Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessels (FSRWPVs) are used in many important industry areas. There is no such kind of pressure vessel exploding on operation for its reasonable structure design. Many explosion experim...Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessels (FSRWPVs) are used in many important industry areas. There is no such kind of pressure vessel exploding on operation for its reasonable structure design. Many explosion experiments on Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel showed that their limited load pressure is related to the winding angle of the steel ribbons. FSRWPVs with reasonable winding angle have better security and lower cost. Reasonable angels given at the end of this paper facilitate engineering design.展开更多
The objective of marine propeller design optimization study is to obtain a propeller with minimum power absorption, maximum efficiency and good materials resistance. In this study, results of numerical simulation carr...The objective of marine propeller design optimization study is to obtain a propeller with minimum power absorption, maximum efficiency and good materials resistance. In this study, results of numerical simulation carried out on the flow around a conventional marine propeller are presented. The investigation focused on the aspects related to the influence of skew magnitude, thickness and blade number on the propeller performances. First, open water performances of a conventional propeller model DTMB 4148 was estimated using RANS （Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes） method. The flow around rotating propeller model was analyzed in the steady state using RANS approach of the commercial CFD （computational fluid dynamics） code fluent. The results provide good agreement with literature data. Numerical results show that the number of blades has an influence on the open water performances of marine propellers. It＇s noticed that the best propeller has four or five blades from only the hydrodynamic aspect. The thickness blade effect has been studied for the same propeller model and compared to the blade with three different thickness values. Results of the calculation show that the blade thickness increases moderately the propeller efficiency. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to study the magnitude skew effect on the propeller blade performance, so three different models were generated. The results of the simulation show that the skew distribution has a positive effect on the open water performances of the marine propellers.展开更多
The reverse osmosis process has been applied in large industrial fields （water treatment, food industry, biotechnology, and ect.）. Despite, this progress more investigation are required to optimize the reverse osmos...The reverse osmosis process has been applied in large industrial fields （water treatment, food industry, biotechnology, and ect.）. Despite, this progress more investigation are required to optimize the reverse osmosis process. The present paper deals the modeling of mass transfer in a cavity limited by a semi-permeable membrane. Mass conservation and momentum balances are developed, dimensionless and control volume method has been applied. The velocity and concentration profiles versus the Reynolds number and Sherwood are studied. The results show that the permeability of the membrane decreases as function of the transversal （radial） component of the velocity. The axial （tangential） component of the velocity presents a good stability along the thickness of the cavity; this phenomenon can be attributed to the zero gradient of the tangential velocity. These preliminary results show that the phenomenon of the concentration polarization affects the mass transfer coefficient in a channel. Current study has considered the cavity without a promoter of the turbulence; whereas, the design of the spacer has an important role on mass transfer coefficient in the reverse osmosis module. Our next interest is the integration of the spacer in the cavity, and the study of the effect of its design on the concentration and velocity profiles and the mass transfer coefficient through the reverse osmosis membrane.展开更多
This paper addresses some of the problems related to direct surface temperature measurement of a salient pole synchronous generator excitation winding in rotation. Excitation winding temperature is used for determinin...This paper addresses some of the problems related to direct surface temperature measurement of a salient pole synchronous generator excitation winding in rotation. Excitation winding temperature is used for determining the dynamic limit in a PQ diagram. The paper also addresses procedures of improving the accuracy of surface temperature measurement using the contact DS 18B20 digital temperature probes. The paper also provides experimental results of direct temperature measurement of the excitation winding surface conducted in the salient pole synchronous generator in the rotation.展开更多
The excitation system of the homopolar inductor machine(HIM)is analyzed and designed to establish the design approach and evaluation criteria of the excitation system.The finite element method is used to calculate the...The excitation system of the homopolar inductor machine(HIM)is analyzed and designed to establish the design approach and evaluation criteria of the excitation system.The finite element method is used to calculate the three-dimensional electromagnetic field in the HIM,and the distribution and characteristics of the magnetic field are described.The analytical method is applied to investigate the design process of the excitation winding.The ratio of the axial length of the armature winding to the excitation winding and the ratio of the axial length of the working air-gap to the non-working air-gap are investigated by the numerical calculation method.A prototype HIM is designed and manufactured,and some experiments are implemented to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and numerical calculation results.The research results show that the established design method of the excitation winding is practical and feasible.Under the conditions of constant excitation magnetomotive force or constant excitation power,the optimum range of the axial length ratio of the armature winding and the excitation winding is 0.45 to 0.5.The optimal axial length of the non-working air-gap can be determined by the ratio of the stator inner diameter and pole-pairs.展开更多
Groins are employed to prevent nearshore areas from erosion and to control the direction of flow. However, the groin structure and its associated flow characteristics are the main causes of local erosion. In this stud...Groins are employed to prevent nearshore areas from erosion and to control the direction of flow. However, the groin structure and its associated flow characteristics are the main causes of local erosion. In this study, we investigate the flow patterns around refractive and right-angle groins. In particular, we analytically compare the flow characteristics around a refractive groin and study the degree of accuracy that can be achieved by using a right-angle groin of various projected lengths. To compare the flow characteristics, we replaced the right-angle groin with an approximation of a refractive groin. This replacement had the least effect on the maximum velocity of flow in the channel. Moreover, we investigated the distribution of the density variables of temperature and salinity, and their effects on the flow characteristics around the right-angle groin. A comparison of the flow analysis results in baroclinic and barotropic conditions reveals that the flow characteristic values are very similar for both the refractive and right-angle groins. The geometry of the groin, i.e., right-angle or refractive, has little effect on the maximum speed to relative average speed. Apart from the angular separation, the arm length of the groin in downstream refractive groins has less effect on other flow characteristics than do upstream refractive groins. We also correlated a number of non-dimensional variables with respect to various flow characteristics and groin geometry. These comparisons indicate that the correlation between the thalweg height and width of the channel and groin arm＇s length to projection length have been approximated using linear and nonlinear formulas regardless of inner velocity in the subcritical flow.展开更多
文摘Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessels (FSRWPVs) are used in many important industry areas. There is no such kind of pressure vessel exploding on operation for its reasonable structure design. Many explosion experiments on Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel showed that their limited load pressure is related to the winding angle of the steel ribbons. FSRWPVs with reasonable winding angle have better security and lower cost. Reasonable angels given at the end of this paper facilitate engineering design.
文摘The objective of marine propeller design optimization study is to obtain a propeller with minimum power absorption, maximum efficiency and good materials resistance. In this study, results of numerical simulation carried out on the flow around a conventional marine propeller are presented. The investigation focused on the aspects related to the influence of skew magnitude, thickness and blade number on the propeller performances. First, open water performances of a conventional propeller model DTMB 4148 was estimated using RANS （Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes） method. The flow around rotating propeller model was analyzed in the steady state using RANS approach of the commercial CFD （computational fluid dynamics） code fluent. The results provide good agreement with literature data. Numerical results show that the number of blades has an influence on the open water performances of marine propellers. It＇s noticed that the best propeller has four or five blades from only the hydrodynamic aspect. The thickness blade effect has been studied for the same propeller model and compared to the blade with three different thickness values. Results of the calculation show that the blade thickness increases moderately the propeller efficiency. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to study the magnitude skew effect on the propeller blade performance, so three different models were generated. The results of the simulation show that the skew distribution has a positive effect on the open water performances of the marine propellers.
文摘The reverse osmosis process has been applied in large industrial fields （water treatment, food industry, biotechnology, and ect.）. Despite, this progress more investigation are required to optimize the reverse osmosis process. The present paper deals the modeling of mass transfer in a cavity limited by a semi-permeable membrane. Mass conservation and momentum balances are developed, dimensionless and control volume method has been applied. The velocity and concentration profiles versus the Reynolds number and Sherwood are studied. The results show that the permeability of the membrane decreases as function of the transversal （radial） component of the velocity. The axial （tangential） component of the velocity presents a good stability along the thickness of the cavity; this phenomenon can be attributed to the zero gradient of the tangential velocity. These preliminary results show that the phenomenon of the concentration polarization affects the mass transfer coefficient in a channel. Current study has considered the cavity without a promoter of the turbulence; whereas, the design of the spacer has an important role on mass transfer coefficient in the reverse osmosis module. Our next interest is the integration of the spacer in the cavity, and the study of the effect of its design on the concentration and velocity profiles and the mass transfer coefficient through the reverse osmosis membrane.
文摘This paper addresses some of the problems related to direct surface temperature measurement of a salient pole synchronous generator excitation winding in rotation. Excitation winding temperature is used for determining the dynamic limit in a PQ diagram. The paper also addresses procedures of improving the accuracy of surface temperature measurement using the contact DS 18B20 digital temperature probes. The paper also provides experimental results of direct temperature measurement of the excitation winding surface conducted in the salient pole synchronous generator in the rotation.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977035)。
文摘The excitation system of the homopolar inductor machine(HIM)is analyzed and designed to establish the design approach and evaluation criteria of the excitation system.The finite element method is used to calculate the three-dimensional electromagnetic field in the HIM,and the distribution and characteristics of the magnetic field are described.The analytical method is applied to investigate the design process of the excitation winding.The ratio of the axial length of the armature winding to the excitation winding and the ratio of the axial length of the working air-gap to the non-working air-gap are investigated by the numerical calculation method.A prototype HIM is designed and manufactured,and some experiments are implemented to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and numerical calculation results.The research results show that the established design method of the excitation winding is practical and feasible.Under the conditions of constant excitation magnetomotive force or constant excitation power,the optimum range of the axial length ratio of the armature winding and the excitation winding is 0.45 to 0.5.The optimal axial length of the non-working air-gap can be determined by the ratio of the stator inner diameter and pole-pairs.
文摘Groins are employed to prevent nearshore areas from erosion and to control the direction of flow. However, the groin structure and its associated flow characteristics are the main causes of local erosion. In this study, we investigate the flow patterns around refractive and right-angle groins. In particular, we analytically compare the flow characteristics around a refractive groin and study the degree of accuracy that can be achieved by using a right-angle groin of various projected lengths. To compare the flow characteristics, we replaced the right-angle groin with an approximation of a refractive groin. This replacement had the least effect on the maximum velocity of flow in the channel. Moreover, we investigated the distribution of the density variables of temperature and salinity, and their effects on the flow characteristics around the right-angle groin. A comparison of the flow analysis results in baroclinic and barotropic conditions reveals that the flow characteristic values are very similar for both the refractive and right-angle groins. The geometry of the groin, i.e., right-angle or refractive, has little effect on the maximum speed to relative average speed. Apart from the angular separation, the arm length of the groin in downstream refractive groins has less effect on other flow characteristics than do upstream refractive groins. We also correlated a number of non-dimensional variables with respect to various flow characteristics and groin geometry. These comparisons indicate that the correlation between the thalweg height and width of the channel and groin arm＇s length to projection length have been approximated using linear and nonlinear formulas regardless of inner velocity in the subcritical flow.
