基于多深度模型的钻孔结构面智能识别与量化分析

钻孔摄影图像是地质工程中分析深部岩体的有效方法和重要手段,对于了解地表结构面延伸和地下结构面分布具有重要意义,尤其对水利工程中复杂地质条件的分析有着不可或缺的作用。目前,岩体中结构面的形态特征分析依赖于人工解译,其结果具有一定的主观性,同时不能保证解译的效率。为此提出了一种从数字钻孔摄像图像中智能分割结构面的方法,并结合图像细化实现岩体结构面几何信息的量化分析。在研究中首先采用Unet、SegNet和DeepLabV33种不同的深度网络结构,进行钻孔摄影图像结构面智能识别分析研究,并将识别结果与传统的图像处理方法进行了比较。研究结果表明:深度模型在复杂地质图像分割方面具有优越性。同时将Attention机制加入到编码-解码过程中,提升了模型的准确性。在精确实现结构面分割的基础上,采用图像细化方法提取出结构面的骨架,对骨架图像进行单宽处理并提取有效信息,最终实现结构面倾向、倾角和厚度的智能解译。对比结构面信息人工提取结果与自动识别结果,倾向、倾角误差在3°以内,厚度误差在0.65 mm以内。研究结果验证了本研究提出的结构面信息的智能量化方法的有效性,在水利工程中具有广泛的应用前景。

改进遗传算法和支持向量机的岩体结构面聚类分析

岩体结构面控制着岩质边坡和地下洞室等岩体工程的稳定性,在岩体力学及水力学分析中起到关键作用。为对岩体结构面进行合理分组,精确地模拟岩体结构面网络的分布,提出一种融合改进遗传算法和支持向量机的聚类方法。首先,根据岩体结构面产状信息建立结构面分组的数学模型,采用改进的遗传算法计算结构面样本的全局最优聚类中心,再以聚类中心为训练样本,利用支持向量机方法将结构面样本进行完全划分。通过随机产生的结构面数据以及实际工程的运用表明,遗传-支持向量机聚类算法对岩体结构面的分组合理,获得的优势结构面结果可靠。

优势结构面理论在某高边坡稳定性分析中的应用

对优势结构面理论进行了简单的介绍,并应用该理论对铜汤高速公路太平湖大桥拱座高边坡进行了稳定性分析,提出了治理措施建议。

考虑结构面效应的路堑类土质高边坡及其稳定性分析

提出了类土质边坡的概念 ,即具有结构面效应的土质边坡 ;归纳了几种典型的类土质边坡变形的工程地质模式 ,并抽象出组合滑动面的几种形式 ;

岩质边坡稳定分析一站式解决方案

岩质边坡稳定分析是工程地质勘察设计中的一项重要工作,主要包括岩体结构面产状量测、优势结构面统计、结构面稳定性分析以及报告编写等四部分内容。目前存在如下问题:一是岩体结构面量测一般采用传统的人工现场量测法,存在工作效率较低、量测范围受地形限制、结构面数据代表性较差的问题;随着边坡高度增大,坡度增陡,还存在严重的安全风险问题;二是结构面统计和结构面稳定分析虽然有单独的软件,需要人工转换才能完成上述两项工作,存在效率较低,无法批量分析和易出错问题;三是目前尚未出现能够一站式完成上述全部工作的软件,更无法自动生成分析报告。针对上述问题,作者应用Excel—DNA技术开发了岩体结构面一站式分析软件,包括利用三维实景模型进行结构面产状计算,结构面统计、结构面分析和报告编制等功能。经过与传统分析方法对比,成果正确,精度可靠。利用软件可有效提升勘察设计工作的标准化水平,促进生产效率和成果质量的大幅提升,具有很好的实用价值。

基于强度折减法及雷达探测法的破碎岩质边坡的稳定性研究

露天矿山断层破碎带附近的终了边坡的稳定性是矿山开采过程中重点研究对象,也是近年来国内外学者所研究的重要地质灾害之一。为了研究某矿山岩质破碎终了边坡的稳定性,以强度折减法为计算核心,采用雷达探测法提供基础岩体数据,并通过室内岩石力学试验法和结构面检测法等综合技术手段对该矿山两处破碎带(Ⅰ-Ⅰ剖面和Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖面)的岩体性质及边坡的稳定性分别进行了研究。结果显示:Ⅰ-Ⅰ剖面和Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖面的岩体力学参数均相对较低,但是边坡的整体性相对较好,通过三维数值计算得出两个剖面的最大剪应变的变化均不大,且两剖面最大剪应变的位置均出现在终了边坡的底部,边坡的上部和中部均没有产生大量的应变集中现象;通过对该矿区进行数值计算得出两处破碎带,随着矿区的开采,台阶坡面角设计为60°时,边坡的安全系数分别为1.61和2.41,两个边坡均处于稳定状态。

The Formation of Colored Film on Stainless Steel and the Study for Surface Structure

This paper discusses the coloration process on the stainless steel and the properties of the film. The compositions, morphology and structure of colored films on stainless steel are studied by using SEM,AES,AFM,STM. The diffusion controlled mechanisms of films and calculation formula of surface electropotential difference are discussed.

Studying surface structure in desert areas using multiple kinds of surface wave data

Shallow surface wave methods are mostly used for investigation of the surface velocity structure in environmental and engineering geophysics in non-desert areas. For the special geological features of the Takelamagan Desert area, we use the multi-channel analysis of surface wave （MASW） method to process multi-channel shallow surface wave records to determine the near surface velocity structure in the desert area. We also process, analyze, and compare the surface waves in many-trace records extracted from the oil exploration shot gathers in the area. We show that the MASW method can determine detailed shallow velocity structure in desert areas and the many-trace records can be used to get detailed deep geological structure. The combination of the two different datasets can obtain the exact velocity structure upper 60 m depth in the survey area.

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites produced by corrugated and flat rolling

Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites were fabricated by corrugated rolling(CR) and flat rolling(FR) method.Microstructure and mechanical properties of CR and FR laminated composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, numerical simulation methods, peel and tensile examinations. The effect of CR and FR was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the CR and FR laminated composites exhibited different effective plastic strain distributions of the Ti layer and Cu layer at the interface. The recrystallization texture, prismatic texture and pyramidal texture were developed in the Ti layer by CR, while the R-Goss texture and shear texture were developed in the Cu layer by CR. The typical deformation texture components were developed in the Ti layer and Cu layer of FR laminated composites. The CR laminated composites had higher bond strength, tensile strength and ductility.

Deformation-based freeform feature reconstruction in reverse engineering

For reconstructing a freeform feature from point cloud, a deformation-based method is proposed in this paper. The freeform feature consists of a secondary surface and a blending surface. The secondary surface plays a role in substituting a local region of a given primary surface. The blending surface acts as a bridge to smoothly connect the unchanged region of the primary surface with the secondary surface. The secondary surface is generated by surface deformation subjected to line constraints, i.e., character lines and limiting lines, not designed by conventional methods. The lines are used to represent the underlying informa-tion of the freeform feature in point cloud, where the character lines depict the feature’s shape, and the limiting lines determine its location and orientation. The configuration of the character lines and the extraction of the limiting lines are discussed in detail. The blending surface is designed by the traditional modeling method, whose intrinsic parameters are recovered from point cloud through a series of steps, namely, point cloud slicing, circle fitting and regression analysis. The proposed method is used not only to effectively and efficiently reconstruct the freeform feature, but also to modify it by manipulating the line constraints. Typical examples are given to verify our method.

Ant colony ATTA clustering algorithm of rock mass structural plane in groups

Based on structural surface normal vector spherical distance and the pole stereographic projection Euclidean distance,two distance functions were established.The cluster analysis of structure surface was conducted by the use of ATTA clustering methods based on ant colony piles,and Silhouette index was introduced to evaluate the clustering effect.The clustering analysis of the measured data of Sanshandao Gold Mine shows that ant colony ATTA-based clustering method does better than K-mean clustering analysis.Meanwhile,clustering results of ATTA method based on pole Euclidean distance and ATTA method based on normal vector spherical distance have a great consistence.The clustering results are most close to the pole isopycnic graph.It can efficiently realize grouping of structural plane and determination of the dominant structural surface direction.It is made up for the defects of subjectivity and inaccuracy in icon measurement approach and has great engineering value.

Extraction of locked-up coal by strengthening of rib pillars with FRP--A comparative study through numerical modelling

In some of the coalfields in India, coal seams are only developed but no extraction of pillars is possible due to the presence of surface or sub-surface structures and also non-availability of stowing materials which leads to huge amounts of coal being locked-up underground. Spontaneous heating and fire, accumulation of poisonous gases, severe stability issues leading to unsafe workings and environmental hazards are the major problems associated with the developed coal pillars. So, there is a pressing need for a technology for the mining industry to extract the huge amount of coal locked-up under different constraints. In this study, the locked-up coal is proposed to be extracted by artificially strengthening the rib pillars. The detailed comparative study is carried out to know the increase of extraction percentage of locked-up coal by strengthening the rib pillars with FRP. Extraction methodology is designed and studied through numerical modelling for its stability analysis to evaluate its suitability of application in underground.

An improved adaptive response surface method for structural reliability analysis

The response surface method(RSM) is one of the main approaches for analyzing reliability problems with implicit performance functions.An improved adaptive RSM based on uniform design(UD) and double weighted regression(DWR) was presented.In the proposed method,the basic principle of the iteratively adaptive response surface method is applied.Uniform design is used to sample the fitting points.And a double weighted regression system considering the distances from the fitting points to the limit state surface and to the estimated design points is set to determine the coefficients of the response surface model.Compared with the conventional approaches,the fitting points selected by UD are more representative,and a better approximation in the key region is also observed with DWR.Numerical examples show that the proposed method has good convergent capability and computational accuracy.

Analytical and numerical solutions for shear mechanical behaviors of structural plane

The original descriptive model of shear stress and shear displacement only reflects the stress deformation characteristics of plastic structural plane.The index model was revised and piecewise index model was built to describe the stress deformation characteristics of plastic structural plane and brittle structural plane.The relation of stress and strain to the failure mode of structural plane considering the effect of its shape was investigated,and a model which could reflect the relation between undulate angle and shear strength was built.The result indicates that structural plane presents nonlinear characteristics,specifically,the value of undulate angle,as well as corresponding shear strength,becomes larger as the normal stress decreases.

钢琴艺术中的“心理学”——论儿童钢琴教学中心智技能的培养

钢琴教学是一项十分专业的学问,它是完成心智技能和弹奏技能训练的复杂过程。对于儿童阶段的钢琴教学,教师尤其要在教学中了解学生的心理状态和心理过程,训练学生如何合理得安排、掌握好钢琴演奏中的心理顺序及方法,即最大限度的发挥出心智技能所带给演奏技术上的无限超越,从而达到“琴人合一”的理想境界。本人就这一问题阐述自己的看法。

Behavior of phenol adsorption on thermal modified activated carbon

Adsorption process is acknowledged as an effective option for phenolic wastewater treatment. In this work, the activated carbon （AC） samples after thermal modification were prepared by using muffle furnace. The phenol ad- sorption kinetics and equilibrium measurements were carried out under static conditions at temperature ranging from 25 to 55 ~C. The test results show that the thermal modification can enhance phenol adsorption on AC samples. The porous structure and surface chemistry analyses indicate that the decay in pore morphology and decrease of total oxygen-containing functional groups are found for the thermal modified AC samples. Thus, it can be further inferred that the decrease of total oxygen-containing functional groups on the modified AC sam- ples is the main reason for the enhanced phenol adsorption capacity. For both the raw sample and the optimum modified AC sample at 900 ~C, the pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir models are found to fit the exper- imental data very well. The maximum phenol adsorption capacity of the optimum modified AC sample can reach 144,93 mg.g ~ which is higher than that of the raw sample, i.e. 119.53 mg.g 1. Adsorption thermodynamics analysis confirms that the phenol adsorption on the optimum modified AC sample is an exothermic process and mainly via physical adsorption.

Effect of Vibro-lnsulation on Restriction of Vibration Transfer from Subsoil into the Building

The solution of vibration transfer from the subsoil to the structure is demonstrated using the example of a multi-storey reinforced concrete building, founded on a dual foundation plate. An anti-vibration layer of rubber has been designed between the two plates. Two 3D numerical models of the building take into account the individual storeys, firstly together with the lay-out of the rubber distribution in the foundation pan and secondly without this rubber part. For response analysis, the measured time histories in the construction area were selected and then the typical response was used as an input for a dynamic analysis of the structure.

Structural Mechanics Analysis Using an FE-Mesh Adaption to Real, 3D Surface Detected Geometry Data

Within today＇s product development process, various FE-simulations （finite element） for the functional validation of the desired characteristics are made to avoid expensive testing with real components. Those simulations are performed with great effort for discretization, use of simulations conditions, like taking different non-linearities （i.e., material behavior, etc.） into account, to create meaningful results. Despite knowing the effects of deformations occurring during the production processes, always the non-deformed design model of a CAD-system （computer aided design） is used for the FE-simulations. It seems rather doubtful that further refinement of simulation methods makes sense, if the real manufactured geometry of the component is not considered for in the simulation. For an efficient exploit of the potential of simulation methods, an approach has been developed which offers a geometry model for simulation based on the existing CAD-model but with integrated production deviations as soon as a first prototype is at hand by adapting the FE-mesh to the real, 3D surface detected geometry.

CO2 Capture by Adsorption on MCM-68 Solid Sorbent Materials

Solid sorbents adsorption is considered as one of the potential options for CO2 capture process. CO2 adsorption on MCM-68 （Si/AI ratio 22） sorbent material was investigated. MCM-68 was synthesized using N,N,N＇,N＇-tetraethylbicyclo [2.2.2] oct-7-ene-2,3：5,6-dipyrrolidinium diiodide （TEBOP^2＋（I^＋）2） as a structure-directing agent （SDA）. CO2 adsorption capacity on MCM-68 sorbent was measured at a broad temperature window i.e. 60 ℃, 300 ℃ and at 400 ℃. The presence of ordered mesoporous structure, high surface area （456 me/g） and high thermal stability （TGA analysis up to 900℃） in MCM-68 are thought to be to be advantageous for the CO2 adsorption in broad temperature window.

Analysis of structural hot-spot stress in orthotropic plates

On the basis of the actual steel deck structure of Taizhou Bridge, this paper carries out hot-spot stress analysis on some key spots by using the finite element model which simulates local structure of orthotropic steel bridge decks. A finite element model is established for local structure of orthotropic steel bridge decks, and in the analysis of linear elasticity of the structure, face load is employed to simulate the loads from vehicle wheels. Analysis results show that main stresses are relatively heavy at the joints between diaphragm plates, top plates and U-shaped ribs and the joints between diaphragm plates and U-shaped ribs. These joints shall be regarded as key points for hot-spot stress analysis. Different mesh densities are adopted in the finite element model and the main stresses at different hot spots are contrasted and linear extrapolation is carried out using extrapolation formulae. Results show that different mesh densities have different influences on the hot-spot stresses at the welded seams of U-shaped ribs. These influences shall be considered in calculation and analysis.