甘蓝型油菜结角高度与荚层厚度的全基因组关联分析

角果是油菜重要的光合作用和种子存储器官,对油菜产量具有重要贡献。本研究以412份具有代表性的甘蓝型油菜品种（系）为材料,利用芸薹属60K Illumina Infinium SNP芯片对其基因型分析,并对油菜结角高度和角果层厚度进行全基因组关联分析。结果共检测到16个显著关联的SNP,其中重庆环境下分别检测到2个和4个SNP与结角高度和结角层厚度显著关联,单个SNP解释的表型变异为5.61%～5.69%和5.94%～6.31%。云南环境下分别检测到5个和1个显著关联的SNP,单个标记解释的表型变异为12.66%～13.97%和22.43%。对2个环境的结角高度差和结角层厚度差共检测到3个和1个与性状显著相关的SNP,它们对表型变异的解释率分别为17.33%～20.32%和29.05%。其中,环境间结角厚度差的关联SNP与重庆环境结角层厚度的1个显著关联SNP位于同一LD区间。各显著关联标记LD区段的多个基因调节植物细胞组织发生、花分生组织发育、角果数目和多器官发育,如NSN1、TPST和SACl等,它们可能通过上述功能影响油菜花序或角果的生长发育,导致结角高度或结角层厚度差异。本研究发掘的这些位点和候选基因可作为影响油菜结角高度和角果层厚度的重要候选区域和基因,为揭示油菜结角性状的遗传基础和分子机制,提高油菜单位面积产量奠定了基础。

不同氮水平下冬油菜各枝序结角高度与生产力关系的研究

不同施氮量对冬油菜宁杂1号各枝序生产力和结角起止点影响的研究表明:(1)不同枝序的生产力以主序最高,一次分枝生产力则以中上部最高,向上、向下依次下降;合理施肥能明显增加群体中高效分枝的比例。(2)各分枝的结角起点一般以中上部分枝较高,上部分枝略低,下部分枝最低;各分枝的结角终点以上部较高,下部较低。适量施肥可提高各分枝的结角起点和终点,特别是上部8个高效分枝。(3)各枝序的生产力占全株的相对体积质量与其结角起点、终点以及两者之和都呈极显著的正相关,说明各分枝果序在结角层中的相对位置越高,其生产力也越高。

Influences of Incidence Angle on 2D-Flow and Secondary Flow Structure in Ultra-Highly Loaded Turbine Cascade

An increase of turbine blade loading can reduce the numbers of blade and stage of gas turbines. However, an increase of blade loading makes the secondary flow much stronger because of the steep pitch-wise pressure gradient in the cascade passage, and consequently deteriorates the turbine efficiency. In this study, the computations were performed for the flow in an ultra-highly loaded turbine cascade with high turning angle in order to clarify the effects of the incidence angle on the two dimensional flow and the secondary flow in the cascade passage, which cause the profile loss and the secondary loss, respectively. The computed results showed good agreement with the experimental surface oil flow visualizations and the blade surface static pressure at mid-span of the blade. The profile loss was strongly increased by the increase of incidence angle especially in the positive range. Moreover, the positive incidences not only strengthened the horseshoe vortex and the passage vortex but also induced a new vortex on the end-wall. Moreover, the newly formed vortex influenced the formation of the pressure side leg of horseshoe vortex.