保护储层的络合水修井液技术研究

为了满足崖城13—1气田高温180℃、低压（压力因数0．22，压差达30MPa左右）储层修井作业过程中的施X-安全和储层保护要求，优选出了具有密度可调范围大（1．0～1．26g／cm2）、液相黏度高（15．6914ram。／s）、抑制性强、界面张力低、抗温稳定性好的络合水基液，结合该气田储层渗透性漏失的特点，从漏失的根源入手，构建了崖城131气田高温低压气井储层保护型络合水修井液体系。室内评价数据表明，该修井液在180℃下静止恒温老化60d，流变性稳定，上下密度差极小，具有较好的耐温稳定性；在180℃、30MPa下，90min的承压封堵试验中，岩心的漏失量为0ml，具有较好的承压封堵性。该络合水修井液体系能满足崖城131气田高温、低压储层修井作业要求。

东方1-1气田络合水水凝胶暂堵修井液技术研究与应用

通过对东方1-1气田待修井储层损害因素分析,该储层具有非均质性强、强水敏等特点,在修井过程中不仅要注重低渗防水锁损害、高渗防漏失损害,而且要防止水敏损害。针对以上储层保护要求,推荐以防水锁性(20.6mN/m)好、抑制性(防膨率99.5%)强和储层保护性(渗透率恢复值96.5%)好的络合水作为基液,构建络合水水凝胶暂堵修井液;该修井液不仅具有较好的封堵性能,而且本身具有较好的返排能力,在储层改造破胶液的作用下,渗透率恢复值均大于98%,能满足修井增产的目的。该体系在DF1-1-B2h井修井作业中取得了成功的应用。

深水钻完井络合水弃置液性能及在陵水17-2气田的应用研究

针对陵水17-2气田测试液作业要求情况,结合该油田储层的特点,以储层保护为出发点,成功开发出络合水弃置液体系。并对弃置液的流变性、防水敏性、防水锁性、稳定性、防腐性、气体水合物抑制性、储层保护性等性能进行了系统评价。该络合水弃置液已使用在陵水17-2-1井测试施工中,并取得了良好的应用效果,可在类似油田推广应用。

适合东方1-1气田强水敏储层的修井液研究及性能评价

东方1-1气田待修井储层具有非均质性强、强水敏等特点,在修井过程中不仅要注重低渗防水锁损害、高渗防漏失损害,而且要防止水敏损害。针对以上储层保护要求,推荐以防水锁性好(表面张力20.6mN·m-1)、抑制性强(防膨率99.5%)和储层保护性好(渗透率恢复值96.5%)的络合水作为基液,构建适合东方1-1气田强水敏储层的修井液,该修井液具有较好的封堵性能和返排能力,在储层改造型破胶液的作用下,渗透率恢复值均大于98%,能达到修井增产的目的。

用线性自由能关系预测金属络合物的热力学性质(英文)

Sverjensky与Molling提出的线性自由能关系是根据金属阳离子的热力学性质来预测等结构系列中固体相的标准生成自由能。本文研究结果证实 ,水溶液中金属络合物与简单金属阳离子之间也存在类似的相关关系 ,预测值与实验值的差异通常小于 1.5kcal/mol或小于一个log单位 ,这一线性自由能关系对于预测自然环境中重金属的水溶物种的配分。

Two-sectional struvite formation process for enhanced treatment of copper-ammonia complex wastewater

Mg2＋ and PO43＋ were added into the synthetic wastewater, leading to the dissociation of the complex ions in the wastewater, and resulting in removal of copper and ammonia therein. The effects of agents addition amount, pH, and reaction time on the removal efficiency of copper and ammonia were investigated. In particular, two-sectional struvite formation （TSSF） process was established for copper and ammonia removal. MgCl2 and Na2HPO4 were added by following 90% addition in the first section and remained 10% in the second during the TSSF process. Compared with one sectional struvite formation, TSSF possessed much better performance. Under condition of n（NH3-N）：n（Mg）：n（P）=1：1.2：1.5 （molar ratio）, pH=9, and reaction time of 30 min, the removal efficiencies of copper and ammonia were 98.9% and 99.96%, respectively. The enhanced performance of TSSF is explained by the competition of ammonia by copper？ammonia complexes and struvite. The dissociation of copper-ammonia complexes is further demonstrated by thermodynamic equilibrium analysis, on the basis of calculations and establishment of predominance phases diagram. Moreover, XRD and EDS analyses further confirmed the formation of struvite and precipitation of copper, which prove the transmission of copper and ammonia from liquid phase into solid phase.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlordiazepoxide Using Its Charge-transfer Complex with 2,4-Dinitrophenol

A new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide is described, based on the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenol in water medium, apparently by a charge-transfer mechanism, to yield 1:1 complex with maximum absorption at 444 nm. Optimum experimental conditions for the determination have been studied. The linear calibration range, apparent molar absorptivity and relative standard deviation are 2.8~96.0 mgmL-1, 1.48103 and 0.32%, respectively. The method is accurate and has been successfully applied to the determination of chlordiazpoxide in tablets. The results are in good agreement with those obtained with the official method.

Preparation and Aqueous Recognition of Metal Complex Imprinted Polymer Using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as Functional Monomer

Using nickel（II） acetate.-2,2＇-dipyridyl complex as template and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone （NVP） as coordinate functional monomer,.a new kind of metal-compiexing template molecularly impnnted polymer （MIP） was prepared..The results of equilibri.um binding experiments in. aqueous solution showed that the MIP had higher＇binding capacity for nickel（ II ）-2,2＇-dipyridyl than the non-imprinted polymer with the same chemical composition. Theinfluences of metal ions and pHof solution on the recognition performance of MIP were investigated. The bindingcharacteristics of MIP were evaluated by the Scatchard analysis with one-site and two-site binding equations, respectively. The results on substrate selectivity of imprinted polymer revealed that MIP had better binding affinityfor template among thetested compounds.

Improving Energy Performance of Water Allocation Networks Through Appropriate Stream Merging

Water-using operations in the process industry have demands for water usually both on water quality and temperature, and the existing mathematical models of heat exchange networks cannot guarantee the energy performance of a water network optimal. In this paper, the effects of non-isothermal merging on energy performance of water allocation networks are analyzed, which include utility consumption, total heat exchange load, and number of heat exchange matches. Three principles are proposed to express the effects of non-isothermal merging on energy performance of water allocation networks. A rule of non-isothermal merging without increasing utility consumption is deduced. And an approach to improve energy performance of water allocation network is presented. A case study is given to demonstrate the method.

Synthesis and Scheduling of Optimal Batch Water-recycle Networks

This work develops an optimization-based methodology for the design and scheduling of batch water recycle networks. This task requires the identification of network configuration, fresh-water usage, recycle assignments from sources to sinks, wastewater discharge, and a scheduling scheme. A new source-tank-sink representation is developed to allow for storage and dispatch tanks. The problem is solved in stages by first eliminating scheduling constraints and determining minimum usage of fresh water and wastewater discharge. An iterative procedure is formulated to minimize the total annual cost of the system by trading off capital versus operating costs. The work overcomes limitations in previous literature work including restricted recycle within the same cycle, lumped balances that may not lead to feasible solutions, and unrealistic objective functions. A case study is solved to illustrate the usefulness of the devised procedure.

Effect of Cu(11)-Salicylate in Micellar Systems onScavenging Superoxide Ion Released by CulturedMacrophages

基于胶束与球状蛋白的相似性，用胶束模拟超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的微环境，以促进ＳＯＤ模拟物─水杨酸铜络合物对Ｏ歧化的催化作用，达到清除Ｏ＿２的目的。本文首次用培养的巨噬细胞受刺激产生的“呼吸暴发”为Ｏ的发生源，研究了在ＣＴＡＢ、ＳＤＳ、ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００及Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０胶束体系中水杨酸铜络合物对Ｏ的清除作用。研究结果表明，以水杨酸铜－ＳＤＳ胶束体系对Ｏ的清除率最高，达９０．４％。其他胶束体系对Ｏ的歧化亦均有促进作用。

Behaviour of Tributylamine as Entrainer for the Separation of Water and Acetic Acid with Reactive Extractive Distillation

A new separation method, reactive extractive distillation, was put forward for separating water and acetic acid. The separation mechanism was analyzed through infrared spectra technique. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.33 kPa for the binary or ternary systems consisting of water, acetic acid and tributylamine were measured. The activity coefficients were correlated by using Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC Equations.The VLE experiment showed that tributylamine could enhance the relative volatility of water to acetic acid. An extractive distillation experiment was carried out and proved that tributylamine was a good extractive solvent.

The Design of Water-reusing Network with a Hybrid Structure Through Mathematical Programming

A new design method for a water-reusing network, with a hybrid structure, to reduce the complexity of the network and to minimize freshwater consumption, is proposed. The unique feature of the methodology proposed .in this article is to control the complexity of the water network by regulation of the control number in a water-reusing system. It combines the advantages of a conventional water-reusing network and a water-reusing net work with internal water mains. To illustrate the proposed method, a single contaminant system and a multiple contaminant system serve as examples of the problems.

Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel metal(Ⅱ)-organic complex based on imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline

A novel metal（II）-organic complex Co（HIMP）（1,4-bdc）＇3H20 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffxaction. The complex is a mononuclear Co（II） complex, which is assembled into a 3D supramolecular architecture via strong intermolecular π…π stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds.

Noncommutative Differential Calculus and Its Application on Discrete Spaces

We present the noncommutative differential calculus on the function space of the infinite set and construct a homotopy operator to prove the analogue of the Poincare lemma for the difference complex. Then the horizontal and vertical complexes are introduced with the total differential map and vertical exterior derivative. As the application of the differential calculus, we derive the schemes with the conservation of symplecticity and energy for Hamiltonian system and a two-dimensional integral models with infinite sequence of conserved currents. Then an Euler-Lagrange cohomology with symplectic structure-preserving is given in the discrete classical mechanics.

Impact of REE La and its EDTA complexes on eutrophic water body

The different concentrations （0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/L） of La^3＋ and the different concentrations （0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/L） of La-EDTA were added into the simulant water body separately and the contents of DO, COD, N, P in the water body were determined regularly, The results prove that, when REE concentration is 0.25 mg/L or 0.50 mg/L, the growth of algae and eutrophication can be promoted. The promotive effect of latter is obvious. The condition that REE concentration is 0.10 mg/L or 1.00 mg/L can inhibit the growth of algae and eutrophication. Not only the promotive effect but also the inhibitive effect of La^3 ＋ is stronger than La-EDTA.

Global Optimization for the Synthesis of Integrated Water Systems with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fresh water and wastewater treatment is globally minimized. A superstructure that incorporates all feasible design alterna- tives for wastewater treatment, reuse and recycle, is synthesized with a non-linear programming model. An evolutionary approach--an improved particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing such systems. Two simple examples are .Presented.to illustrate the global op.timization of inte.grated water networks using the proposed algorithm.

Honeycomb-structured solid acid catalysts fabricated via the swelling-induced self-assembly of acidic poly(ionic liquid)s for highly efficient hydrolysis reactions

The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still challenging.In this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designed and synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers,sodium p-styrenesulfonate,and crosslinkers,followed by acidification.The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide indicated that the synthesized SAPILs presented moderate and single acid strength.The thermogravimetric analysis results in the temperature range of 300–345°C revealed that the synthesized SAPILs were more stable than the commercial resin Amberlite IR-120(H)(245°C).Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy testing demonstrated that SAPILs presented unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb structure in water,which was ascribed to the swelling-induced self-assembly of the molecules.Moreover,we used SAPILs with micron-sized honeycomb structure in water as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cyclohexyl acetate to cyclohexanol,and determined that their catalytic activity was much higher than that of homogeneous acid catalysts.The equilibrium concentrations of all reaction components inside and outside the synthesized SAPILs were quantitatively analyzed using a series of simulated reaction mixtures.Depending on the reaction mixture,the concentration of cyclohexyl acetate inside SAPIL-1 was 7.5–23.3 times higher than that outside of it,which suggested the high enrichment ability of SAPILs for cyclohexyl acetate.The excellent catalytic performance of SAPILs was attributed to their 3D honeycomb structure in water and high enrichment ability for cyclohexyl acetate,which opened up new avenues for designing highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts that could eventually replace conventional homogeneous acid catalysts.

Evaluation of Underwater Optical-Acoustic Hybrid Network

The deployment of underwater networks allows researchers to collect explorative and monitoring data on underwater ecosystems.The acoustic medium has been widely adopted in current research and commercial uses,while the optical medium remains experimental only.According to our survey onthe properties of acoustic and optical communicationsand preliminary simulation results have shown significant trade-offs between bandwidth,propagation delay,power consumption,and effective communication range.We propose a hybrid solution that combines the use of acoustic and optical communication in order to overcome the bandwidth limitation of the acoustic channel by enabling optical communicationwith the help of acoustic-assisted alignment between optical transmitters and receivers.

A BOD-DO coupling model for water quality simulation by artificial neural network

A one-dimensional BOD-DO coupling model for water quality simulation is presented, which adopts Streeter-Phelps equations and the theory of back-propagation artificial neural network. The water quality data of Yangtze River in the Chongqing region in the year of 1989 are divided into 5 groups and used in the learning and testing courses of this model. The result shows that such model is feasible for water quality simulation and is more accurate than traditional models.