目的:通过比较不同模型建立方法,筛选制备高效、可靠的胆囊胆固醇结石动物模型。方法:将36只5周龄SPF级雄性ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、2%高脂组、1%胆固醇组,每组各12只。对照组采用普通颗粒饲料喂养,2%高脂组采用2%高脂饲料喂养,1%胆固...目的:通过比较不同模型建立方法,筛选制备高效、可靠的胆囊胆固醇结石动物模型。方法:将36只5周龄SPF级雄性ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、2%高脂组、1%胆固醇组,每组各12只。对照组采用普通颗粒饲料喂养,2%高脂组采用2%高脂饲料喂养,1%胆固醇组采用1%胆固醇饲料喂养。喂养16周,记录各组小鼠的死亡数量,计算存活率;观察并记录各组造模成功的小鼠数量及胆囊体积大小、胆汁的浑浊度、透光性等,计算小鼠成石率;ELISA法检测胆囊胆汁总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、总胆汁酸(total bile acids,TBA)、磷脂(phospholipid,PL)及胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)的含量;HE染色观察小鼠胆囊、肝脏病理学变化。结果:对照组小鼠无死亡,胆囊大小正常,胆囊壁结构正常,胆汁澄清透亮,透光性好,胆囊内无沉淀;肝脏细胞排列整齐,结构完整。2%高脂组小鼠死亡1只,胆囊壁肌层变厚,浆膜结构及形态破坏,胆汁呈浑浊状态,透光性差,成石率为66.67%;肝脏细胞结构破坏严重,可见大量脂质空泡,肝脏存在明显的脂肪变性。1%胆固醇组小鼠死亡1只,胆囊体积明显增大,胆囊壁肌层毛糙、增厚,浆膜结构及形态破坏严重,胆汁呈褐色浑浊状态,透光性差,成石率约为83.33%;肝细胞排列紊乱,细胞结构破坏,肝脏出现小的脂质空泡。与对照组比较,2%高脂组和1%胆固醇组胆汁内TC含量升高,胆汁TBA、PL、CCK含量降低;与2%高脂组比较,1%胆固醇组胆汁TC、CCK含量降低,胆汁内TB、PL含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:1%胆固醇饲料喂养建立胆囊胆固醇结石动物模型效果最好,可作为胆囊胆固醇结石相关研究的备选模型。展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the shortand long-term outcomes of bilateral liver resection for bilateral intrahepatic stones. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 101 consecutive patients with bilateral intrahepatic stones who und...AIM: To evaluate the shortand long-term outcomes of bilateral liver resection for bilateral intrahepatic stones. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 101 consecutive patients with bilateral intrahepatic stones who underwent bilateral liver resection in the past 10 years. The shortand long-term outcomes of the patients were analyzed. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the risk factors related to stone recurrence. RESULTS: There was no surgical mortality in this group of patients. The surgical morbidity was 28.7%. Stone clearance rate after hepatectomy was 84.2% and final clearance rate was 95.0% following postoperative choledochoscopic lithotripsy. The stone recurrence rate was 7.9% and the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis was 6.5% in a median follow-up period of 54 mo. The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that liver resection range, less than the range of stone distribution (P = 0.015, OR = 2.152) was an independent risk factor linked to stone recurrence. CONCLUSION: Bilateral liver resection is safe and its shortand long-term outcomes are satisfactory for bilateral intrahepatic stones.展开更多
Seismic attributes, such as P- and S-wave velocity, Poisson＇s ratio, and acoustic impedances, all generally can be used for distinguishing different rock types. The nonuniqueness can be largely reduced using Lame imp...Seismic attributes, such as P- and S-wave velocity, Poisson＇s ratio, and acoustic impedances, all generally can be used for distinguishing different rock types. The nonuniqueness can be largely reduced using Lame impedances instead of acoustic impedances as additional constraints. We have followed this method to constitute a petrologic composition model of the upper crust in the Bohai Bay basin, China. We briefly review the seismic parameters used for discrimination of rock types and focus our attention on the sensitivity of different combinations of parameters to determine the composition of materials. Corrections for pressure and temperature are performed in order to compare elastic wave velocities and densities measured at room temperature and surface pressure in laboratory with those for representative rock parameters. In a second step, we find the rock classes in the tested area by contrasting known data to laboratory measurements on a variety of rock samples extracted in the area. The basic field data are P-wave velocity values collected along a seismic profile conducted in the Bozhong Depression. The different rock types belonging to a particular rock class are finally constrained by the seismic velocities, Poisson＇s ratio, density, acoustic impedance, and Lame imoedance related to the topmost 10 km of the Bohai Bav crust.展开更多
In recent years,the Yanchang shale-oil formations of the Ordos Basin are rich in reserves with complex lithology and structure characteristics,low porosity and low permeability,and weak anomalies for oil and water dis...In recent years,the Yanchang shale-oil formations of the Ordos Basin are rich in reserves with complex lithology and structure characteristics,low porosity and low permeability,and weak anomalies for oil and water discriminations,have been the key targets of unconventional oil/gas resource exploration and development in the relevant areas.The joint acoustic-electrical(AE)properties can be used to interpret reservoir lithology,mineralogy,pore structure,and fluid saturation.To conduct tests of thin section analysis,X-ray diff raction,and ultrasonic and electrical experiments at diff erent pressures and saturation degrees,cores from the shale-oil formations in the Q area of the basin are collected.The variations in AE properties with respect to clay content,porosity,pressure(microfracture),and saturation are analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the rock physics behaviors of sandstones with diff erent clay contents vary significantly.The AE properties of clean sandstones are basically dependent on the microfractures(pressure),while for muddy sandstones,the clay content is an important factor affecting the responses.The target reservoir consists of interbedded sandstone and shale layers.The AE equivalent medium equations and the Gurevich theory are applied to establish the joint models for the diff erent lithologies and simulate the variations in AE properties with respect to fluid type,pore structure,and mineral components.The three-dimensional joint templates of clean and muddy sandstones,as well as shale,are developed based on the elastic and electrical attributes and then calibrated using the experimental and well-log data.The reservoir properties are estimated with the templates and validated by the log data.The results indicate that the joint templates based on lithology characteristics can eff ectively characterize the properties of interbedded sandstone and shale layers.Furthermore,the combined application of AE data provides more beneficial information for the assessment of rock properties,leading to precise estimates that conform with the actual formation conditions.展开更多
文摘目的:通过比较不同模型建立方法,筛选制备高效、可靠的胆囊胆固醇结石动物模型。方法:将36只5周龄SPF级雄性ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、2%高脂组、1%胆固醇组,每组各12只。对照组采用普通颗粒饲料喂养,2%高脂组采用2%高脂饲料喂养,1%胆固醇组采用1%胆固醇饲料喂养。喂养16周,记录各组小鼠的死亡数量,计算存活率;观察并记录各组造模成功的小鼠数量及胆囊体积大小、胆汁的浑浊度、透光性等,计算小鼠成石率;ELISA法检测胆囊胆汁总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、总胆汁酸(total bile acids,TBA)、磷脂(phospholipid,PL)及胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)的含量;HE染色观察小鼠胆囊、肝脏病理学变化。结果:对照组小鼠无死亡,胆囊大小正常,胆囊壁结构正常,胆汁澄清透亮,透光性好,胆囊内无沉淀;肝脏细胞排列整齐,结构完整。2%高脂组小鼠死亡1只,胆囊壁肌层变厚,浆膜结构及形态破坏,胆汁呈浑浊状态,透光性差,成石率为66.67%;肝脏细胞结构破坏严重,可见大量脂质空泡,肝脏存在明显的脂肪变性。1%胆固醇组小鼠死亡1只,胆囊体积明显增大,胆囊壁肌层毛糙、增厚,浆膜结构及形态破坏严重,胆汁呈褐色浑浊状态,透光性差,成石率约为83.33%;肝细胞排列紊乱,细胞结构破坏,肝脏出现小的脂质空泡。与对照组比较,2%高脂组和1%胆固醇组胆汁内TC含量升高,胆汁TBA、PL、CCK含量降低;与2%高脂组比较,1%胆固醇组胆汁TC、CCK含量降低,胆汁内TB、PL含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:1%胆固醇饲料喂养建立胆囊胆固醇结石动物模型效果最好,可作为胆囊胆固醇结石相关研究的备选模型。
文摘AIM: To evaluate the shortand long-term outcomes of bilateral liver resection for bilateral intrahepatic stones. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 101 consecutive patients with bilateral intrahepatic stones who underwent bilateral liver resection in the past 10 years. The shortand long-term outcomes of the patients were analyzed. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the risk factors related to stone recurrence. RESULTS: There was no surgical mortality in this group of patients. The surgical morbidity was 28.7%. Stone clearance rate after hepatectomy was 84.2% and final clearance rate was 95.0% following postoperative choledochoscopic lithotripsy. The stone recurrence rate was 7.9% and the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis was 6.5% in a median follow-up period of 54 mo. The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that liver resection range, less than the range of stone distribution (P = 0.015, OR = 2.152) was an independent risk factor linked to stone recurrence. CONCLUSION: Bilateral liver resection is safe and its shortand long-term outcomes are satisfactory for bilateral intrahepatic stones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 20930140)the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the sponsors of the Centre for Reservoir Geophysics of the Imperial College
文摘Seismic attributes, such as P- and S-wave velocity, Poisson＇s ratio, and acoustic impedances, all generally can be used for distinguishing different rock types. The nonuniqueness can be largely reduced using Lame impedances instead of acoustic impedances as additional constraints. We have followed this method to constitute a petrologic composition model of the upper crust in the Bohai Bay basin, China. We briefly review the seismic parameters used for discrimination of rock types and focus our attention on the sensitivity of different combinations of parameters to determine the composition of materials. Corrections for pressure and temperature are performed in order to compare elastic wave velocities and densities measured at room temperature and surface pressure in laboratory with those for representative rock parameters. In a second step, we find the rock classes in the tested area by contrasting known data to laboratory measurements on a variety of rock samples extracted in the area. The basic field data are P-wave velocity values collected along a seismic profile conducted in the Bozhong Depression. The different rock types belonging to a particular rock class are finally constrained by the seismic velocities, Poisson＇s ratio, density, acoustic impedance, and Lame imoedance related to the topmost 10 km of the Bohai Bav crust.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41974123,42174161)the Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan and the Jiangsu Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (grant no.BK20200021).
文摘In recent years,the Yanchang shale-oil formations of the Ordos Basin are rich in reserves with complex lithology and structure characteristics,low porosity and low permeability,and weak anomalies for oil and water discriminations,have been the key targets of unconventional oil/gas resource exploration and development in the relevant areas.The joint acoustic-electrical(AE)properties can be used to interpret reservoir lithology,mineralogy,pore structure,and fluid saturation.To conduct tests of thin section analysis,X-ray diff raction,and ultrasonic and electrical experiments at diff erent pressures and saturation degrees,cores from the shale-oil formations in the Q area of the basin are collected.The variations in AE properties with respect to clay content,porosity,pressure(microfracture),and saturation are analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the rock physics behaviors of sandstones with diff erent clay contents vary significantly.The AE properties of clean sandstones are basically dependent on the microfractures(pressure),while for muddy sandstones,the clay content is an important factor affecting the responses.The target reservoir consists of interbedded sandstone and shale layers.The AE equivalent medium equations and the Gurevich theory are applied to establish the joint models for the diff erent lithologies and simulate the variations in AE properties with respect to fluid type,pore structure,and mineral components.The three-dimensional joint templates of clean and muddy sandstones,as well as shale,are developed based on the elastic and electrical attributes and then calibrated using the experimental and well-log data.The reservoir properties are estimated with the templates and validated by the log data.The results indicate that the joint templates based on lithology characteristics can eff ectively characterize the properties of interbedded sandstone and shale layers.Furthermore,the combined application of AE data provides more beneficial information for the assessment of rock properties,leading to precise estimates that conform with the actual formation conditions.
