围绝经期子宫出血60例临床分析

目的探讨围绝经期子宫出血的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法对我院60例围绝经期子宫出血病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果60例围绝经期子宫出血患者中,功能性子宫出血(功血)36例(60.0%),生殖道器质性病变14例(23.3%),血液系统疾病6例(10.0%),其他疾病4例(6.7%)。8例经超声检查有异常发现者再接受宫腔镜检查,6例均发现器质性病变。结论围绝经期子宫出血的病因以功血为多,但需排除其他疾病。超声结合宫腔镜检查及病理检查是有力的诊断手段。诊断性刮宫是功血最有效的止血方法。

绝经期前后妇女血浆脂联素、纤维蛋白原水平研究

[目的]探讨脂联素（adiponectin,APN）、纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen,Fig）在绝经期前后妇女的水平及相关影响因素。[方法]选择2009年10~11月于大连医科大学附属第一医院体检中心体检的86名妇女,按绝经与否,分为绝经期前组42例和绝经期后组44例,入选者均测定血浆APN、Fig水平,同时行相关实验室检查。其中APN的测定采用放射免疫法（RIA）。[结果]绝经前组APN水平（7.67±3.47）ng/mL低于绝经后组APN水平（11.24±4.59）ng/mL,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）;绝经前组血浆Fig水平（3.07±0.86）g/L低于绝经后组Fig水平（3.91±0.85）g/L,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。Pearson相关分析表明,APN与Fig呈正相关（P〈0.01）。多元逐步回归分析显示,年龄、TG、FPG进入APN的回归方程,是影响血浆APN的独立因素。身高、BMI、HDL-C、LDL-C进入Fig方程,是影响血浆Fig的独立因素。[结论]绝经后妇女APN、Fig水平均增高,共同参与绝经后妇女疾病的发生、发展过程。APN、Fig水平的测定,利于疾病的早期诊治。

Clinical Trial of Letrozole (femara) versus Aminoglutethimide in Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Cancer

Objective： To compare the response and adverse reactions of aminoglutethimide with that of femara, an oral aromatase inhibitor, in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Methods： Fifty patients were randomly assigned to femara 2.5 mg once daily （n=26） or aminoglutethimide （n=24） 125 mg twice daily in the first week, 250 mg twice daily in the second week, 250 mg three times daily in the third week and 250 mg four times daily in the fourth week, 30 days for one cycle for both groups. Results： Overall objective response rate （complete＋partial） of 26.9% for femara was 12.5% higher than that of aminoglutethimide, but there was no significant difference （P=0.294）. The percentages of stable disease were 53.8% and 50.0% respectively in both treatment groups and that of progressive disease of two groups were 19.2% and 37.5%. There was no significant difference between two arms in the receptor status, disease-free intervals, sites of disease and stages of treatment. Femara-related adverse events were fatigue （15.4%）, anorexia （11.5%）, dizziness （7.7%）, nausea （3.8%） and somnolence （3.8%）. However, incidence of nausea （25.0%） and vomiting （16.7%） in aminoglutethimide group was obviously higher and severer than that in femara group （P=0.045 and P=0.046）. Compared to femara group, frequency in dizziness （25.0%）, fatigue （20.8%）, anorexia （16.7%）, somnolence （12.5%） and cutaneous pruritus （12.5%） was higher in aminoglutethimide group. Allergic rash occurred in aminoglutethimide group. Conclusion： Femara was more effective and well tolerated than aminoglutethimide with respect to side effects in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.

Comparison of Letrozole and Aminoglutethimide in Treatment of 113 Cases of Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Cancer

Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of letrozole with aminoglutethimide (AG) in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: The multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 113 patients. They randomly received letrozole 2.5 mg once daily (letrozole group) or AG 250 mg 4 times daily (AG group) with hydrocortisone. Results: The OR in letrozole group was 23.73% (2 cases of CR and 12 cases of PR, ITT OR was 21.88%), which was higher than in AG group (the OR 11.11%, 1 CASE of CR and 5 cases of PR, ITT 10.17%), but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Adverse events (AE) and the treatment related AE (RAE) in letrozole group (n=59) was 18.54% and 13.56% respectively, significantly lower than those (42.11% and 33.33% respectively) in AG group (n=57, P=0.002). Conclusion: The OR of letrozole in the treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer positive or unknown for hormonal receptor is 23.73%, showing no significant difference to that of AG. The AE of letrozole are significantly less than AG.

Female hepatology:Favorable role of estrogen in chronic liver disease with hepatitis B virus infection

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),mainly as a result of chronic necroinflammatory liver disease. A characteristic feature of chronic hepatitis B infection,alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes,which,in turn,activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs are the primary target cells for inflammatory and oxidative stimuli,and these cells produce extracellular matrix components. Chronic hepatitis B appears to progress more rapidly in males than in females,and NAFLD,cirrhosis and HCC are predominately diseases that tend to occur in men and postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women have lower hepatic iron stores and a decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Hepatic steatosis has been observed in aromatase-deficient mice,and has been shown to decrease in animals after estradiol treatment. Estradiol is a potent endogenous antioxidant which suppresses hepatic fibrosis in animal models,and attenuates induction of redox sensitive transcription factors,hepatocyte apoptosis and HSC activation by inhibiting a generation of reactive oxygen species in primary cultures. Variant estrogen receptors are expressed to a greater extent in male patients with chronic liver disease than in females. These lines of evidence suggest that the greater progression of hepatic fibrosis and HCC in men and postmenopausal women may be due,at least in part,to lower production of estradiol and a reduced response to the action of estradiol. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying the sex-associated differences in hepatic fibrogenesis and carciogenesis may open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease.

Osteoporosis in celiac disease and in endocrine and reproductive disorders

As the increase in lifespan brings to light diseases that were previously not clinically detectable,osteoporosis has become an issue of worldwide significance. The disease is marked by a loss of bone mass; the bones become less dense,fragile and more prone to fracturing. Because it is regulated by endocrine and environmental factors,osteoporosis presents a multifactorial etiopathogenesis,with the genetic component accounting for 70% of an individual variation in bone mass density (BMD),the principal determinant,with age,of fracture risk. Pathological conditions such as celiac disease (CD) exacerbate the process of bone loss,so that the occurrence of osteoporosis in celiac subjects is of particular note: indeed,the screening of osteoporosis patients for this disease is advisable,since it may be the only sign of undiagnosed CD. An increase in interleukin IL-1β,of the IL-1 system,in the relatives of celiac patients confirms the genetic predisposition to osteoporosis and its presence is evidence of an association between the two conditions. The direct effect on the bones of CD is secondary to poor absorption of calcium and vitamin D. In women osteoporosis is indirectly associated with early menopause and amenorrhea,and it may follow prolonged breast-feeding and frequent pregnancies,while in men it is associated with hypogonadism and GH deficit. These endocrine and non-endocrine factors exert their effects on bones by modulating the RANK/RANK-L/OPG system. An appropriate lifestyle from adolescence onwards,together with early diagnosis of and treatment for CD and primary and secondary endocrine pathologies are important for the prevention of damage to the bones.

Acupuncture Treatment of Menopausal Syndrome

Case HistoryMs. Li, aged 51 years, a staff member from a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on Feb. 17,2003, with the chief complaint of irregular menstrual cycle for more than 2 years. The patient complained that in the recent two years, she had shortened menstrual cycle, sometimes only with a 10-day interval between each two cycles, and each menstrual period lasting 3-10 days. The menstrual blood was profuse and fresh-red in color, accompanied with such symptoms as feverish sensation in the face,uncontrollable irritability and peevishness, poor sleep,excitation, difficulty in falling asleep. She also sometimes had vexation, palpitation, dizziness,forgetfulness, lumbar soreness, dry throat and thirst,dry stool, and yellow urine. She had been diagnosed by western medicine to have menopausal syndrome,and treated with western medicine accordingly with little effect.

Folic acid supplementation: The new dawn for postmenopausal women with hot flushes

Hot flushes, experienced by 75% of menopausal women, are associated with estrogen deprivation. Estrogen was shown to ameliorate hot flushes by interacting with monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain; reducing noradrenaline and increasing serotonin. Hormone replacement therapy(HRT), the first treatment option, causes concerns over possible increased risks particularly breast cancer. Folic acid is involved in the biosynthesis of serotonin and nordrenaline, which is responsible for its effects on mood and cognition, and degrees of folate inadequacy, not severe enough to produce megaloblastic anaemia, were found to be associated with depression and cognitive malfunctioning. Also, increased age was observed to relate to reduced serum and cerebrospinal fluid folic acid levels. There is emerging evidence that folic acid supplementation ameliorates hot fl ushes by the same mechanism as estrogen. To explore this hypothesis, a multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized is being set up to compare the effect of 5 mg folic acid vs placebo in reducing the frequency and severity of hot fl ushes in postmenopausal women, and on the blood level of serotonin and noradrenaline. If folic acid supplementation is demonstrated to be effective, this will be a turning point in the clinical practice since it represents a cheap, safe and well-tolerated alternative to HRT.

300 CASES OF MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE

Caused by hypo-ovarianism, menopausal syndrome usually occurs in women aged from 45-55 years. With high incidence and various symptoms, the disease often severely jeopardize the health of the women. The authors had treated 300 cases of menopausal syndrome by acupuncture and obtained a good result.

Bioequivalence and safety study of letrozole tablet in healthy Chinese postmenopausal women volunteers

Letrozole is an orally active aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer. A single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study was designed to compare the bioequivalence and safety of two formulations of letrozole （2.5 mg/tablet）, including a newly developed generic formulation （test） and a branded formulation （reference） in a group of healthy Chinese postmenopausal women volunteers under fasting conditions. Blood samples were obtained before study drug administration and at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, 4.00, 6.00, 8.00, 12.00, 24.00, 48.00, 72.00, 96.00, 144.00, 192.00 and 240.00 h after drug administration. Letrozole levels in plasma were analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method. The safety profile was evaluated by adverse events （AEs） record, and assessed by physical examination, vital signs, spontaneous reporting, and clinical laboratory results. A total of 30 healthy Chinese postmenopausal women were enrolled in this study however, only 29 subjects were included in bioequivalence assessments due to serious adverse events （SAEs） in 1 subject. The 90% CIs for the ln-transformed ratios of C max , AUC 0–t , and AUC 0–∞ were 99.55%–115.17%, 97.35%–103.50%, and 97.29%–103.96%, respectively. All values met the predetermined criteria for assuming bioequivalence. One subject （3.3%） experienced SAE who received the reference formulation and 10 subjects （33.3%） reported a total of 13 mild AEs （4 reported from 4 subjects who received the test formulation, and 9 reported from 6 subjects who received the reference formulation）. In this single-dose （2.5 mg） study, we found that the test and reference formulations of letrozole tablet met the regulatory definition for assuming bioequivalence in healthy Chinese postmenopausal women. Both formulations were generally well tolerated in the population studied. Chinese Clinical Trials registration number： ChiCTR-TRC-11001457.

Observation on clinical effect of acupuncture plus Zi Shen Tiao Gan Decoction for perimenopausal insomnia

Objective：To explore the therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus Zi Shen Tiao Gan （Kidney-reinforcing and Liver-regulating） Decoction for perimenopausal women with insomnia. 〈br〉 Methods：A total of 126 eligible cases were randomly divided into two groups, 63 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group were given acupuncture plus Zi Shen Tiao Gan （Kidney-reinforcing and Liver-regulating） Decoction. Those in the control group were treated with the same acupuncture treatment as the observation group. The therapeutic effects were assessed after continuous treatment for four weeks. 〈br〉 Results：The total effective rate was 96.8%in the observation group and 74.6%in the control group. The comparison of the total clinical effects between the two groups was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. After treatment, the intra-group comparisons of SPIEGEL score were statistically significant in both groups （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）;the inter-group comparison of SPIEGEL score difference between before and after treatment was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. 〈br〉 Conclusion： Acupuncture plus Zi Shen Tiao Gan （Kidney-reinforcing and Liver-regulating） Decoction for perimenopausal insomnia is affirmative in the therapeutic effect, and the therapeutic effect is better than simple acupuncture treatment.

Acupoints selection pattern in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of perimenopausal syndrome from 2007 to 2016

Objective： To discuss the acupoints selection pattern in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of perimenopausal syndrome（PMS） from 2007 to 2016. Methods： Clinical literatures related to PMS treated with acupuncture-moxibustion published from 2007 to 2016 were collected from Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（CBM）, Chongqing VIP Database（CQVIP）, China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, and Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database（Wanfang）. The retrieved data underwent descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and association pattern analysis to determine the acupoints selection principle in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS. Results： The top five acupoints used in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS were Sanyinjiao（SP 6）, Shenshu（BL 23）, Guanyuan（CV 4）, Baihui（GV 20）, and Shenmen（HT 7）. The leading 4 meridians were Bladder Meridian, Conception Vessel, Spleen Meridian, and Governor Vessel. The clustering analysis showed that the 5 core acupoint groups were：（1） Sanyinjiao（SP 6）;（2） Shenshu（BL 23） and Guanyuan（CV 4）;（3） Baihui（GV 20）, Shenmen（HT 7）, Zusanli（ST 36）, Ganshu（BL 18） and Taichong（LR 3）;（4） Taixi（KI 3）, Pishu（BL 20）, Xinshu（BL 15）, Qihai（CV 6） and Neiguan（PC 6）;（5） Sishencong（EX-HN 1）, Zhongwan（CV 12）, Hegu（LI 4）, Yintang（GV 29）, Fengchi（GB 20）, Zhongji（CV 3） and Feishu（BL 13）. The three most significant acupoints were Sanyinjiao（SP 6）, Shenshu（BL 23） and Guanyuan（CV 4）. Acupoint groups based on syndrome differentiation included：（1） Hegu（LI 4）, Zhongwan（CV 12） and Sishencong（EX-HN 1）;（2） Feishu（BL 13）, Zhongji（CV 3）, Fengchi（GB 20） and Yintang（GV 29）;（3） Xinshu（BL 15）, Pishu（BL 20）, Qihai（CV 6）, Neiguan（PC 6） and Taixi（KI 3）;（4） Ganshu（BL 18）, Zusanli（ST 36）, Shenmen（HT 7）, Taichong（LR 3） and Baihui（GV 20）. The analysis of association pattern elaborated that Shenshu（BL 23） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） won the highest support rate in the paired groups; Ganshu（BL 18）, Shenshu（BL 23） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） had the highest support rate among the acupoint groups. Conclusion： The data mining results of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS substantially conform to the general principle in traditional acupuncture-moxibustion theories, able to reflect the acupoints selection and grouping pattern and provide references for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS.

Clinical Study on Electroacupuncture for Perimenopause Syndrome

Objective： To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture in treating perimenopause syndrome （PMS） and explore its possible action mechanism. Methods： All of 110 cases with PMS were randomized into group A [Guanyuan （CV 4） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6）] and group B [Neiguan （PC 6） and Zusanli （ST 36）], 55 cases in each. After 4-week treatments, the Kupperman Menopausal Index （KMI） was adopted to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Estradiol （E2）, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were assayed respectively before and after treatments. Results： The KMI decreased by 52.6% in group A, versus 47.4% in group B. The total effective rate was 93.6% in group A, versus 85.7% in group B, and the difference was not significant （P〈0.05）. The content of E2 both increased in the two groups after 4-week treatments （P〈0.05）; the contents of FSH and LH dropped but without statistical difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Both of the two acupoints groups can significantly lower KMI, and effectively increase the contents of E2 in patients with PMS

Survey on Clinical and Basic Study on Perimenopausal Syndrome Treated by Moxibustion

Objective： To review the general study situation of perimenopausal syndrome treated with moxibustion, and to summarize the therapeutic rules of moxibustion for perimenopausal syndrome. Methods： The literature about clinical and experimental study on moxibustion treatment for perimenopausal syndrome since 1996 was sorted out and analyzed by computer search. Results and Conclusion： Twenty-nine articles were collected upon the criteria of recruitment. Mostly used methods were salt-partitioned and warming needle moxibustion, and the most frequently used meridians were Conception Vessel, Governor Vessel, Spleen Meridian, and Kidney Meridian. In acupoints, Shenque （CV 8）, Guanyuan （CV 4）, Mingmen （GV 4） and Yinbai （SP 1） were used in high freauecy.

Clinical Observation on Treating Menopause Syndrome with Acupuncture Therapy

Objective： To study the clinical effect and the endocnne mechanism ot acupuncture therapy on menopause syndrome. Method： There were 47 cases with menopause syndrome, which were divided into two groups, 32 cases in the acupuncture group, treated by acupuncture with main acupoins of Shenshu （BL 23）, Zusanli （ST 36） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6）, and 15 cases in the control group, treated by orally taking the Oryzanol. The Kupperman index of the two groups was observed before and after treatment for evaluating the therapeutic effect. The changes of blood-serum E2, T, FSH, LH of the 25 cases in the acupuncture group were tested by radioimmunoassay before and after the treatment. Results： The acupuncture therapy can relieve the clinical symptoms of menopause syndrome, and its therapeutic effect was better than Oryzanol. After being treated by acupuncture therapy, the content of blood-serum E2 obviously increased, while the contents of LH and T declined, and the FSH also had a tendency to lower, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion： The therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy for menopause is confirmed. The acupuncture therapy can improve the function of hypophysial-gonadal axis of the patient with menopause syndrome, which may be the main mechanism of the acupuncture therapy for treating menopause syndrome.

Review of acupuncture treatment for perimenopausal syndrome

Objective：To summarize the mechanism of acupuncture in treating perimenopausal syndrome （PMS） from the aspects of reproductive endocrinology, immune system, neuroendocrine, the metabolism of free radicals and bone, and the effect of lipid. Methods： The databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVIP were searched from the launch of each database to June 2014 for relevant papers involving clinical and laboratory researches about PMS treated with acupuncture. Results： Acupuncture is a safe, effective, and scientific method in treating PMS, and the efficacy is significant. Conclusion： Considering the limits of previous studies, future research should use high technologies such as molecular biology and genetic testing, and adopt multicenter randomized controlled study method to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in treating female PMS, and to further explore the mechanism of acupuncture in treating PMS.

Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)for menopausal insomnia and its effect on serum hormone levels

Objective:To explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)for menopausal insomnia.Methods:A total of 80 patients with menopausal insomnia were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 40 cases in each group.The patients in the control group received conventional Western medication treatment,and the patients in the observation group received TEAS on the basis of conventional Western medication treatment.The treatment for both groups lasted for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and modified Kupperman scale were evaluated,and the serum levels of estradiol(E2)and follicular stimulating hormone(FSH)were measured.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);in the control group,the improvement of PSQI score was significant(P<0.05),while the change of modified Kupperman score was insignificant(P>0.05);the PSQI and Kupperman scores in the observation group were significantly improved after treatment(both P<0.05),and there were significant differences between the observation group and the control group in PSQI and Kupperman scores(both P<0.05).After treatment,the serum E2 and FSH levels in the control group were not statistically different from those before treatment(both P>0.05);the serum E2 level was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the FSH level was decreased(P<0.05)in the observation group after treatment,and the between-group differences in serum levels of E2 and FSH were significant(both P<0.05).Conclusion:TEAS plus conventional Western medication in treating menopausal insomnia is effective,and can significantly improve the symptoms of insomnia and menopause,which may be related to the regulation of serum E2 and FSH levels.

Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for perimenopausal insomnia: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To observe the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) plus Luohua Anshen oral liquid for patients with perimenopausal insomnia. Methods: A total of 66 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the randomized controlled trial and allocated to a treatment group and a control group at a ratio of 1:1, with 33 cases in each group. Both groups were given Luohua Anshen oral liquid as a basic treatment. The treatment group was additionally given EA every other day, three times a week. Both groups were treated for four weeks and a four-week follow-up was conducted. The scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Kupperman index (KI) and traditional Chinese medicine sleep syndrome scale (TCMSSS) were recorded at pre- and post-treatment, and at the follow-up. Meanwhile, adverse effects were monitored and recorded. Results: After four-week treatment, the global scores of PSQI, KI and TCMSSS in both groups declined significantly (all P<0.05), and the decreases in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group (allP<0.05). The global scores of PSQI, KI and TCMSSS in both groups at the follow-up visit were significantly different from the corresponding baseline (allP<0.05), while insignificantly different from those assessed at post-treatment (allP>0.05). The total effective rate was 93.9% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 72.2% in the control group (P<0.05). No significant adverse event was reported in this trial excepted one patient experienced slight dizziness in the first acupuncture treatment. Conclusion: EA plus Luohua Anshen oral liquid is safe for perimenopausal insomnia with satisfactory short- and long-term effectiveness, and it shows certain advantage compared with using Luohua Anshen oral liquid alone.

Effect of Acupuncture plus Small Dosage of Herba Epimedii on Improving the Life Quality of Climacteric Postmenopausal Women

Objective： To investigate the effects of acupuncture and combined acupuncture and medicine on the quality of life and the genital endocrine level in postmenopausal women. Methods： Forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to acupuncture and acupuncture plus medicine groups, 23 cases in the acupuncture group and 24 cases in the acupuncture plus medicine group. The observed course of treatment was 3 months. A Chinese concise SF 36 questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life in the different groups of patients before and after treatment. Meanwhile, radioimmunoassay was used to observe the differences in serum genital hormones： follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and estradiol （E2） contents between pretreatment and posttreatment in both groups. Results： After treatment, there was a significant difference in quality of life between the two groups and it was better in the acupuncture plus medicine group than in the acupuncture group（P〈 0.01）. E2 content increased more markedly in the acupuncture plus medicine group than in the acupuncture group（P〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences in FSH and LH contents between the two groups（P 〉 0. 05）. Conclusion. Both acupuncture and acupuncture plus medicine can improve the quality of life and increase obviously low E2 content in postmenopausal women. Acupuncture plus medicine raises the patients＇ quality of life and E2 content more markedly than acupuncture. It is suggested that both acupuncture and acupuncture plus medicine can improve the symptoms, signs, and physical and mental health, raise the quality of life and ameliorate genital-endocrine environment in postmenopausal women, but a combination of acupuncture and medicine has a better effect.

Study on drug retention in menopausal women with sequential hormone therapy and tibolone

In the present study, we aimed to retrospectively analyze the medication prescriptions of menopausal women diagnosed with menopausal syndrome in our hospital from 2015 to 2018, and compare the retention rate of estrogen and progesterone sequential therapy and hormone continuous therapy in menopausal women. The rational drug management system of Ningbo Women and Children’s hospital was used to screen the prescriptions of menopausal syndrome in 4 years. After the age, year included in the study, and prescription cost were adjusted, Kaplan-Meier regression analysis was performed to compare the prescription retention rates of the two drug regimens. The distribution of the two HRT regimens in the 4 years showed an increasing trend year by year, and the age groups of the two HRT regimens were mainly distributed between 41 and 60 years old, accounting for 97.1% and 87.06%, respectively. The cost distribution for the other two HRT regimens was approximately the same. Compared with the two HRT regimens, the drug retention rate of hormone continuous regimens was higher than that of hormone sequential regimens within 4 years. Kaplan-Meier regression analysis showed that the trend was significant(Tarone-Ware, Chi-square value = 3.857, P = 0.050). This study found that the median retention time of HRT therapy in menopausal women in our hospital was about half a year, which was significantly lower than that reported in previous studies of 1 year or longer. In addition, the present study found that compared with Femoston, the tibolone regimen significantly increased retention time in the treatment of menopausal syndrome.