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“结果”的语法化历程及语用特点 被引量:7
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作者 周毕吉 《汉语学习》 CSSCI 北大核心 2008年第6期65-72,共8页
本文考察了"结果"的语法化历程,并在此基础上分析"结果"语法化的动因,主要有认知规律、语用规律、类推机制与重新分析。同时,"结果"应该是表示承接关系的连词,而不是因果关系连词,它的前一分句必须是一... 本文考察了"结果"的语法化历程,并在此基础上分析"结果"语法化的动因,主要有认知规律、语用规律、类推机制与重新分析。同时,"结果"应该是表示承接关系的连词,而不是因果关系连词,它的前一分句必须是一个表示动作行为的事件句。 展开更多
关键词 结果 语法化 连词
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西汉结果补语的发展 被引量:5
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作者 梁银峰 《古汉语研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2005年第1期34-40,共7页
西汉时期获得长足发展的使成格式"V1+V2+O"并非动补结构,而是连动结构。在非使成式结果补语中,一个引人注目的变化是"得"字结果补语的产生。
关键词 结果补语 连动结构 动补结构 使成式 格式 目的 西汉时期
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“结果呢”新探
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作者 周雅 《现代语文》 2019年第9期44-48,共5页
“结果呢”在结构上经历了从充当句法成分到成为八种配对成分之外的独立语。在语义上经历了从表达说话者的询问意图到疑问语气消失转而表达说话者的一种主观评述。句法与意义上的转变,成为区分新旧“结果呢”的关键因素。
关键词 结果呢” 语篇模式 语义环境 语用功能
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基于多任务学习的同行评审细粒度情感分析模型 被引量:1
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作者 朱金秋 檀健 +1 位作者 韩斌彬 殷秀秀 《中北大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2024年第1期105-113,共9页
学术论文同行评审能够直接反映审稿人对论文的主观评价,对审稿文本进行情感分析有利于挖掘审稿人对论文多维度的评价信息。现有的情感分析模型仅能挖掘专家单一的评审维度和相应的情感倾向,本文提出了一种基于多任务学习的同行评审细粒... 学术论文同行评审能够直接反映审稿人对论文的主观评价,对审稿文本进行情感分析有利于挖掘审稿人对论文多维度的评价信息。现有的情感分析模型仅能挖掘专家单一的评审维度和相应的情感倾向,本文提出了一种基于多任务学习的同行评审细粒度情感分析模型。该模型在多任务学习框架下,通过在BERT-LCF模型的基础上增加BiLSTM-CRF模块,使其具备了同时完成属性词抽取和细粒度情感分析任务的能力。与传统的基于Pipeline模式的单任务细粒度情感分析模型相比,本模型在保证精度的情况下可以同时完成评审属性提取和情感分析任务。在这两项任务中,所提出模型的F1分数分别达到了89.01%和90.71%。对比实验证明,在多任务场景下,引入BiLSTM-CRF模块对评审文本属性词提取任务有一定的提升作用。 展开更多
关键词 同行评审 多任务学习 属性词抽取 细粒度情感分析 BiLSTM-CRF
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Scoring and Consequential Validity Evidence of Computer-and Paper-Based Writing Tests in Times of Change
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作者 María GUAPACHA-CHAMORRO Orlando CHAVES-VARÓN 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 2024年第3期450-480,525,共32页
Little is known about how the assessment modality,i.e.,computer-based(CB)and paper-based(PB)tests,affects language teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences and,therefore,the validity and fairness of classroom wr... Little is known about how the assessment modality,i.e.,computer-based(CB)and paper-based(PB)tests,affects language teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences and,therefore,the validity and fairness of classroom writing assessments.The present mixed-methods study used Shaw and Weir’s(2007)sociocognitive writing test validation framework to examine the scoring and consequential validity evidence of CB and PB writing tests in EFL classroom assessment in higher education.Original handwritten and word-processed texts of 38 EFL university students were transcribed to their opposite format and assessed by three language lecturers(N=456 texts,152 per teacher)to examine the scoring validity of CB and PB tests.The teachers’perceptions of text quality and preferences for assessment modality accounted for the consequential validity evidence of both tests.Findings revealed that the assessment modality impacted teachers’scorings,perceptions,and preferences.The teachers awarded higher scores to original and transcribed handwritten texts,particularly text organization and language use.The teachers’perceptions of text quality differed from their ratings,and physical,psychological,and experiential characteristics influenced their preferences for assessment modality.The results have implications for the validity and fairness of CB and PB writing tests and teachers’assessment practices. 展开更多
关键词 scoring validity consequential validity CB and PB writing tests classroom assessment
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连词“结果”的语法化及其语义类型 被引量:15
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作者 姚双云 《古汉语研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2010年第2期61-66,共6页
本文考察了"结果"的语法化,重点探讨了它由名词向连词历时演变的过程,并揭示了其语法化的诱因。诱发"结果"由名词向连词语法化的因素有三:交际的语用因素、认知的心理因素、语言的内部因素。论文还分析了连词"... 本文考察了"结果"的语法化,重点探讨了它由名词向连词历时演变的过程,并揭示了其语法化的诱因。诱发"结果"由名词向连词语法化的因素有三:交际的语用因素、认知的心理因素、语言的内部因素。论文还分析了连词"结果"的语义类型,并讨论了其语法化相关的两个问题。 展开更多
关键词 结果 语法化 语义类型
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“结裹”与“结果”的源流及纠葛 被引量:4
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作者 杨琳 《语言研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2013年第1期108-115,共8页
"结裹"与"结果"原是两个互不相干的词,但因读音相同,典籍中常有混用,故其义项互相纠结,当今学者对其中一些义项来自哪里多有迷误,各词典也往往是非莫辨。今正本清源,厘清两词关系,同时对相关词汇加以系联贯通,这对... "结裹"与"结果"原是两个互不相干的词,但因读音相同,典籍中常有混用,故其义项互相纠结,当今学者对其中一些义项来自哪里多有迷误,各词典也往往是非莫辨。今正本清源,厘清两词关系,同时对相关词汇加以系联贯通,这对汉语词汇史、词典编纂及典籍解读不无裨益。 展开更多
关键词 结裹 结果 义源 词例
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Ultrastructure of Epidermis and Flesh of the Developing Apple Fruit 被引量:16
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作者 彭宜本 张大鹏 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2000年第8期794-802,共9页
The ultrastructure of the epidermis and flesh of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh cv. Red Fuji) fruit was systematically observed during the fruit development via transmission electron microscopy. The results showed t... The ultrastructure of the epidermis and flesh of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh cv. Red Fuji) fruit was systematically observed during the fruit development via transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that, in spite of the ultrastructural changes in many aspects of the developing fruit epidermal cells, it remained almost unchanged throughout the whole developmental process that the cytoplasm was filled with numerous endoplasmic reticula (ER). Most of these endoplasmic reticula were tube_like and rough_ER with enlarged cisterna from which many vesicles were produced. Some of the vesicles were shown to merge into vacuole. Some dynamic Golgi bodies were also found. All the ultrastructural characteristics showed that the epidermal cells have the features of excretory cells. The ultrastructure of the fruit flesh cells at the young fruit stage were shown to be metabolically active, characterized by the presence of numerous clustered plasmodesmata, cisterna enlarged_ and rough_ER filling the cytoplasm, plenty of vesicles and Golgi bodies, indicating their dynamic cellular transport function. Some giant_circular rough_ERs were found. All the ultrastructural features at this early developmental stage should be closely associated with the enlargement of the young fruit. At the rapid growing phase of the fruit the main changes were characterized by: the starch grain_filled amyloplasts, furcating of the single orifice of plasmodesmata, and the cytoplasm enrichment of both the Golgi body_formed vesicles and other vesicles. These features correspond well with those of a photoassimilate sink_cell. An ultrastructural degeneration phenomenon was observed at the fruit ripening stage, but the mitochondria and plasmalemma still remained intact, which might be related to the continuous development of fruit quality during the fruit ripening. 展开更多
关键词 APPLE FRUIT EPIDERMIS FLESH ULTRASTRUCTURE fruit development
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EVOLUTIONARY FUZZY GUIDANCE LAW WITH SELF-ADAPTIVE REGION 被引量:3
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作者 邹庆元 姜长生 吴柢 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2004年第3期234-240,共7页
Effective guidance is one of the most important tasks to the performance of air-to-air missile. The fuzzy logic controller is able to perform effectively even in situations where the information about the plant is ina... Effective guidance is one of the most important tasks to the performance of air-to-air missile. The fuzzy logic controller is able to perform effectively even in situations where the information about the plant is inaccurate and the operating conditions are uncertain. Based on the proportional navigation, the fuzzy logic and the genetic algorithm are combined to develop an evolutionary fuzzy navigation law with self-adapt region for the air-to-air missile guidance. The line of sight (LOS) rate and the closing speed between the missile and the target are inputs of the fuzzy controller. The output of the fuzzy controller is the commanded acceleration. Then a nonlinear function based on the conventional fuzzy logic control is imported to change the region. This nonlinear function can be changed with the input variables. So the dynamic change of the fuzzy variable region is achieved. The guidance law is optimized by the genetic algorithm. Simulation results of air-to-air missile attack using MATLAB show that the method needs less acceleration and shorter flying time, and its realization is simple.[KH*3/4D] 展开更多
关键词 guidance law fuzzy logic genetic algorithm self-adaptive region
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2D numerical study on the effect of conductor between the transmitter and survey area in CSEM exploration 被引量:1
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作者 王若 王妙月 +1 位作者 底青云 王光杰 《Applied Geophysics》 SCIE CSCD 2009年第4期311-318,393,共9页
In CSEM exploration, the receivers are generally located about three to five times the skin depth from the transmitter. In this paper, we study the effect of a conductor between the transmitter and the survey area on ... In CSEM exploration, the receivers are generally located about three to five times the skin depth from the transmitter. In this paper, we study the effect of a conductor between the transmitter and the survey area on the target conductor response using forward modeling and inversion. The 2D forward finite element calculations show that the conductor mainly affects the response at middle and low frequencies. The lower the resistivity and the larger the conductor, the larger the effect and the effect increases with decreasing frequency. The inversion results indicate that the calculated position of the target body can move towards the source, leading to an incorrect interpretation without considering the conductor. In order to reduce the effect of a conductor between the source and the survey area, CSEM acquisition should be conducted in three dimensions using multiple sources and 3D inversion should be used during interpretation. 展开更多
关键词 CSEM exploration 2D line source low resistivity body forward modeling INVERSION
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Cone and Ovule Development in Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) 被引量:4
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作者 张泉 邢树平 +1 位作者 胡玉熹 林金星 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2000年第6期564-569,共6页
Seed cone in Platycladus orientalis (L.) France consists of four or five pairs of decussate bracts. Usually, two pairs of the fertile bracts in the middle of the cone subtend six ovules, which initiate in an acropeta... Seed cone in Platycladus orientalis (L.) France consists of four or five pairs of decussate bracts. Usually, two pairs of the fertile bracts in the middle of the cone subtend six ovules, which initiate in an acropetal manner. Only one ovule presents on each of the upper fertile bract, while two ovules initiate from a common primordium in the axil of lower bracts. In Beijing, most female cones initiated in July. All parts of the cone formed before dormancy, which occurred during November to the next January. After pollination in March, bract morphology changed dramatically; intercalary growth of the bract base formed a conspicuous protuberance, in which inverted vascular system developed. Furthermore, ovules on different pairs of bracts initiated in an acropetal manner and two ovules in each lower fertile bract initiated from a common primordium, which was different from the basipetal initiation of ovules and independently formed single ovule as reported by Takaso in Calltris 展开更多
关键词 Platycladus orientalis ovule development seed cone development bract structure
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NEW CORNER DETECTION ALGORITHM BASED ON MULTI-FEATURE SYNTHESIS 被引量:3
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作者 邱卫国 昂海松 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2004年第3期174-178,共5页
Corner detection is a chief step in computer vision. A new corner detection algorithm in planar curves is proposed. Firstly, from the human perception, two key characteristics are given as an amendment of the traditio... Corner detection is a chief step in computer vision. A new corner detection algorithm in planar curves is proposed. Firstly, from the human perception, two key characteristics are given as an amendment of the traditional corner properties. Based on the two properties, the concept of the fuzzy set is introduced into a detection. Secondly, the extracted-formulae of three groups including the features of the corner subject degree are derived. Through synthesizing the features of three groups, the judgments of the corner detection, location, and optimization are obtained. Finally, by using the algorithm the detection results of several examples and feature curves for some interested parts, as well as the detection results for the test images history in references are given. Results show that the algorithm is easily realized after adopting the fuzzy set, and the detection effect is very ideal. 展开更多
关键词 image feature corner detection fuzzy infe-rence subject degree
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INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK 被引量:1
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作者 徐小增 李叶松 秦忆 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2004年第3期195-199,共5页
A fuzzy neural network controller with the teaching controller guidance and parameter regulations for vector-controlled induction motor is proposed. The design procedures of the fuzzy neural controller and the teachin... A fuzzy neural network controller with the teaching controller guidance and parameter regulations for vector-controlled induction motor is proposed. The design procedures of the fuzzy neural controller and the teaching controller are described. The parameters of the membership function are regulated by an on-line learning algorithm. The speed responses of the system under the condition, where the target functions are chosen as I qs and ω, are analyzed. The system responses with the variant of parameter moment of inertial J, viscous coefficients B and torque constant K tare also analyzed. Simulation results show that the control scheme and the controller have the advantages of rapid speed response and good robustness. 展开更多
关键词 induction motor fuzzy neural network vector control speed control system
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Synthesis Analysis of Soil Erosion for Three-River Headwater Region Based on GIS 被引量:11
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作者 陈琼 吴万贞 +3 位作者 周强 杨玉含 Wan-zhen Yu-han 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第5期155-158,共4页
In this paper,based on the common soil erosion model,the Three-River Headwaters region was select for study object. GIS methods are applied to conduct Semi-quantitative assessment for different types of soil erosion,a... In this paper,based on the common soil erosion model,the Three-River Headwaters region was select for study object. GIS methods are applied to conduct Semi-quantitative assessment for different types of soil erosion,and some results are concluded. The water erosion occurs in High Mountain and extra-high mountain of Yushu,Nangqian,Banma and Jiuzhi County in the southeast and south of the Three-River Headwaters region. The degree of erosion is prone to topography,precipitation,river and human activity. The freeze-thaw erosion mainly distributes in the northwest of the Three-River Headwaters region. The area of middle and above middle erosion degree accounts for roughly 50%. 展开更多
关键词 Three-River Headwaters region Soil erosion Comprehensive analysis
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Coupling Effect of Water and Phosphate on Economic Traits of Sugarcane 被引量:3
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作者 陆国盈 蒋明明 +4 位作者 韩世健 裴铁雄 汤雪莲 秦洪波 Guo-ying Ming-ming Shi-jian Tie-xiong Xue-lian Hong-bo 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第5期62-65,120,共5页
[Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water sup... [Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water supply quantity and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane were studied. Among them,water supply quantity had 3 levels,that was,the water supply quantity per 10 days from the early tillering stage of sugarcane to the end of elongation was 199.5 m3/hm2 (A1),400.5 m3/hm2 (A2) and 600.0 m3/hm2 (A3),respectively; Phosphorus fertilizer as basic fertilizer had 4 levels:P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (B1),120 kg/hm2 (B2),240 kg/hm2 (B3) and 360 kg/hm2 (B4). [Result] Treatment A3B2 in water-fertilizer coupling was more suitable to improve economic traits of sugarcane. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and phosphorus fertilizer in production of Guangxi sugarcane and the cultivation of high-yield and high-glucose sugarcane. 展开更多
关键词 Sugarcane Water Phosphorus fertilizer Water-phosphate coupling Economic traits
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Colchicine-induced Melilotus Research 被引量:2
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作者 曲善民 郑殿峰 +3 位作者 冯乃杰 杨智明 郑丹 王勇 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第5期134-137,共4页
[Objective] The aim was to identify the ploidy of sweet clover induced by colchicine. [Method] The sweet clover germinating seeds and colchicine solution were used for materials to research colchicine-induced Melilotu... [Objective] The aim was to identify the ploidy of sweet clover induced by colchicine. [Method] The sweet clover germinating seeds and colchicine solution were used for materials to research colchicine-induced Melilotus. [Result] The results showed that the concentration of 0.2% colchicine solution could induced double sweet clover which showed corresponding features of polyploidy plants as a whole showed great features. [Conclusion] Sweet clover induced by colchicine was polyploidy. 展开更多
关键词 Colchicine Polyploid Sweet clover
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Capsule Development Characters at Different Positions of Sesame(Sesamum indicum) 被引量:1
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作者 高桐梅 卫双玲 +2 位作者 李春明 李丰 梅鸿献 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第1期43-46,82,共5页
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the capsule development at differ-ent positions of sesame (Sesamum indicum). [Method] The number of flowers and capsules at lower part (below the 8th node from the bottom), ... [Objective] This study aimed to explore the capsule development at differ-ent positions of sesame (Sesamum indicum). [Method] The number of flowers and capsules at lower part (below the 8th node from the bottom), middle part (at 9th-20th nodes from the bottom) and upper part (above the 20th node) of sesame plants (Zhengzhi 98N09) was counted. The length, width, fresh weight of the capsules, fresh and dry weight of the seeds, and the dry weight of the capsule shel s at dif-ferent growth stages were measured. [Result] From the bottom to the top of sesame plants, the numbers of flowers and capsules at each node showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The 15th and the 12th node had the maxi-mum flower number (9.3 flowers per node on average) and the maximum capsule number (4.2 capsules per node on average), respectively. The middle nodes had the highest capsule setting rate, up to 45.1%, fol owed by that at upper nodes, 30.1%, and the capsule setting rate at lower nodes was the smal est, only 25.0%. The capsule length, width, fresh weight, seed fresh weight, dry weight and capsule shel dry weight at middle part were higher than that at lower and upper part. Moreover, grain fil ing rates of the lower, middle and upper capsules were 0.003 5, 0.004 4 and 0.003 0 g/(capsule·d). It suggests that the substances gave priority to supply the middle capsules during the development of capsules. [Conclusion] This study wil provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of high-yielding sesame. 展开更多
关键词 SESAME CAPSULE Flower and capsule number Development character-istics
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Cluster Analysis of Characteristics of Different Sweet Cherry Varieties
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作者 杨晓华 尹蓉 +6 位作者 庞传明 聂国伟 张倩茹 李凯 茹慧玲 籍艺文 段泽敏 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第11期2441-2445,共5页
In order to compare the characteristics of different varieties of sweet cherry and to formulate corresponding pruning scheme, hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted for the 14 sweet cherry varieties that were mai... In order to compare the characteristics of different varieties of sweet cherry and to formulate corresponding pruning scheme, hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted for the 14 sweet cherry varieties that were mainly planted in Shanxi Province. The results showed that the 14 varieties of sweet cherry could be divided into two types, Hongmanao and Rainier. Fruit setting rate, branching rate, medium fruit shoot proportion, spur proportion and yield per plant were significantly different between these two types of sweet cherry. The key points of pruning management, to improve the yield of Rainier type, were to increase the fruit setting rate and spur proportion, and to control properly the long and medium fruit shoot proportion. 展开更多
关键词 Sweet cherry Fruit-bearing branch group Cluster analysis YIELD
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Structure Parameters and Physiological Indices Research of High-quality and High-yield Apple Orchards 被引量:1
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作者 薛晓敏 王翠玲 +2 位作者 王金政 孟海凤 聂佩显 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第11期1953-1956,1959,共5页
In order to research environment parameters and physiological indices of high-quality and high-yield apple trees, two orchards with young and mature apples trees were investigated to explore structural parameter of ap... In order to research environment parameters and physiological indices of high-quality and high-yield apple trees, two orchards with young and mature apples trees were investigated to explore structural parameter of apple tree and community, and some physiological indices in fields and by room measurements. The results showed that tree height of high-quality orchard was in the range of 260 to 290 cm, branch angle in 70°-75°, and orchard coverage rate in 75%-94%, and the connec-tion rates between rows and trees were lower. Furthermore, the total branches of mature orchard reached 1.04 ×106 per hm2, while the young orchard was 8.79 ×105 per hm2; the leaves were thick and chlorophyl content was high, with SPAD value at 58.22. Additional y, the photosynthesis of the orchard was strong, and net photo-synthetic rate was 17.48-21.8 μmolCO2/(m2·s). The proportions of lateral shoot of bearing part were 81% and 75% respectively. 展开更多
关键词 High-quality and high-yield Apple orchard Structure parameters Physio-logical index
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Analysis on Fuji Apple Tree Structures and Related Factors under Different Pruning Modes 被引量:1
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作者 郝婕 索相敏 +4 位作者 李学营 魏亮 王献革 鄢新民 冯建忠 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2017年第12期2528-2531,2535,共5页
To determine the correlations between the tree structuresof Fuji apple with different pruning modes and each factor, the data about 3 tree structures which were free spindle short shoot, free spindle long shoot and sl... To determine the correlations between the tree structuresof Fuji apple with different pruning modes and each factor, the data about 3 tree structures which were free spindle short shoot, free spindle long shoot and slenderspindle short shoot in Xingtang County of Hebai Province were investigated, then by SPSS anal- ysis, the correlations between the taperingness and each growth factor of inserted small branch were compared. The results showed that the taperingness of central trunk of free spindle dwarf-shoot Fuji apple treeshad negative correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, while the taperingness of central trunk of free spin- dle long-shoot Fuji apple treeshad positive correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, the taperingness of central trunk of slenderspindle short-shootFuji ap- ple treeshad negative correlation with total thickness of inserted small branch, but had positive correlations with other factors. This study can provide a scientifictheo- retical basis for the pruning technology of high-density planting trees grafting by dwarfing self-rooted rootstock. 展开更多
关键词 PRUNING Fuji apple Tree structures Analysis of related factors
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