands. The resulting glyconanomaterials effectively amplify the glycan-mediated interactions, making it possible to use these materials for sensing, imaging, diagnosis, and therapy. In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies for the preparation of various glyconanomaterials. Examples are given where these glyconanomaterials have been used in sensing and differentiation of proteins and cells, as well as in imaging glycan-medicated cellular responses.

An efficient time-integration method for nonlinear dynamic analysis of solids and structures

This paper presents an efficient time-integration method for obtaining reliable solutions to the second-order nonlinear dynamic problems in structural engineering. This method employs both the backward-acceleration differentiation formula and the trapezoidal rule, resulting in a self-starting, single step, second-order accurate algorithm. With the same computational effort as the trapezoidal rule, the proposed method remains stable in large deformation and long time range solutions even when the trapezoidal rule fails. Meanwhile, the proposed method has the following characteristics: (1) it is applicable to linear as well as general nonlinear analyses; (2) it does not involve additional variables (e.g. Lagrange multipliers) and artificial parameters; (3) it is a single-solver algorithm at the discrete time points with symmetric effective stiffness matrix and effective load vectors; and (4) it is easy to implement in an existing computational software. Some numerical results indicate that the proposed method is a powerful tool with some notable features for practical nonlinear dynamic analyses.

Design and synthesis of porous non-noble metal oxides for catalytic removal of VOCs

The design and synthesis of highly active non-noble metal oxide catalysts, such as transition- and rare-earth-metal oxides, have attracted significant attention because of their high efficiency and low cost and the resultant potential applications for the degradation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). The structure-activity relationships have been well-studied and used to facilitate design of the structure and composition of highly active catalysts. Recently, non-noble metal oxides with porous structures have been used as catalysts for deep oxidation of VOCs, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic compounds, aldehydes, and alcohols, with comparable activities to their noble metal counterparts. This review summarizes the growing literature regarding the use of porous metal oxides for the catalytic removal of VOCs, with emphasis on design of the composition and structure and typical synthetic technologies.

Highly chemiluminescent magnetic mesoporous carbon composites Fe_3O_4@void@C with yolk-shell structure

In this work,highly chemiluminescent magnetic mesoporous carbon with yolk-shell structure was synthesized by encapsulating N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol(ABEI)and Co^(2+)into the magnetic mesoporous carbon composites(Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C).The synthetic Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C showed a good magnetic separation property,which could remove residual ABEI molecules and Co^(2+)in less than 3 min under an external magnet.Moreover,the synthetic Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C demonstrated good chemiluminescence(CL)property and good stability when interacted with alkaline H_2O_2solution.The CL intensity of such Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C was about 120 times higher than that of ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C.The Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C also exhibited good electrochemiluminescence(ECL)property in alkaline solution.The outstanding CL/ECL performance of the Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C was attributed to the Co^(2+)immobilized in the Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C,which catalyzed the decomposition of H_2O_2to generate O_2^(·-)and HO~·,expediting the CL/ECL reaction.The synthetic Co^(2+)-ABEI-Fe_3O_4@void@C may be of great application for the development of new methodologies in bioanalysis.