本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉来源的不可溶性纤维对生长猪结肠微生物区系及其发酵代谢产物的影响。试验选用24头(24.8±0.7)kg的杜×长×大去势公猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂含0(对照组)、5%、10%和15%苜蓿草粉的饲粮,每组6个重复,...本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉来源的不可溶性纤维对生长猪结肠微生物区系及其发酵代谢产物的影响。试验选用24头(24.8±0.7)kg的杜×长×大去势公猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂含0(对照组)、5%、10%和15%苜蓿草粉的饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验28 d后屠宰取样,测定血清脂肪酸组成、结肠食糜短链脂肪酸浓度及微生物组成。结果发现:饲喂苜蓿草粉显著降低了生长猪的料重比(P<0.05),但对平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05);结肠微生物菌群16S r DNA V3区测序结果表明,苜蓿草粉对猪结肠微生物区系无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著增加了结肠食糜中总短链脂肪酸、乙酸和丁酸的浓度(P<0.05);随着饲粮中苜蓿草粉含量的增加,血清多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),而饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著下降(P<0.05)。结果提示:苜蓿草粉来源的不可溶性纤维不影响结肠微生物菌群结构,但增强了结肠微生物的发酵活动和短链脂肪酸的产生,具有调节猪机体脂肪酸组成的作用。展开更多
AIM： To characterize the bifidobacterial microbiota of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis. METHODS： A sample of the distal colonic mucosa was taken during ...AIM： To characterize the bifidobacterial microbiota of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis. METHODS： A sample of the distal colonic mucosa was taken during surgery from a total of 34 patients, twenty-one with diagnosed colorectal cancer, nine with diverticulitis and four with inflammatory bowel disease, requiring surgery for their condition. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the resected mucosal samples and bifidobacterial mucosa-associated microbiota was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by means of qualitative and quantitative PCR. RESULTS： Bifidobacteria were found in 100% of the samples from patients with diverticulitis or IBD and a 76% of those suffering colon cancer. The species B. Iongum and B. bifidum were the most widely found, followed by B. animalis, B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis. B. breve, B. dentium and B. angulatum were not detected in any sample. A significantly higher occurrence of B. Iongum was observed in patients with diverticulitis than in those with colon cancer or IBD （100%, 62% and 75%, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. Similar results were obtained for B, animalis （56%, 0% and 25%, P 〈 0.05）, while B. adolescentis was only found in the mucosa from patients with colon cancer （5 out of 21, 24%）. At the quantitative level, patients with colon cancer or IBD showed lower counts of total Bifidobacterium （4.94 and 5.91 vs 6.96 log Cells/sample, respectively, P 〈 0.05） and of the species B. longum （4.05 and 4.79 vs 6.76, P 〈 0.05） than those with diverticulitis.CONCLUSION： Aberrancies in mucosa associated microbiota are present in different intestinal diseases. This may indicate a role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of these diseases.展开更多
AIM： To examine the effect of Eubacteriuro Iiroosuro （E.Iiroosuro） on colonic epithelial cell line in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of E.limosum on experimental colitis.METHODS： E.Iimosum was inoculated anaero...AIM： To examine the effect of Eubacteriuro Iiroosuro （E.Iiroosuro） on colonic epithelial cell line in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of E.limosum on experimental colitis.METHODS： E.Iimosum was inoculated anaerobically and its metabolites were obtained. The growth stimulatory effect of the E.limosum metabolites on T84 cells was evaluated by SUDH activity, and the anti-inflammatory effect by IL-6 production. The change in mRNA of toll like receptor 4 （TLR4） was evaluated by real time PCR. Colitis was induced by feeding BALB/C mice with 2.0% dextran sodium sulfate. These mice received either 5% lyophilized E.lirnosum （n=7） or control diet （n=7）. Seven days after colitis induction, clinical and histological scores, colon length, and cecal organic acid levels were determined.RESULTS： The E.Iimosum produced butyrate, acetate, propionate, and lactate at 0.25, 1.0, 0.025 and 0.07 retool/L, respectively in medium. At this concentration, each acid had no growth stimulating activity on T84 cells; however, when these acids were mixed together at the above levels, it showed significantly high activity than control. Except for lactate, these acids significantly attenuated IL-6 production at just 0.1 mmol/L. In addition, under TNF-α stimulation, butyrate attenuated the production of TLR4 mRNA. The treatment with E.limosum significantly attenuated clinical and histological scores of colitis with an increase of cecal butyrate levels, compared with the control group.CONCLUSION： E.limosum can ameliorate experimental colonic inflammation. In part, the metabolite of E.lirnosurn, butyrate, increases mucosal integrity and shows anti-inflammatory action modulation of mucosal defense system via TLR4.展开更多
AIM: To assess whether juvenile chronic ferric iron ingestion limit colitis and dysbiosis at adulthood in rats and mice. METHODS: Two sets of experiments were designed. In the first set, recently weaned mice were eith...AIM: To assess whether juvenile chronic ferric iron ingestion limit colitis and dysbiosis at adulthood in rats and mice. METHODS: Two sets of experiments were designed. In the first set, recently weaned mice were either orally administered ferrous (Fe2+) iron salt or ferric (Fe3+) microencapsulated iron for 6 wk. The last week of experiments trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis was induced. In the second set, juvenile rats received the microencapsulated ferric iron for 6 wk and were also submitted to TNBS colitis during the last week of experiments. In both sets of experiments, animals were sacrificed 7 d after TNBS instillation. Severity of the inflammation was assessed by scoring macroscopic lesions and quantifying colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Alteration of the microflora profile was estimated usingquantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by measuring the evolution of total caecal microflora, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and enterobacteria. RESULTS: Neither ferrous nor ferric iron daily exposures at the juvenile period result in any effect in control animals at adulthood although ferrous iron repeated administration in infancy limited weight gain. Ferrous iron was unable to limit the experimental colitis (1.71 ± 0.27 MPO U/mg proteinvs 2.47 ± 0.22 MPO U/mg protein in colitic mice). In contrast, ferric iron significantly prevented the increase of MPO activity (1.64 ± 0.14 MPO U/mg protein) in TNBS-induced colitis. Moreover, this positive effect was observed at both the doses of ferric iron used (75 and 150 mg/kg per day po - 6 wk). In the study we also compared, in both rats and mice, the consequences of chronic repeated low level exposure to ferric iron (75 mg/kg per day po - 6 wk) on TNBS-induced colitis and its related dysbiosis. We confirmed that ferric iron limited the TNBS-induced increase of MPO activity in both the rodent species. Furthermore, we assessed the ferric iron incidence on TNBS-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. At first, we needed to optimize the isolation and quantify DNA copy numbers using standard curves to perform by qPCR this interspecies comparison. Using this approach, we determined that total microflora was similar in control rats and mice and was mainly composed of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at a ratio of 10/1. Ferric juvenile administration did not modify the microflora profile in control animals. Total microflora numbers remained unchanged whichever experimental conditions studied. Following TNBS-induced colitis, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was altered resulting in a decrease of the Firmicutes numbers and an increase of the Bacteroidetes numbers typical of a gut inflammatory reaction. In parallel, the subdominant population, the enterobacteria was also increased. However, ferric iron supplementation for the juvenile period prevented the increase of Bacteroidetes and of enterobacteria numbers consecutive to the colitis in both the studied species at adulthood.CONCLUSION: Rats and mice juvenile chronic ferric iron ingestion prevents colitis and dysbiosis at adulthood as assessed by the first interspecies comparison.展开更多
[目的]探讨治疗小肠细菌过生长（SIBO）对改善肠易激综合征（IBS）症状的影响.[方法]将26例SIBO阳性的腹泻型IBS（IBS-D）患者随机分为A、B两组,记录其葡萄糖氢呼气试验（GHBT）结果（平均呼气氢浓度上升值）,同时进行IBS症状评分.然后...[目的]探讨治疗小肠细菌过生长（SIBO）对改善肠易激综合征（IBS）症状的影响.[方法]将26例SIBO阳性的腹泻型IBS（IBS-D）患者随机分为A、B两组,记录其葡萄糖氢呼气试验（GHBT）结果（平均呼气氢浓度上升值）,同时进行IBS症状评分.然后两组均给予思密达（蒙脱石散）口服,在此基础上A组给予口服微生态制剂（双歧三联活菌胶囊）,分别于治疗2周、4周后再次记录其GHBT结果及IBS症状评分,并进行比较.[结果]治疗前两组GHBT结果及IBS症状评分差异无显著性（ P 〉0.05）.治疗2周、4周后两组患者呼气氢浓度上升值及症状总评分比较差异均有显著性（ P 〈0.05）,且患者症状总评分随着平均呼气氢浓度上升值的下降而逐渐降低.[结论]微生态制剂能显著改善IBS-D患者的SIBO及其症状,治疗SIBO能在一定程度上缓解IBS患者的症状.展开更多
The pathogenesis of both entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is still complex and under investigation. The importance of the microbial flora in de...The pathogenesis of both entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is still complex and under investigation. The importance of the microbial flora in developing IBD is beyond debate. In the last few years, the focus has changed from adaptive towards innate immunity. Crohn's ileitis is associated with a deficiency of the antimicrobial shield, as shown by a reduced expression and secretion of the Paneth cell defensin HD5 and HD6, which is related to a Paneth cell differentiation defect mediated by a diminished expression of the Wnt transcription factor TCF4. In UC, the protective mucus layer, acting as a physical and chemical barrier between the gut epithelium and the luminal microbes, is thin- ner and in part denuded as compared to controls. This could be caused by a missing induction of the goblet cell differentiation factors Hath1 and KLF4 leading to immature goblet cells. This defective Paneth and goblet cell differentiation in Crohn's ileitis and UC may enablethe luminal microbes to invade the mucosa and trigger the inflammation. The exact molecular mechanisms behind ileal CD and also UC must be further clarified, but these observations could give rise to new therapeutic strategies based on a stimulation of the protective innate immune system.展开更多
Currently,there are several newer biomarkers that may be clinically useful in colon cancer. This paper focuses on a few of these biomarkers,namely microsatellite instability,loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 18q(LO...Currently,there are several newer biomarkers that may be clinically useful in colon cancer. This paper focuses on a few of these biomarkers,namely microsatellite instability,loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 18q(LOH18q) and multi-gene assays,and discusses the clinical evidence behind their predictive or prognostic abilities. The results show that although there have been several newer prognostic factors identified,such as LOH18 q and multi-gene assays,none of these factors can predict benefit from treatment. Therefore,ongoing prospective clinical trials are still needed to further assess the role and optimal use of these tests.展开更多
文摘本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉来源的不可溶性纤维对生长猪结肠微生物区系及其发酵代谢产物的影响。试验选用24头(24.8±0.7)kg的杜×长×大去势公猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂含0(对照组)、5%、10%和15%苜蓿草粉的饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验28 d后屠宰取样,测定血清脂肪酸组成、结肠食糜短链脂肪酸浓度及微生物组成。结果发现:饲喂苜蓿草粉显著降低了生长猪的料重比(P<0.05),但对平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05);结肠微生物菌群16S r DNA V3区测序结果表明,苜蓿草粉对猪结肠微生物区系无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著增加了结肠食糜中总短链脂肪酸、乙酸和丁酸的浓度(P<0.05);随着饲粮中苜蓿草粉含量的增加,血清多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),而饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著下降(P<0.05)。结果提示:苜蓿草粉来源的不可溶性纤维不影响结肠微生物菌群结构,但增强了结肠微生物的发酵活动和短链脂肪酸的产生,具有调节猪机体脂肪酸组成的作用。
文摘AIM： To characterize the bifidobacterial microbiota of the colonic mucosa in patients with colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis. METHODS： A sample of the distal colonic mucosa was taken during surgery from a total of 34 patients, twenty-one with diagnosed colorectal cancer, nine with diverticulitis and four with inflammatory bowel disease, requiring surgery for their condition. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the resected mucosal samples and bifidobacterial mucosa-associated microbiota was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by means of qualitative and quantitative PCR. RESULTS： Bifidobacteria were found in 100% of the samples from patients with diverticulitis or IBD and a 76% of those suffering colon cancer. The species B. Iongum and B. bifidum were the most widely found, followed by B. animalis, B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis. B. breve, B. dentium and B. angulatum were not detected in any sample. A significantly higher occurrence of B. Iongum was observed in patients with diverticulitis than in those with colon cancer or IBD （100%, 62% and 75%, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. Similar results were obtained for B, animalis （56%, 0% and 25%, P 〈 0.05）, while B. adolescentis was only found in the mucosa from patients with colon cancer （5 out of 21, 24%）. At the quantitative level, patients with colon cancer or IBD showed lower counts of total Bifidobacterium （4.94 and 5.91 vs 6.96 log Cells/sample, respectively, P 〈 0.05） and of the species B. longum （4.05 and 4.79 vs 6.76, P 〈 0.05） than those with diverticulitis.CONCLUSION： Aberrancies in mucosa associated microbiota are present in different intestinal diseases. This may indicate a role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
文摘AIM： To examine the effect of Eubacteriuro Iiroosuro （E.Iiroosuro） on colonic epithelial cell line in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of E.limosum on experimental colitis.METHODS： E.Iimosum was inoculated anaerobically and its metabolites were obtained. The growth stimulatory effect of the E.limosum metabolites on T84 cells was evaluated by SUDH activity, and the anti-inflammatory effect by IL-6 production. The change in mRNA of toll like receptor 4 （TLR4） was evaluated by real time PCR. Colitis was induced by feeding BALB/C mice with 2.0% dextran sodium sulfate. These mice received either 5% lyophilized E.lirnosum （n=7） or control diet （n=7）. Seven days after colitis induction, clinical and histological scores, colon length, and cecal organic acid levels were determined.RESULTS： The E.Iimosum produced butyrate, acetate, propionate, and lactate at 0.25, 1.0, 0.025 and 0.07 retool/L, respectively in medium. At this concentration, each acid had no growth stimulating activity on T84 cells; however, when these acids were mixed together at the above levels, it showed significantly high activity than control. Except for lactate, these acids significantly attenuated IL-6 production at just 0.1 mmol/L. In addition, under TNF-α stimulation, butyrate attenuated the production of TLR4 mRNA. The treatment with E.limosum significantly attenuated clinical and histological scores of colitis with an increase of cecal butyrate levels, compared with the control group.CONCLUSION： E.limosum can ameliorate experimental colonic inflammation. In part, the metabolite of E.lirnosurn, butyrate, increases mucosal integrity and shows anti-inflammatory action modulation of mucosal defense system via TLR4.
基金Supported by Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais
文摘AIM: To assess whether juvenile chronic ferric iron ingestion limit colitis and dysbiosis at adulthood in rats and mice. METHODS: Two sets of experiments were designed. In the first set, recently weaned mice were either orally administered ferrous (Fe2+) iron salt or ferric (Fe3+) microencapsulated iron for 6 wk. The last week of experiments trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis was induced. In the second set, juvenile rats received the microencapsulated ferric iron for 6 wk and were also submitted to TNBS colitis during the last week of experiments. In both sets of experiments, animals were sacrificed 7 d after TNBS instillation. Severity of the inflammation was assessed by scoring macroscopic lesions and quantifying colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Alteration of the microflora profile was estimated usingquantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by measuring the evolution of total caecal microflora, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and enterobacteria. RESULTS: Neither ferrous nor ferric iron daily exposures at the juvenile period result in any effect in control animals at adulthood although ferrous iron repeated administration in infancy limited weight gain. Ferrous iron was unable to limit the experimental colitis (1.71 ± 0.27 MPO U/mg proteinvs 2.47 ± 0.22 MPO U/mg protein in colitic mice). In contrast, ferric iron significantly prevented the increase of MPO activity (1.64 ± 0.14 MPO U/mg protein) in TNBS-induced colitis. Moreover, this positive effect was observed at both the doses of ferric iron used (75 and 150 mg/kg per day po - 6 wk). In the study we also compared, in both rats and mice, the consequences of chronic repeated low level exposure to ferric iron (75 mg/kg per day po - 6 wk) on TNBS-induced colitis and its related dysbiosis. We confirmed that ferric iron limited the TNBS-induced increase of MPO activity in both the rodent species. Furthermore, we assessed the ferric iron incidence on TNBS-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. At first, we needed to optimize the isolation and quantify DNA copy numbers using standard curves to perform by qPCR this interspecies comparison. Using this approach, we determined that total microflora was similar in control rats and mice and was mainly composed of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at a ratio of 10/1. Ferric juvenile administration did not modify the microflora profile in control animals. Total microflora numbers remained unchanged whichever experimental conditions studied. Following TNBS-induced colitis, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was altered resulting in a decrease of the Firmicutes numbers and an increase of the Bacteroidetes numbers typical of a gut inflammatory reaction. In parallel, the subdominant population, the enterobacteria was also increased. However, ferric iron supplementation for the juvenile period prevented the increase of Bacteroidetes and of enterobacteria numbers consecutive to the colitis in both the studied species at adulthood.CONCLUSION: Rats and mice juvenile chronic ferric iron ingestion prevents colitis and dysbiosis at adulthood as assessed by the first interspecies comparison.
文摘[目的]探讨治疗小肠细菌过生长（SIBO）对改善肠易激综合征（IBS）症状的影响.[方法]将26例SIBO阳性的腹泻型IBS（IBS-D）患者随机分为A、B两组,记录其葡萄糖氢呼气试验（GHBT）结果（平均呼气氢浓度上升值）,同时进行IBS症状评分.然后两组均给予思密达（蒙脱石散）口服,在此基础上A组给予口服微生态制剂（双歧三联活菌胶囊）,分别于治疗2周、4周后再次记录其GHBT结果及IBS症状评分,并进行比较.[结果]治疗前两组GHBT结果及IBS症状评分差异无显著性（ P 〉0.05）.治疗2周、4周后两组患者呼气氢浓度上升值及症状总评分比较差异均有显著性（ P 〈0.05）,且患者症状总评分随着平均呼气氢浓度上升值的下降而逐渐降低.[结论]微生态制剂能显著改善IBS-D患者的SIBO及其症状,治疗SIBO能在一定程度上缓解IBS患者的症状.
基金Supported by The Robert Bosch Foundation Stuttgart Germany and the Emmy Noether program (Wehkamp J) of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
文摘The pathogenesis of both entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is still complex and under investigation. The importance of the microbial flora in developing IBD is beyond debate. In the last few years, the focus has changed from adaptive towards innate immunity. Crohn's ileitis is associated with a deficiency of the antimicrobial shield, as shown by a reduced expression and secretion of the Paneth cell defensin HD5 and HD6, which is related to a Paneth cell differentiation defect mediated by a diminished expression of the Wnt transcription factor TCF4. In UC, the protective mucus layer, acting as a physical and chemical barrier between the gut epithelium and the luminal microbes, is thin- ner and in part denuded as compared to controls. This could be caused by a missing induction of the goblet cell differentiation factors Hath1 and KLF4 leading to immature goblet cells. This defective Paneth and goblet cell differentiation in Crohn's ileitis and UC may enablethe luminal microbes to invade the mucosa and trigger the inflammation. The exact molecular mechanisms behind ileal CD and also UC must be further clarified, but these observations could give rise to new therapeutic strategies based on a stimulation of the protective innate immune system.
文摘Currently,there are several newer biomarkers that may be clinically useful in colon cancer. This paper focuses on a few of these biomarkers,namely microsatellite instability,loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 18q(LOH18q) and multi-gene assays,and discusses the clinical evidence behind their predictive or prognostic abilities. The results show that although there have been several newer prognostic factors identified,such as LOH18 q and multi-gene assays,none of these factors can predict benefit from treatment. Therefore,ongoing prospective clinical trials are still needed to further assess the role and optimal use of these tests.
