中国民法不宜采取统一时效立法

中国民法不宜采取统一时效立法。统一时效立法实践效果并不理想,取得时效和消灭时效的概念、制度构造和效果不同。

论新媒介环境下新闻传播的“时效统一”原则

及时原则是新闻传播的方法原则,是新闻传播规律的重要体现。新媒介环境下,及时原则发生了极化效应,时效分离现象出现。"时"与"效"的分离导致新闻失实、公共性缺失、背离新闻伦理等问题。本文认为,新闻传播的及时原则应该明确转化为"时效统一"原则。时效统一原则的实质要求是合规律性与合目的性的统一,即传播即时性与效益性的统一。从及时原则向时效统一原则转化的过程中,传播主体要坚持新闻本位和求实为本的新闻信条,树立公共性理念和职业责任理念,具体可从"动态性有机呈现,重视事实核查,找准报道时机,展开适度报道策划,坚持‘时度效’相统一"等方面着手。

Constitutive modeling and springback prediction of stress relaxation age forming of pre-deformed 2219 aluminum alloy

Stress relaxation ageing behavior of pre-deformed AA2219 is studied through stress relaxation age experiments and finite element(FE) simulation. The results show that the stress can promote the process of ageing precipitation, and shorten the time to reach the peak strength. Meanwhile,the residual stress and yield strength increase along with the increase in the initial stress. Based on microstructure evolution and ageing strengthening theory,a unified constitutive model is established and incorporated into the FE simulation model through a user subroutine. It is found that the relative error of the radius is 3.6% compared with the experimental result and the springback is 16.8%. This indicates that the proposed stress relaxation ageing constitutive model provides a good prediction on the springback of such stiffened panel during its ageing process.

我国民法典时效制度体例结构的安排

从《征求意见稿》《提交稿》到《民法总则草案》,虽然时效制度有很大的变化,但都采用了统一时效制度体例结构,尤其是《征求意见稿》和《提交稿》采用了将诉讼时效、取得时效、除斥期间、或有期间等统一化的体例结构,此种体例结构安排是否成熟和科学需进一步探讨和论证。尽管我国民法典编纂采用总则技术已成定局,但民法典究竟应采用分立时效制度体例结构或者统一时效制度体例结构确有探讨的必要。统一时效制度体例结构看似更具体系性,但它无法满足总则在制度内部主线和具体制度规则上的要求,因此我国民法典总则只宜规定具有"公因式"体系特征的诉讼时效制度,民法典分则应根据取得时效、除斥期间和或有期间的制度特征,在相应部分以不同的方式加以规定。