高超声速旋转体气动加热、辐射换热与结构热传导的耦合数值分析

采用流场-热-结构耦合的计算方法,耦合气动加热、辐射换热和结构热传导,互为边界条件进行同步计算,研究了旋转体高超声速的流场和固壁温度分布,并数值模拟了旋转体的外流场和固壁结构温度场的非定常过程。计算结果表明:该数值方法可行,能较好地模拟整个流场和温度场的物理变化过程。

基于双曲正弦函数的拓扑优化在热传导结构设计中的应用

电子设备的热传导结构设计是解决飞机电子设备热防护问题的有效方法,基于经验的传统设计方法存在设计周期长,获得的结果性能并不一定优等问题,因此将拓扑优化应用在飞机电子设备散热设计中,能够快速获取较优的结构布局。建立基于双曲正弦函数(sinh函数)插值模型的热传导拓扑优化数学模型,将该模型的算法应用于二维、三维热传导算例,并通过MATLAB编程进行算法实现;该模型与SIMP模型和RAMP模型进行对比,并应用于机载LRM模块导热拓扑优化设计。结果表明:基于sinh函数的插值模型较SIMP插值模型精确,较RAMP插值模型的迭代次数少,能更好地解决热传导结构拓扑优化设计问题。

基于参数化水平集法的热传导结构拓扑优化

针对利用传统水平集法(level set method,LSM)进行热传导结构拓扑优化计算过程复杂及计算效率低等问题,本文将参数化水平集法(parametric level set method,PLSM)引入热传导结构拓扑优化中,通过紧支径向基函数(compactly supported-radial basis functions,CS-RBFs)插值初始的水平集函数,建立了以CS-RBFs的插值系数为设计变量,结构的散热弱度为目标函数以及材料体积为约束的热传导结构拓扑优化模型,再通过移动渐近线法(method of moving asymptotes,MMA)更新CS-RBFs的插值系数,结构的优化过程转化为插值系数的更新过程,由此得到最优拓扑。数值算例结果表明利用参数化水平集法(PLSM)与传统的水平集法(LSM)得到的拓扑结果基本一致,验证了该法的可行性和有效性。

LRM热传导结构在加固计算机中的研究与应用

为了有效提高现场可更换模块(Line Replaceable Module, LRM)热传导结构的导热效率,文中结合某加固计算机内LRM的热设计,研制了能够有效实现热源散热需求的LRM热传导结构,给出了降低LRM热传导结构中接触热阻的有效措施。利用Icepak热仿真软件对LRM热传导结构进行了热仿真分析,得出了不同导热材质和不同导热填充介质对LRM散热性能的影响,分析出了LRM热传导结构散热效率的最优解决方案,并对LRM在加固计算机内的散热性能进行了实际测试。结果表明,LRM热传导结构的散热效率优于其他散热结构的散热效率,完全满足热源的散热要求。热仿真和热测试结果对比表明,Icepak热仿真软件的计算结果与实际测试结果较为接近,在LRM热设计阶段具有可参考性。

考虑空腔的高超声速多流动区域同步数值模拟

先进的高超声速飞行器具有薄壁空腔结构,在飞行过程中受热会产生空腔内气体流动现象,从而影响流场和结构的温度分布。采用数值方法准确模拟高超声速流场、结构温度场和空腔内流动对热结构分析是很有必要的。以研究空腔流动对结构温度分布影响为目的,发展了一种适用于多流动区域流场/结构温度场耦合问题的同步计算方法,并以高超声速带空腔结构物体为例,数值研究了其外部气动热/结构热传导引起的空腔热对流问题。以已发展的高超声速外流场/结构温度场同步计算方法为基础,为了进一步考虑空腔内低速流场,采用了预处理矩阵方法。在流场与结构温度场的交界面两侧分别引入虚拟单元,从而高效地实现相邻场之间物理信息交换。首先通过标准算例验证了方法在求解单独气动热/结构热传导问题以及空腔自然对流问题中的准确性。进而对封闭和带有开孔的两种高超声速运动圆环分别进行多流动区域同步数值模拟。计算结果表明,由于结构温度不均匀引起的空腔内热对流反之也会对结构温度场分布产生轻微的影响。在空腔内气体流动的影响下,封闭圆环的前缘温度在35 s内最多下降0.8%左右。对于带开孔空腔的圆环,其孔壁周边温度在0.5 s内能够超过外流前缘驻点温度。

Analytical solutions of transient heat conduction in multilayered slabs and application to thermal analysis of landfills

The study of transient heat conduction in multilayered slabs is widely used in various engineering fields. In this paper, the transient heat conduction in multilayered slabs with general boundary conditions and arbitrary heat generations is analysed. The boundary conditions are general and include various combinations of Dirichlet, Neumann or Robin boundary conditions at either surface. Moreover, arbitrary heat generations in the slabs are taken into account. The solutions are derived by basic methods, including the superposition method, separation variable method and orthogonal expansion method. The simplified double-layered analytical solution is validated by a numerical method and applied to predicting the temporal and spatial distribution of the temperature inside a landfill. It indicates the ability of the proposed analytical solutions for solving the wide range of applied transient heat conduction problems.

Microstructure and thermal conductivity of carbon/carbon composites made with different kinds of carbon fibers

The microstructure and surface state of three kinds of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers （T700, T300 and M40） before and after high temperature treatment were investigated. Also, the pyrocarbon and thermal conductivity of carbon/carbon composites with different carbon fibers as preform were studied. The results show that M40 carbon fiber has the largest crystallite size and the least d002, T300 follows, and TT00 the third. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the surface state and crystal size of carbon fibers change correspondingly. M40 carbon fiber exhibits the best graphitization property, followed by T300 and then T700. The different microstructure and surface state of different carbon fibers lead to the different microstructures of pyrocarbon and then result in the different thermal conductivities of carbon/carbon composites. The carbon/carbon composite with M40 as preform has the best microstructure in pyrocarbon and the highest thermal conductivity.

Design and Analysis of a Thermally Insulating and Heating Scheme for Piezoelectric Stack Actuators Used in the Cryogenic Environment

In cryogenic wind tunnel tests,piezoelectric stacks are adopted to realize the vibration control of the cantilever sting.However,the free stroke and blocking force of the piezoelectric stack would decrease dramatically as the temperature decreases.This paper proposes a convenient and effective warming structure for the piezoelectric stack,which could keep it working at operating temperatures when the ambient temperature drops.The piezoelectric stack actuator is wrapped with the heating film,and this resulting assembly is then wrapped with the aerogel material for thermal insulation.Both ends of the piezoelectric stack actuator make direct contact with the payload structure.Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional theoretical analyses of the heating conduction problem of the piezoelectric stack actuator are conducted.These analyses results are compared with those of the finite element simulation analysis.The finite element method results show a good consistency with the two-dimensional theoretical results,and a slight deviation of only 0.91 K is observed,indicating its potential for protecting piezoelectric stacks at low temperatures.

碳基材料烧蚀下的热化学非平衡流场数值模拟研究

针对飞行器再入过程中碳基材料的烧蚀现象,采用考虑十三组元三十四反应式的流场化学反应模型,结合防热材料的烧蚀反应模型和结构热传导模型,建立了热化学非平衡烧蚀流场/结构温度场双向耦合数值模拟方法,并开展了算例验证。通过对三维球头模型烧蚀效应的模拟,获得了结构内部的温度场分布和烧蚀流场参数。结果表明,烧蚀效应改变了流场中化学反应组分的分布特性,同时增大了激波脱体距离,在工程设计中需要加以考虑。

Flow Structure and Heat Transfer Between Two Disks Rotating Independently

In the present paper, fluid flow and convective heat transfer between two co-axial disks rotating independently are dealt with mainly based on the author's recent research on that topic. Three rotational modes, i.e. co-rotation, rotor-stator, and counter-rotation, are considered. Theory of rotating non-isothermal fluids with the presence of disk rotation and thermal effects is addressed. Rotational buoyancy effects on the flow structure development are highlighted. Results of flow visualization and heat transfer measurements are discussed to explore the thermal flow mechanisms involved in the two-disk flows at various rotational and geometric conditions. Potential issues open to the future investigation are also proposed.

Ballistic thermal transport in a cylindrical quantum structure modulated with double quantum dots

Ballistic thermal transport properties in a cylindrical quantum structure modulated with double quantum dots(DQDs) are investigated.Results show that the transmission coefficients exhibit the irregular oscillation.Some resonant transmission peaks and stop-frequency gaps can be observed,and the number and positions of these peaks and gaps are sensitive to the sizes of DQDs.With increasing the temperature,the thermal conductance undergoes a transition from the decrease to increase,and can be efficiently tuned by modulating the radius,length of DQDs as well as the interval between DQDs.In addition,at low temperatures,the enhancement of the thermal conductance can be also observed in this case.Some similarities and differences between the cylindrical and rectangular structures are identified.

Constructal entransy dissipation rate minimization for leaf-like fins

Based on constructal theory,the constructs of the leaf-like fins are optimized by taking minimum entransy dissipation rate(for the fixed total thermal current,i.e.,the equivalent thermal resistance) as optimization objective.The optimal constructs of the leaf-like fins with minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are obtained.The results show that there exists an optimal elemental leaf-like fin number,which leads to an optimal global heat conduction performance of the first order leaf-like fin.The Biot number has little effects on the optimal elemental fin number,optimal ratios of length and width of the elemental and first order leaf-like fins;with the increase of the thermal conductivity ratio of the vein and blade,the optimal elemental fin number and optimal ratio of the length and width of the elemental leaf-like fin increase,and the optimal shape of the first order leaf-like fin becomes tubbier.The optimal construct based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is obviously different from that based on maximum temperature difference minimization.The dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is reduced by 11.54% compared to that based on maximum temperature difference minimization,and the global heat conduction performance of the leaf-like fin is effectively improved.For the same volumes of the elemental and first order leaf-like fins,the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance of the first order of the leaf-like fin is reduced by 30.10% compared to that of the elemental leaf-like fin,and the global heat conduction performance of the first order leaf-like fin is obviously better than that of the elemental leaf-like fin.Essentially,this is because the temperature gradient field of the first order leaf-like fin based on entransy dissipation rate minimization is more homogenous than that of the elemental leaf-like fin.The dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance defined based on entransy dissipation rate reflects the average heat transfer performance of the leaf-like fin,and can provide some guidelines for the thermal design of the fins from the viewpoint of heat transfer optimization.

The periodic unfolding method for the heat equation in perforated domains

We study the heat equation with non-periodic coefficients in periodically perforated domains with a homogeneous Neumann condition on the holes. Using the time-dependent unfolding method, we obtain some homogenization and corrector results which generalize those by Donato and Nabil(2001).