基于剪切行为结构面形貌特征的描述

描述岩石结构面形貌特征的一个重要作用就是为了能更好地理解结构面的剪切行为。首先,从结构面剪切具有方向性的特点出发,抓住在剪切方向上对剪切行为起关键作用的结构面形貌特征,提出描述结构面形貌特征的参数抗剪系数SC。该参数描述了在剪切方向上二维形貌的起伏特征、起伏的统计分布特征以及高度特征,并且还可以表征结构面形貌的方向性。同时,在对10条节理粗糙度系数JRC标准曲线的数字化基础上,建立了抗剪系数SC与JRC值之间的拟合关系。基于三维白光扫描技术得到的自然岩石结构面的点云数据,进一步将抗剪系数SC进行了三维化扩展,使其能够较好地描述结构面的三维形貌特征。最后,以某自然岩石结构面为算例,用三维抗剪系数SC3D度量其沿不同分析方向上的形貌特征,结果表明,抗剪系数能很好地表征结构面形貌特征的各向异性。

基于3D雕刻技术的岩体结构面剪切各向异性研究

相同形貌结构面重复性剪切试验和各向异性剪切试验一直是岩体结构面剪切力学特性试验研究中的难点,而该问题对于工程岩体的开挖力学响应和稳定性分析、评价与控制至关重要,问题的关键在于同一种岩石的结构面形貌的再现。为此,基于3D扫描和3D雕刻技术,重复制备了3种不同粗糙度的大理岩结构面试样,开展了不同法向应力下相同形貌结构面的各向异性剪切试验。试验结果发现:(1)同一法向应力、不同剪切方向下,相同形貌结构面的剪切强度、剪胀和剪切破坏特征均呈现明显各向异性;(2)结构面粗糙度各向异性很大程度上决定了剪切强度的各向异性,两者具有较好的正相关性;(3)随着法向应力的升高,结构面剪切特征的各向异性有逐渐弱化的趋势。同时,研究还充分表明,3D雕刻技术是系统开展结构面剪切力学特征各向异性研究的可靠手段,可在将来研究中发挥更为重要的作用。

Laser-assisted water jet machining of high quality micro-trap structures on stainless steel surfaces

Secondary electron emission(SEE)has emerged as a critical issue in next-generation accelerators.Mitigating SEE on metal surfaces is crucial for enhancing the stability and emittance of particle accelerators while extending their lifespan.This paper explores the application of laser-assisted water jet technology in constructing high-quality micro-trap structures on 316L stainless steel,a key material in accelerator manufacturing.The study systematically analyzes the impact of various parameters such as laser repetition frequency,pulse duration,average power,water jet pressure,repeat times,nozzle offset,focal position,offset distance between grooves,and processing speed on the surface morphology of stainless steel.The findings reveal that micro-groove depth increases with higher laser power but decreases with increasing water jet pressure and processing speed.Interestingly,repeat times have minimal effect on depth.On the other hand,micro-groove width increases with higher laser power and repeat times but decreases with processing speed.By optimizing these parameters,the researchers achieved high-quality pound sign-shaped trap structure with consistent dimensions.We tested the secondary electron emission coefficient of the"well"structure.The coefficient is reduced by 0.5 at most compared to before processing,effectively suppressing secondary electron emission.These results offer indispensable insights for the fabrication of micro-trap structures on material surfaces.Laser-assisted water jet technology demonstrates considerable potential in mitigating SEE on metal surfaces.

基于钻孔摄像技术的孔壁剖面线形貌特征描述方法及其应用研究

在岩体工程性质勘察过程中,获取精细岩体结构面性质对工程的合理设计、预防施工过程中的地质灾害有着重要意义。为了获取深部岩体结构面的形貌特征,针对在钻孔中观察到的环形结构面剖面线,开展基于数字钻孔摄像技术的孔壁剖面线形貌特征研究,提出一种孔壁剖面线形貌特征描述方法。该方法首先以钻孔的孔壁平面展开图为基础数据,采用数字图像处理技术从孔壁平面展开图中提取出结构面剖面线,分析孔壁上岩体结构面产状等基本信息;然后,通过计算并统计各个方向上剖面线的形貌特征参数,以其分布规律来描述结构面的形貌特征;最后,根据结构面形貌特征参数的分布规律,判断结构面的力学特性,形成粗糙度系数玫瑰图。结果表明该描述方法能够很好的表现出孔内结构面粗糙度的各向异性特征,解决了深部岩体结构面形貌特征难以获取的难题。

大理岩剪切裂隙渗流特性

针对高水头抽水蓄能电站、高坝枢纽工程和深埋隧洞工程的建设和运行中,由于高水压造成的突涌水及岩体失稳问题,以大理岩为例,研究了大理岩剪切裂隙渗流规律.试验结果表明:径向渗流试验中,渗流过程符合达西定律,水头压力与流量呈线性关系;裂隙面中局部张拉破坏的特征对渗流起到了阻碍作用;法向力对裂隙渗流的影响显著,在法向应力从14 MPa升至19 MPa过程中,渗流通道随法向力的增加出现了闭合现象,裂隙中形成了大面积死水区,渗流特性表现出突变.

Formation of Polyethersulfone Film with Regular Microporous Structure by Water Vapor Induced Phase Separation

Polyethersulfone(PES)film with regular microporous structure was formed using dichloromethane as the solvent via water vapor induced phase separation(VIPS).The effects of solution concentration,atmospheric humidity and temperature,as well as molecular weight of PES on the surface morphology of the polymer film were investigated.The surface morphology characterized by SEM showed that the pore size reduced as the solution concentration increased.There was an optimum range of relative humidity for the formation of regular pore structure, which was from 60%to 90%at concentration of 20 g·L-1 and 20°C.With the atmospheric temperature varied from 20 to 30°C,the pore became larger and the space between pores increased.The pore size in the PES film with low molecular weight was smaller than that with high molecular weight.

Crystalline Structure and Surface Morphology of Tin Oxide Films Grown by DC Reactive Sputtering

Tin oxide thin films were deposited by direct current （DC） reactive sputtering at gas pressures of 0.015 mbar - 0.15 mbar. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the prepared SnO2 films were introduced by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. These films showed preferred orientation in the （110） plane. Due to AFM micrographs, the grain size increased non-uniformly as the working gas pressure increased.

A versatile solution-phase, precursor route to surface-mazelike hierarchical structures

In this work, surface-mazelike Zn O, Cu, and Ni hierarchical structures were synthesized via a versatile ethylene glycol- mediated solvothermal method. The structure evolution of these materials bore striking similarities, including(1) initial formation of metal alkoxides precursors and(2) subsequent structural evolution of products from tiered plates to jigsaw puzzles; then to extrusion ridges, nests and spindles; and thereafter to final mazelike structures driven by persistent thermal decomposition of preformed precursors. Based on their unique surface morphologies in sinuous asymmetry, it is anticipated that such mazelike hierarchical structures may shed new light on the development of morphology-controlled adsorption and heterogeneous catalysts.