动作自主性与结果性质对不同预测性条件下施动感的影响

采用时间估计法考察动作自主性水平、动作结果性质(利己、利他、中性)以及结果是否可预测对施动感的影响。结果发现,高自主性的自由选择条件比低自主性的服从条件增强了个体的施动感,且不受动作结果性质与结果是否可预测的影响;在低自主性的服从条件下,当结果可预测时利己结果比利他结果的施动感更强,而在结果不可预测时利己和利他结果的施动感没有区别,但均弱于中性结果。这揭示出动作的主观意愿在施动感产生过程中的重要作用,同时在自主性较低的服从条件下,对利己或利他道德属性的动作结果能否被预测,对个体的施动感产生了不同的影响。研究结果说明具有利己或利他道德属性的动作对施动感会产生自上而下的调节作用,且这种调节作用在低自主条件下较为突显。

Examining advanced nursing practice in Hong Kong and Guangzhou

Objective:There were studies evaluating advanced nursing practice independently in the mainland and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,but there was no attempt to make a comparison of practice between them.This study employed a case study method to examine and compare advanced nursing practice in Hong Kong and Guangzhou.Method:Purposive sampling method was used to recruit 24 advanced practice nurses(APN)who came from the specialty of medical,surgical and pediatric in Hong Kong and Guangzhou.A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview were conducted to solicit quantitative and qualitative data for exploring the structure-process-outcome of advanced nursing practice.The structure component explored the factors influencing advanced nursing practice.The process part examined APN role components and illustrations of exemplary advanced nursing practice.The outcomes described outcome indicators that best reflected advanced nursing practice.Findings:Findings revealed that in the structure domain,APN education and career development,team approach in healthcare,and support from management,physicians and professional associations were important contextual factors for APN development in both cities.For the process domain,participants had at least 80%of their time practicing independently/interdependently and were engaged in APN activities including direct/indirect patient care,research/project work,initiation of staff and patient protocols.All participants demonstrated competencies with impacts on patient,service and profession in their description of exemplary practice.Participants from both cities ranked patient-related outcomes as top indicators for their advanced nursing practice.Conclusion:This study has revealed that APNs in Guangzhou and Hong Kong shared similar work involvement and impacts and their demonstrated competencies were on par with international counterparts.Continued efforts need to be put in establishing formal APN education,clear clinical career pathway and title protection to empower nurses to provide optimal care to the fullest extent that they are prepared for.

Elasticity under pressure and thermal property of Mg2La from first-principles calculations

The elastic properties, thermodynamic and electronic structures of Mg_2La were investigated by using first-principles. The calculated results show that pressure affects the elastic constants of C_(11) more than that of C_(12) and C_(44). Specifically, higher pressure leads to greater bulk modulus(B), shear modulus(G), and elastic modulus(E). We predict B/G and anisotropy factor A based on the calculated elastic constants. The Debye temperature also increases with increasing pressure. Based on the quasi-harmonic Debye model, we examined the thermodynamic properties. These properties include the normalized volume(V/V_0), bulk modulus(B), heat capacity(C_v), thermal expansion coefficient(α), and Debye temperature(■). Finally, the electronic structures associated with the density of states(DOS) and Mulliken population are analyzed.

Mechanistic study on the cellulose dissolution in ionic liquids by density functional theory

Ionic liquids （ILs） have attracted many attentions in the dissolution of cellulose due to their unique physicochemical properties as green solvents. However, the mechanism of dissolution is still under debate. In this work, computational investigation for the mechanisms of dissolution of cellulose in [Bmim]Cl, [Emim]C1 and [Emim]OAc ILs was performed, and it was focused on the process of breakage of cellulose chain and ring opening using cellobiose as a model molecule. The detailed mechanism and reaction energy barriers were computed for various possible pathways by density functional theoretical method. The key finding was that 1Ls catalyze the dissolution process by synergistic effect of anion and cation, which led to the cleavage of cellulose chain and formation of derivatives of cellulose. The investigation on ring opening process ofcellobiose suggested that carbene formed in ILs played an important role in the side reaction of cellulose, and it facilitated the formation of a covalent bond between cellulose and imidazolium core. These computation results may provide new perspective to understand and apply ILs for pretreatment of cellulose.

Helical CT findings and clinicopathologic features in malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the correlation between radiologic appearance and malignant potential

Objective： In this pictorial essay, we described the clinical, pathologic, and computed tomographic （CT） findings of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors （MGISTs） and attempt to establish the correlation between radiologic appearance and malignant potential. Methods： This retrospective analysis included 20 patients receiving treatment for MGIST between 2008 and 2010. The diagnosis was established by pathology and immunohistochemistry. All these patients underwent pre- operative CT. Clinical presentation, pathology and CT images were analyzed. Helical CT images were reviewed for morpho- logic features such as tumor size, number and location, tumor margins, necrosis, degree of enhancement and metastasis. Results： Gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain and discomfort, and without clinical symptom were common findings and were observed in 9 （45%）, 6 （30%）, and 5 （25%） of the 20 patients. 8 （40%） tumors were located in stomach, and 10 （50%）, 1 （5%） and 1 （5%） were located in small intestine, mesentery and peritoneum, respectively. Male to female ratio was about 1：2. The size of MGIST ranged from 2.6 cm to 17.5 cm with a mean of 8.7 cm. All tumors density was inhomogeneous and heterogeneous enhancement. MGISTs with highly malignant located in small intestine were about 30% higher than stomach. The ＂satellite＂ turnouts were found in 6 cases with high malignant risk. 7 cases were suffered from liver metastasis, and 4 cases went with seeding into the abdominal cavity, 1 cases went with lymph node metastasis. Histologically, 19 cases （95%） were of spindle cell type. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated a strong positivity for both c-kit （CDl17） and CD34s enhancement in 19 （95%）. Conclusion： Clinical expression is varied in MGIST patients. Female might be predominance in MGIST. The GISTs located in small intestine would tend to be more aggressive. The satellite tumours, necrosis and cystic degeneration were strongly benefit for MGIST diagnosis. Furthermore, intestinal obstruction doesn＇t support the diagnosis. Lymph node metastasis and calcification is rare.

Magnetic Signature of the Kusi Mineral Prospect, Papua New Guinea

A ground magnetic survey was conducted on the Kusi mineral prospect, Papua New Guinea, to provide insights into the magnetic properties of the mineralisation and help define drill targets for an exploration programme. The results of the survey suggest three distinct magnetic zones： （1） a magnetic high zone covering the northern portion of the survey area; （2） a northeast-southwest trending magnetic low zone occupying the southern portion and （3） a possible buried intrusive body separating the magnetic high from the low magnetic zone. The results of the survey suggest that drilling is concentrated on the zone of low magnetic response, and the periphery of the interpreted intrusion is adjacent to the contact to the limestone defining the mineralisation style of the two zones. A further ground magnetic survey is required to determine the western limits of the low magnetic zone.

Research progress on cyclodextrins and their derivatives in the synthesis of conducting polymers

Cyclodextrins have gained wide attentions for their unique physicochemicai properties. In recent years, conducting polymers with special micro-structure and properties are synthesized in the presence of cyclodextrins. In this article, the application of cyclodextrins in the synthesis process of conducting polymer metarials is discussed. And authors＇ study results are summarized.

Thermodynamic properties of San Carlos olivine at high temperature and high pressure

In this study, the thermal expansion and heat capacity of San Carlos olivine under high temperature and high pressure are reported. Combining accurate sound velocity data under different P–T conditions with density and heat capacity data at ambient pressure, the density,adiabatic bulk modulus, shear modulus, and most importantly, thermal expansion and heat capacity, of San Carlos are extracted to 14 GPa by a numerical procedure using classic thermodynamic relationships. These data are in agreement with published findings. To estimate the temperature gradient in the upper mantle, we also report the fitting equations of thermal expansion and heat capacity of San Carlos olivine as a function of both temperature and pressure to the P–T condition of the 410 km discontinuity,which provide the thermodynamic properties with increasing depth in the Earth's interior.

“矛盾性转折”和“非矛盾性转折”—关于「ノダガ」和「ガ」逆接用法的差异比较

「ノダ」被认为是日语较为独特的表达形式之一,而与之相关的「ノダガ」和「ガ」之间的差异更是不易分辨。本文以「ノダガ」和「ガ」的逆接用法为例,指出两者重要的区别之一在于"说话人对‘转折’中的‘矛盾性’和‘非矛盾性’两种不同的认识和把握方式",并从多个层面对此观点进行考证。与此同时,对「ノダガ」和「ガ」逆接用法中"矛盾性"和"非矛盾性"产生或形成的机制一并进行探讨。

Point defects in L1_0 FePt studied by molecular dynamics simulations based on an analytic bond-order potential

The point defects and their related physical properties in L10 FePt are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations based on an analytic bond-order potential. The calculated results agree well with the experimental value, indicating that the analytic bond-order potential is suitable to describe the structural properties and surface energies of the FePt alloy in the L10 phase. However, the calculated vacancy formation energy of an Fe atom is higher than that of a Pt atom, which disagrees with some other previously calculated results. This result indicates that the analytic bond-order potential is unable to describe the related point defect properties. The analytic bond-order potential needs to be modified in order to study these defect properties of an FePt alloy.

Influence of Cl substitution on the electronic structure and catalytic activity of ceria

Cl-containing cerium dioxide(Ce O2) catalysts have been found to exhibit unique catalytic activities. In the present work, using density functional theory calculations with the inclusion of on-site Coulomb correction, we systematically studied the effect of Cl on the physicochemical properties of Ce O2 surfaces by substituting one subsurface O with Cl. The calculated results show that substituting an O atom with a Cl atom results in structural distortion and the reduction of one surface Ce4+ cation to Ce3+. The protruding Ce3+ cation greatly improves the adsorption energy of O2 to produce an active O2- species, and maintains the catalytic oxidation cycle of CO on Ce O2(110). These results may help us obtain a better understanding of Cl-ceria interacting systems and provide some guidance for the design of effective Ce O2-based catalysts.

High mixing effectiveness lobed nozzles and mixing mechanisms

For a circular lobed nozzle with the exit plane displaced from the center body,adding a central plug at exit or replacing the nozzle with an alternating-lobe nozzle can improve the mixing effectiveness.In this study,numerical investigations of jet mixing in the lobed nozzles with a central plug and alternating-lobe nozzles in pumping operation were conducted.The effects of the central plugs with the wake ranging from attached to separated flow on the mixing were analyzed,along with the mechanism of improving the mixing performance in a"sword"alternating-lobe nozzle.The simulation results reveal that the large-scale mixing rate,which is dominated by streamwise vortices,is related to the intensity of the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.The effects of the streamwise vortices on the normal vortex ring are virtually a manifestation of the heat and mass transfer/mixing process of the streamwise vortices.The simulation results also show that the central plug with the attached rear-flow performs better in improving the mixing effectiveness and pumping performance;on the contrary,if the rear-flow is separated,more pressure loss will be induced.In particular,a completely separated flow over the rear of the central plug will severely degrade the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.For the sword alternating-lobe nozzle,wider sword deep troughs help to increase the flux of the secondary stream around the core region and delay the confluence of the primary stream in the region between the deep and shallow troughs.Thus,the mixing is improved in the middle and posterior segments.Compared to the lobed nozzle with a central plug,the improved sword alternating-lobe nozzle can achieve a higher mixing effectiveness with much less pressure loss,which is preferred in situations when the power loss of the engine is restricted.

Ground State Properties of Ds Isotopes Within the Relativistic Mean Field Theory

The ground state properties of Ds(Z=110) isotopes(N=151-195) are studied in the framework of the relativistic mean field(RMF) theory with the effective interaction NL-Z2.The pairing correlation is treated within the conventional BCS approximation.The calculated binding energies are consistent with the results from finite-range droplet model(FRDM) and Macroscopic-microscopic method(MMM).The quadrupole deformation,α-decay energy,α-decay half-live,charge radius,two-neutron separation energy and single-particle spectra are analyzed for Ds isotopes to find new characteristics of superheavy nuclei(SHN).Among the calculated results it is rather distinct that the isotopic shift appears evidently at neutron number N=184.