一种调查医疗器械不良事件原因的结构性方法的研究

目的:提出一种结构化的方法,支持在临床背景下深入调查医疗设备不良事件的原因。方法:既往医疗器械相关的不良事件往往仅归因于“器械”或“操作者”的问题,但医疗设备的使用涉及设备、临床团队、患者、基础设施等环节。因此,开发一个基于医疗设备和临床团队在基础设施上的医疗保健应用的概念框架,来探索医疗设备不良事件的原因,利用该方法对文献和匿名事件数据库中的事件进行分析。结果:该方法识别并分类了事故的潜在原因,探索了“设备”“操作员”或“基础设施”故障的细节。由于不同设备类型产生的故障原因不同,进而通过建立事故数据库来确定设备导致无法使用的原因。结论:结构化的方法能够深入挖掘不良事件更深层的原因,利用该方法可以全方位地探索原因,从而帮助开发一致的术语来描述和共享有关医疗器械不良事件的原因信息。

安全协议形式化分析方法综述之一:基于推理结构性方法

本文给出了基于推理结构性安全协议形式化分析方法的一个全面综述,分析了此类方法中的各种逻辑系统的优势与不足。

安全协议形式化分析方法综述之二——基于攻击结构性方法

本文给出了现行的基于攻击结构性方法的分类,分析了各类工具的特点。

高职思想政治理论课结构性考核方法初探

思想政治理论课考核方法的改革是适应社会和高职学生发展的需要,思想政治理论课考核方法的改革目标是建立结构性考核方法,实施结构性考核方法的关键是改革教学方法,把结构性考核内容贯穿到整个教学过程中去。

产业发展水平结构性测度方法与应用

针对现有评价方法鲜少关注于对产业发展模式和机制进行"结构性"研究的现状,文章在评价指标、权重系数和集结模型这三个关键评价流程中引入多维度视角,提出了全流程多维系统评价模型,旨在明晰待测度产业发展水平的同时,探寻其发展模式和运行机理。最后用中国电子信息产业的实例说明了该方法的可行性。

高职思想政治理论课结构性考核方法初探

思想政治理论课考核方法的改革是适应社会发展和高职学生发展的需要，思想政治理论课考核方法的改革目标是建立结构性考核方法，实施结构性考核方法的关键是改革教学方法，把结构性考核内容贯穿到整个教学过程中去。

会计实务实训中学生沟通能力提升的教学方法探析

学生沟通能力是会计实务实训教学中一项重要任务,降低沟通障碍是提升沟通成效的必要之路。因此,会计教师如何设计有助降低学生沟通忧虑的教学方法是一个值得深入探究的主题。设计了一种基于结构性争辩的优化教学方法,并把其应用到会计实务实训中,选取宁德财经学校会计系学生作为实验样本,样本被分为实验组与控制组,通过会计实务实训教学实践,结果表明实验组的学生不论在口头还是写作上均优于控制组。由此可知,优化结构性争辩教学方法有效降低了实验组学生的沟通沟通忧虑,其在会计实务实训教学中具有较好的推广应用价值。

货币政策的国际前沿研究方法——日本货币政策结构性分析系统的构建和应用

本文对货币政策领域前沿的结构性分析方法进行介绍,以日本为案例构建一个简单的结构性政策分析系统,并应用该系统分析日本货币政策效果受限的可能原因。对于采用多目标、多工具货币政策框架、并处于快速改革阶段的中国来说,结构性分析方法的应用稍复杂,但并没有无法解决的技术障碍。该方法不仅可以避免传统计量方法难以应对的维度灾难和卢卡斯批评,且对数据数量和质量也没有过高的依赖,其突出的前瞻性特征有望在中国的货币政策研究和目标简化等改革中发挥作用。

历史与结构:国外毛泽东研究的方法论探讨

在国外毛泽东研究领域,存在着两种基本的研究方法:一种是历时性、历史性的方法,它强调毛泽东研究应根据不同的时段划分,分别研究毛泽东及其思想在不同历史时期的个性化特征;一种是共时性、结构性方法,强调对毛泽东的一生应做整体研究,跨越时空间隔,打破时段划分,探讨毛泽东在早中晚三个时期的共性特点。依据这样两种方法,国外毛泽东研究领域已经形成了各自的成果。本文力图在对以上研究成果介绍与说明的基础上,尝试从方法论角度探讨国外研究对拓展和深化国内毛泽东研究可能具有的借鉴意义和参考价值。

浅析经营者集中救济

经营者集中救济对于经营者集中的规制有着重要的作用,其能够发挥经营者集中的优势作用,又能够规制不正当竞争,是市场有效竞争的一种手段。经营者集中救济措施的背后往往有很多参考因素,例如产业整体类型、市场的特点和状况、竞争的危害性、救济措施的效率和有效期限等。我国在经营者集中救济方面还存在很多的不足,因此,文章认为,有必要从救济的类型和救济的方式等方面进行完善。

Density Functional Study of AunCo （n=1-7）

Cobalt-doped gold clusters AunCo （n=1-7） are systematically investigated for the possible stable geometrical configurations and relative stabilities of the lowest-lying isomers using density-functional theory at B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. Several low-lying isomers were determined, and many of them are in electronic configurations with a high spin multiplicity. The results indicate that the ground-state AunCo（n=1-7） clusters adopt a planar structure except for n=7. The stability trend of the AunCo （n=1-7） clusters shows that the Au2Co clusters are magic cluster with high stability.

Analysis on age structure of Zoysia japonica (Poaceae) population

The age-structure of natural population of Zoysia japonica in Xiuyan County of Liaoning Province was studied by generational method. The results showed that the highest tiller age class was three, but 1st age class tillers held dominant posi-tion with proportions over 95% in each month during the growing seasons. The 2nd age class and 3rd age class tillers were minority in the population. So Z. japonica population was an expanding population. The zero age class buds on the rhizomes were dominant in buds age structures. The proportion of buds to tillers on quantity in each month was about 30% to 40% and reached the highest at the end of September. The increasing of buds proportion before dormancy guaranteed the quantity of tillers in the next spring. The biomass of 1st age class tillers changed with time. The biomass kept increasing from April to July and reached the highest at the end of July and then decreased.

丰水地区季节规律下的水安全评价——以湖南省水安全评价为例

近年来,水安全问题已成为学术界以及社会各界关注的焦点。但是对丰水地区的水安全研究较少,然而这些地区的水安全问题正日益突出。文章针对湖南省水安全的具体问题具体分析,根据其水资源随时间分布的季节规律这一重要特征,在年内分为干湿两季,分别用半结构决策理论方法对其水安全进行了评价分析。结果表明:把水文循环季节规律与水安全评价相结合的评价体系在丰水地区有较好的适用性,能更好地为丰水地区水安全决策的制定与选择提供依据。

中外合资水务企业实施IT SOX的理论与实践

随着我国经济的高速发展，越来越多的国内企业在规模上达到了世界一流水平，而管理水平、综合素质也有了长足的进步。企业扩张的需求促使他们到美国股市寻求海外融资，其间问题也应运而生。2001年安然、世通等财务欺诈丑闻造就了《萨班斯一奥克斯利法案》的诞生，其中最为严厉、最富有争议的条款是旨在加强上市公司内控制度并保证财务报告可靠性的404条款。按照SEC的规定，在美国上市的非本土公司须和本土公司一样遵循SOX404，我国内地和香港现共有近百家公司在美国融资上市，SOX404的合规是它们不得不面对的挑战。中国公司内部控制薄弱，精细化管理和流程管理都不完善，在实际操作中遇到了众多问题。本文旨在分析中外合资水务企业遵循SOX404的机遇和挑战，并试图在结合本水务集团现状的基础上借鉴其他国家的经验，提出应对方法，从而为中外合资水务企业实施ITSOX提供理论与实践上的帮助。

论有效的教育学教学

师范院校教育学教学效果欠佳的现状成为影响高师学生教育素养获得的一个重要因素。因此,有效的教育学教学需要转变教学观念、改变教学方式方法、确立新的评价方式,从而真正让教育学教学富有活力。

Modelling of ultrasonic motor with dead-zone based on Hammerstein model structure

The ultrasonic motor (USM) possesses heavy nonlinearities which vary with driving conditions and load-dependent characteristics such as the dead-zone. In this paper, an identification method for the rotary travelling-wave type ultrasonic motor (RTWUSM) with dead-zone is proposed based on a modified Hammerstein model structure. The driving voltage contributing effect on the nonlinearities of the RTWUSM was transformed to the change of dynamic parameters against the driving voltage. The dead-zone of the RTWUSM is identified based upon the above transformation. Experiment results showed good agreement be- tween the output of the proposed model and actual measured output.

Analysis of structural response under blast loads using the coupled SPH-FEM approach

A numerical model using the coupled smoothed panicle hydrodynamics-finite element method （SPH-FEM） approach is presented for analysis of structures under blast loads. The analyses on two numerical cases, one for free field explosive and the other for structural response under blast loads, are performed to model the whole processes from the propagation of the pressure wave to the response of structures. Based on the simulation, it is concluded that this model can be used for reasonably accurate explosive analysis of structures. The resulting information would be valuable for protecting structures under blast loads.

Finite element analysis on thermal upheaval buckling of submarine burial pipelines with initial imperfection

In-service hydrocarbons must be transported at high temperature and high pressure to ease the flow and prevent the solidification of the wax fraction. The pipeline containing hot oil will expand longitudinally due to the rise in temperature. If such expansion is resisted, for example by frictional effects over a kilometer or so of pipeline, compressive axial stress will be built up in the pipe-wall. The compressive forces are often so large that they induce vertical buckling of buffed pipelines, which can jeopardize the structural integrity of the pipeline. A typical initial imperfection named continuous support mode of submarine pipeline was studied. Based on this type of initial imperfection, the analytical solution of vertical thermal buckling was introduced and an elastic-plasticity finite element analysis （FEA） was developed. Both the analytical and the finite element methodology were applied to analyze a practice in Bohai Gulf, China. The analyzing results show that upheaval buckling is most likely to build up from the initial imperfection of the pipeline and the buckling temperature depends on the amplitude of initial imperfection. With the same amplitude of initial imperfection, the triggering temperature difference of upheaval buckling increases with covered depth of the pipeline, the soil strength and the friction between the pipeline and subsoil.

Non-invasive determination of hepatic steatosis by acoustic structure quantification from ultrasound echo amplitude

AIM:To use leptin-deficient(ob/ob) mice with demonstrated differences in steatosis levels to test a new diagnostic method using the acoustical structure quantification(ASQ) mode and the associated analytical parameter,"focal disturbance ratio"(FD-ratio).METHODS:Nine ob/ob mice,at 5,8,and 12 wk of age(n = 3 in each age group),were used as models for hepatic steatosis.Echo signals obtained from ultrasonography in the mice were analyzed by ASQ,which uses a statistical analysis of echo amplitude to estimate inhomogeneity in the diagnostic region.FD-ratio,as calculated from this analysis,was the focus of the present study.FD-ratio and fat droplet areas and sizes were compared between age groups.RESULTS:No fibrosis or inflammation was observed in any of the groups.The fat droplet area significantly(P < 0.01) increased with age from 1.25% ± 0.28% at 5 wk to 31.07% ± 0.48% at 8 wk to 51.69% ± 3.19% at 12 wk.The median fat droplet size also significantly(P < 0.01) increased with age,from 1.33(0.55-10.52) m at 5 wk,2.82(0.61-44.13) m at 8 wk and 6.34(0.66-81.83) m at 12 wk.The mean FD-ratio was 0.42 ± 0.11 at 5 wk,0.11 ± 0.05 at 8 wk,and 0.03 ± 0.02 at 12 wk.The FD-ratio was significantly lower at 12 wk than at 5 wk and 8 wk(P < 0.01).A significant negative correlation was observed between the FD-ratio and either the fat droplet area(r =-0.7211,P = 0.0017) or fat droplet size(r =-0.9811,P = 0.0052).CONCLUSION:This tool for statistical analysis of signals from ultrasonography using the FD-ratio can be used to accurately quantify fat in vivo in an animal model of hepatic steatosis,and may serve as a quantitative biomarker of hepatic steatosis.

Improvement for design of beam structures in large vibrating screen considering bending and random vibration

Demand for large vibrating screen is huge in the mineral processing industry. As bending and random vibration are not considered in a traditional design method for beam structures of a large vibrating screen, fatigue damage occurs frequently to affect the screening performance. This work aims to conduct a systematic mechanics analysis of the beam structures and improve the design method. Total motion of a beam structure in screening process can be decomposed into the traditional followed rigid translation(FRT), bending vibration(BV) and axial linear-distributed random rigid translation(ALRRT) excited by the side-plates. When treated as a generalized single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) elastic system analytically, the BV can be solved by the Rayleigh's method. Stochastic analysis for random process is conducted for the detailed ALRRT calculation. Expressions for the mechanics property, namely, the shearing force and bending-moment with respect to BV and ALRRT, are derived, respectively. Experimental and numerical investigations demonstrate that the largest BV exists at the beam center and can be nearly ignored in comparison with the FRT during a simplified engineering design. With the BV and FRT considered, the mechanics property accords well with the practical situation with the maximum error of 6.33%, which is less than that obtained by traditional method.