切忌群鹰追一兔

切忌群鹰追一免郑文言群鹰追一兔，历来为猎人打猎之大忌，今日应为企业经营决策所铭记。不然，纵有兔在窝里．最终必然也是有猎人会吃不到兔肉的。然而，这些年来，在我国经营决策者中，有不少人却不以猎人之戒律为明训。只要市场上的某个产品吃香走俏，一时有销路，能赚...

Genetic Structure of Malus sieversii Population from Xinjiang,China,Revealed by SSR Markers

One hundred and nine Malus sieversii accessions from four geographical populations located at Kuerdening in Mohe town, Gongliu County, Jiaowutuohai, in Xinyuan County, Daxigou in Houcheng County of Ily State, and Baerluke Mountain in Yumin County of Tacheng State, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China were studied by SSR markers. The purpose of the study was to determine the genetic structure and diversity in these eco-geographical populations with eight pair SSR primers of apple. The results indicated that： an average of 16 bands was detected in the four populations. The percentage of polymorphic bands in Gongliu population （89.06%） was the highest in the four populations. The average Nei＇s gene diversity index was 0.257 for all the loci. Totally, 128 polymorphic loci were detected and the percentage of polymorphic loci （P） was 100%, 88.28%, 84.83%, 87.50%, and 87.12%, respectively, at the species level and Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin population levels. The Nei＇s gene diversity index （H = 0.2619） and Shannon＇s information index （1 = 0.4082） in the species level were higher than in the population level. The Nei＇s gene diversity index and Shannon＇s information index in the four populations were Gongliu 〉 Huocheng 〉 Xinyuan 〉 Yumin. Gongliu population and Xinyuan population were the highest in genetic identity and the closest in genetic distance. Gene flow between the populations was 7.265 based on genetic differentiation coefficient （GST = 0.064）. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the genetic relationships between the Gongliu and Xinyuan population were the closest, and the Yumin population were the farthest with the other three populations. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the four geographical populations located in Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin were relatively independent populations. Concurrently, there was also mild gene exchange between the populations. On the basis of the study of population genetic structure and the highest genetic diversity, Gongliu population should be given a high priority consideration in Malus sieversii population＇s in situ germplasm conservation.

一种定量评估化学物质致癌性的新方法——比值评估法

作者提出一种在诱变试验中定量评估化学物质致癌性的新方法——比值评估法。该法应用有关概率公式,结合各试验的灵敏度和特异度,用比值简化运算,求得化学物在结果群条件下为致癌物的概率,此方法的优点在于只需了解P(C^+)的范围,而不必先确定其确切值,并且只作较简便的运算,就能得到P(C^+/M)的估计值及误差。此法在毒理测试结果评价中有一定实用价值。

Effective search with saliency-based matching and cluster-based browsing

Similarity matching and this paper, a saliency-based information presentation are two matching algorithm is proposed key factors in information retrieval. In for user-oriented search based on the psychological studies on human perception, and major emphasis on the saliently similar aspect of objects to be compared is placed and thus the search result is more agreeable for users. After relevant results are obtained, the cluster-based browsing algorithm is adopted for search result presentation based on social network analysis. By organizing the results in clustered lists, the user can have a general understanding of the whole collection by viewing only a small part of results and locate those of major interest rapidly. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over the traditional work.

Total Occlusion of Anterior Descending Artery （AD） without ST-Segment Elevation： DE Winter Pattern

The recognition of the presence of ST-segment elevation in the context of ACS （acute coronary syndrome） is fundamental for the good outcome of the case. However, some electrocardiographic patterns have been highlighted by the fact that there is no elevation, but they represent a severity similar to ACS with ST elevation. Hence, it is necessary that doctors who do the first service recognize these standards promptly.The electrocardiographic pattern of association between the ST-segment depression and the hyperacute T waves representing myocardial infarction in the anterior wall, localizing more specifically in the anterior descending artery, now known as the De Winter pattern, was first described by Dressler, and then described by Winter six years later. Winter observed that, out of a series of 1,452 cases, 2% of patients with anterior wall infarction had the pattern of ST-segment depression, positive and symmetrical T waves, and occasionally mild ST-segment elevation at AVR derivation. Those patients are admitted to the emergency room with a typical chest pain. However, because the electrocardiographic findings of this syndrome are not known to many health professionals, in many cases the patients do not receive adequate care and have fatal outcome, since mortality is relevant in these cases. Thus, the rapid recognition of this pattern is extremely necessary for the correct and effective intervention.

Determination of the Geographical Origin of Fruits by Using 26S rDNA Fingerprinting of Yeast Communities by PCR-DGGE： An Application to Shea Tree Fruits

International trade intensifies the process of globalization which has extended to the entire planet and extends to the entire planet. In view of the difficulties of installing these documentary systems in developing countries, in particularly the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the new strategies of traceability emerge. Among the new tools of tracing the products of vegetable origin, a ＂biological code bar＂ based on the analysis of the DNA of micro-organisms present on the fruits is an interesting tool. A molecular technique employing 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE was used to detect the variation in yeast community structures of Shea tree fruits （Vitellaria paradoxa） from Senegal, Ghana and Mali. When the 26S rDNA profiles were analyzed by image analysis and multivariate analysis, distinct microbial communities were detected on Shea tree fruits. The band profiles of yeasts from different countries were specific for each location and could be used as a bar code to discriminate the origin of the fruits. This method is a new traceability tool which provides fruit products with an unique biological bar code and makes it possible to trace back the fruits to their original location.

Stabilization of Alliinase from Garlic by Osmolytes and the Mannose-Specific Lectin ASAI

Objectives： Alliinase is a pyridoxal-5＇-phosphate （PLP）-dependent enzyme responsible for the production of diallyl thiosulfinate （allicin）, the biologically active component of garlic, from alliin. The use of allicin for treatment of various diseases has been proposed but it is very unstable in the blood stream. This difficulty can be overcome by administration of alliin, together with a conjugate of alliinase directed towards the target cells. This, in turn requires a stable and active form of the enzyme. In this study we evaluate the stability of alliinase itself, in the presence mad absence of osmolytes, as well as that of its catalytically active complex with a mannose-specific lectin, ASAI （Allium sativum agglutinin I）, also presents in garlic. Methods： Alliinase, mad ASAI were both purified from garlic cloves. Thermal stability of alliinase itself, mad of its complexes with PLP and ASAI, in the presence mad absence of osmolytes, was analyzed by monitoring enzymic activity, and using DSC （differential scanning calorimetry）. Key findings： PLP exerts only a minor influence on alliinase structure and stablity. But both osmolytes and ASAI stabilize the enzyme considerably. Conclusions： The principle finding is that ASAI greatly stabilizes alliinase. Thus, the lectin-enzyme complex, which can be lyophilized and stored until used, provides an effective formulation of alliinase for generation of allicin from alliin in vivo.

SUMO-1 modification of FEN1 facilitates its interaction with Rad9-Radl-Husl to counteract DNA replication stress

Human flap endonuclease 1 （FEN1） is a structure-specific, multi-functional endonuclease essential for DNA replication and repair. We and others have shown that during DNA replication, FEN1 processes Okazaki fragments via its interaction with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）. Alternatively, in response to DNA damage, FEN1 interacts with the PCNA-like Radg-Radl-Husl complex instead of PCNA to engage in DNA repair activities, such as homology-directed repair of stalled DNA replication forks. However, it is unclear how FEN1 is able to switch between these interactions and its roles in DNA replication and DNA repair. Here, we report that FEN1 undergoes SUMOylation by SUMO-1 in response to DNA replication fork-staUing agents, such as UV irradiation, hydroxyurea, and mitomycin C. This DNA damage-induced SUMO-1 modification promotes the interaction of FEN1 with the Radg-Rad1-Husl complex. Furthermore, we found that FEN1 mutations that prevent its SUMO-1 modification also impair its ability to interact with HUS1 and to rescue stalled replication forks. These impairments lead to the accumulation of DNA damage and heightened sensitivity to fork-staUing agents. Altogether, our findings suggest an important role of the SUMO-1 modification of FEN1 in regulating its roles in DNA replication and repair.

Differential efficiency of a begomovirus to cross the midgut of different species of whiteflies results in variation of virus transmission by the vectors

Begomoviruses are important crop viral disease agents, and they are transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex.Although the transmission of begomoviruses by whiteflies has been studied for many years, the mechanisms governing differential transmission of begomoviruses by different species of the Bemisia tabaci complex remain largely unknown. Here we firstly compared the transmission efficiency of tobacco curly shoot virus(TbCSV) by four species of the B. tabaci complex and found that Asia II 1 transmitted this virus with the highest efficiency, whereas MEAM1 transmitted it with the lowest. Next, by performing quantitative analysis of virus and immune-fluorescence detection, we found that the efficiency of TbCSV to cross the midgut wall was higher in Asia II 1 than in MEAM1. Finally, we set the quantities of virions in the haemolymph to the same level in Asia II 1 and MEAM1 via injection and then compared their capacity in TbCSV transmission, and found that the difference in TbCSV transmission between them became smaller. Taken together, our findings suggest that the efficiency of a begomovirus to cross the midgut wall of a whitefly to reach the vector's haemolymph plays a significant role in determining transmission of the virus.

HearNPV Pseudotyped with PIF1,2,and 3 from MabrNPV：Infectivity and Complex Stability

Effective oral infection is set off by interaction of a group of conserved per os infectivity factors(PIFs) with larval midgut columnar epithelial cells. We constructed pseudotyped viruses by substituting pif1, pif2 or pif3 genes of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus(Hear NPV) with their homologs from Mamestra bracissae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and tested their infectivity to tissue culture cells and to larvae. Transfection and infection assays revealed that all recombinant viruses generated infectious budded virus in both cell culture and in larvae. Electron microscopy showed synthesized occlusion body and occlusion derived virus(ODV) were morphologically indistinguishable from those of the parental virus. By contrast, feeding assays revealed that pseudotyped viruses could not rescue oral infectivity except for pif3 pseudotyped virus that only partially rescued oral infectivity but at a mortality rate much lower than that of the parental Hear NPV. Consistent with the bioassay result, PIF complex was detected in ODVs of pif3 pseudotyped virus only but not in pif1 or pif2 pseudotyped viruses. Our results suggest that PIF complex is essential for oral infectivity, and in the formation of the PIF complex, PIF1, 2 are virus-specific while PIF3 does not appear to be as specific and can function in heterologous environment, albeit to a much more limited extent.

GaZn-VZn acceptor complex defect in Ga-doped ZnO

Gallium （Ga）-doped ZnO is regarded as a promising plasmonic material with a wide range of applications in plasmonics. In this study, zinc self-diffusion experiments are adopted to disclose the nature of the dominant compensating defect in Ga-doped ZnO isotopic heterostructures. The （GaZn-VZ.）- complex defect, instead of the isolated VZn^2-, is identified as the predominant compensating acceptor center responsible for the low donor doping efficiency. The comparative diffusion experiments operated by the secondary ion mass spectrometry reveal a -0.78 eV binding energy of this complex defect, which well matches the electrical activation energy derived from the temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements （-（0.82±0.02） eV）. These findings contribute to an essential understanding of the （GaZn-VZn）- complex defect and the potential engineering routes of heavily Ga-doped ZnO.