金融法重构之社会基础:金融利益关系统合化运动

金融利益关系的运动轨迹是金融法重构的基础。通过分析金融利益关系重整、系统性风险、次贷危机三者"前推后"的因果关系脉络,以及"重整"的具体安排、变动过程,推知金融利益关系运动规律与统合化发展趋势。并通过分析"重整"的产生原因,得出金融创新与金融法约束的应然适度关系。基于以上规律、趋势与关系的总结,提出金融法重构的框架思路。

当前西方高中教育改革及对中国的启示

随着高中教育改革的深入,统合化将成为中国高中教育改革的重大突破口,因为它能有效地克服现行高中教育中普通教育和职业教育、升学教育和就业教育相分裂的弊端,培养出“适应现在和将来”的既能知道“为何而生”,又能知道“凭何而生”的各种人才。本文借鉴澳大利亚、瑞典、美国等国家在统合化方面的成功探索,为改善中国高中教育做出自己的思考。

课程改革成败的关键不在教师

课程改革成败的关键不在教师,而在于理论上是否能克服知识型课程的片面性,建立统合化的能力型课程理论;实践上,是否能开发实施新课程的现代教育教学技术,解决课程实施和教师教育缺乏技术支持等问题。

Integrated Automation of Power Plant Electrical System

Aiming at the comparatively laggard level of power plant electrical system automation, this paper analyzes the feasibility,necessity and some key points of the application of integrated automation technology to power plant electrical system. New idea using fieldbus control system technology is presented. This paper also gives the outline and detailed schemes.

Evolution mechanism of demand for comprehensive transportation system based on metabolic ecology

The metabolic evolution model of transportation demand for comprehensive transportation systems is put forward on the basis of a metabolic theory of ecology. In the model, the growth rates or changing rates of transportation volumes for the various transportation modes of a city are determined not only by the GDP per capita which reflects the size of the city itself, but also by the relationship of competition and cooperation among transportation modes. The results of empirical analysis for Chinese cities show that the allometric growth exponent in the equation for the variation rate of passenger demand volume on rail is greater than the predicted value of 1/4 in metabolic ecology, whereas the allometric growth relationship is not so evident in the equation for the variation rate of passenger demand volume on road. The changing rate of road transportation is thus mainly affected by the relationship of competition and cooperation among transportation modes for Chinese cities.

A New Sampling Approach to Obtain Genomic DNA of Marine Shellfish

[Objective] The aim was to explore a new sampling approach to obtain genomic DNA of marine shellfish,as well as to provide reference for the molecular biology research on precious shellfish.[Method] Meretrix meretrix,Atrina pectinata,Perna viridis,Crassostrea hongkongensis and Scapharca kagoshimensis were used as experimental materials and the genomic DNA of adductor muscle was taken as reference to extract the genomic DNA of shell cavity fluids with the conventional phenol-chloroform method.And then biophotometer,agarose gel electrophoresis,amplification and sequencing of the target fragments were used to examine the quality of genomic DNA.At the same time,the phylogenic tree was constructed to verify the reality of source contributions.[Result] The quality of genomic DNA of shell cavity fluids extracted by the phenol-chloroform method was better than the genomic of adductor muscle.The genomic DNA extracted by this method showed less content of protein,polyphenol and pigment,which could completely meet the demands of amplification and sequencing of the target fragments.Through the phylogenic tree,it was verified that the source contributions of shell cavity fluids were not come from foreign pollutions.[Conclusion] It is completely feasible to obtain the genomic DNA from shell cavity fluids,which could be applied in the target fragments amplification.

Sea level change and forecast in the future — climate of the past,today and the future

The sea-level change is resulted from superposition of sun, moon and other planeries, and earth itself, biological process, atmosphere and oceanography, as well as artificial actions. As a result, the sea level change is really a sensitive integral variation value of many variations, or a combined function of coupling effects of various big systems. Therefore the above mentioned superposed action of different systems and the coupling effect of sun earth and biological aspects may be called as sun earth biological coupling effect system. Based on this hypothesis, the corresponding sun dynamic, air dynamic, water dynamic and earth dynamic conceptional models are established in order to research the multiple coupling effects and feedback machsnism between these big systems. In order to determine the relations, effectness and coherent relation of different variations, the quantity, analysis is conducted through collective variation and stage division. The quantity analysis indicates that the earths spindle rotation speed is the dynamic mechanism controlling the sea level change of fluctuation. The change rate of sea level in the world is ＋1.32 ＋ 0.22 mm/a, while the sea level change rate in China is only＋1.39 ＋ 0.26 mm/a in average. If take the CO2 content as the climate marker, eight cold stages （periods） are grouped out since two hundreds years AC. The extreme cold of the eighth cold stage started approximately at 1850 years AC. and if the stage from the extreme cold to extreme warm is determined as long as 200 years, the present ongoing warm stage will end at about 2050 years, there after the temperature will begin to tower. If the stage between cold and warm extremes lasts for 250 years, then the temperature will become lower at about 2100 year. Until to that time, the sea-level is estimated to raise ＋7 - ＋11 ＋ 3.5 cm again, and there after, the sea level will begin the new lowering trend. In the same time, the climate will enter into next new cold stage subsequently.

Spectral Properties and Characterization of the Modified PSⅡ Core Complexes

用组氨酸的特异性修饰剂 (DEPC)对PSⅡ核心复合物进行了化学修饰 ,并对其光谱性质进行了研究。研究结果表明 :修饰后的PSⅡ核心复合物的吸收光谱在红区发生了很大变化 ,随修饰时间的增加 ,6 80nm处的吸收逐渐下降。修饰后的PSⅡ核心复合物的荧光光谱在最初的 1min内出现荧光上升现象 ,然后逐渐下降 ,峰位蓝移。这些研究结果表明 ,组氨酸残基的修饰导致了原初电子供体P6 80结构的破坏 ,并对其功能产生了影响。

Investigation of the Interactive,Intimidating Relation Between Urbanization and the Environment in an Arid Area Based on Grey System Theory

Taking the Hexi Corridor in western China as an example, this paper studies the interactive intimate i relation between urbanization and the environment in add areas based on the grey system theory. The results show that the grey relational degree between urbanization and the environment is low in the agriculture-oriented cities, modest in the tourism-oriented cities and great in the industry-oriented cities. The changing trend of coupling degree between urbanization and the environment does not entirely agree with that of urbanization or the environment. It showed fluctuating trends, which reflects the compactness and properties of the different stages of the coupling states between urbanization and the environment. In order to achieve a harmonious development with the environment in add areas, traditional development ideas about urbanization should be revised and more attention should be paid to the effect of restriction of water resources and the ecological environment on the development of the economy and society.

Role of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides as Ozone Precursors in the Wintertime over East Asia

As an exercise in model sensitivity, the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with meteorological fields from the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was applied to study the response of photochemical oxidants to systematic increases in anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NO x) emissions in January 1997 over East Asia. Three simulations-one base case and two sensitivity simulations were carried out. Two sensitivity simulations were performed by assuming a 35% separate increase in anthropogenic VOC and NO x emissions comparing with the base case. Biogenic VOC emissions were held constant across the sensitivity simulations. To evaluate the model performance, ozone mixing ratios (O 3) from the base case simulation were compared with surface observations at five remote sites in Japan, and it was found that the model reproduces most of the important features in the observations. Monthly average O 3 concentrations in the daytime were examined to gain an understanding of how the increase in anthropogenic emissions affected the overall chemical system for each sensitivity simulation.

Experimental study on the role of endotoxin in the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome

AIM: To evaluate the role of intestinal endotoxemia in the genesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS: A rat model of cirrhosis was prepared with the method of compound factors. At the end of the eighth week, rats with cirrhosis were treated with 300 μg LPS/100 g body weight, and 1 g/rat of glycine about four h prior to LPS. After three h of LPS treatment, blood and tissues were collected for various measurements. Kupffer cells were isolated from male Wistar rats and cultured, and divided into five groups. Supernatant was harvested at 3 h after treatment with LPS for measurement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS: Our results showed that in rats with cirrhosis, slowed and deepened breath with occasional pause was. PaO2, PaCO2 and standard bicarbonate (SB) in arterial blood were decreased. Arterial O2 and actual bicarbonate (AB) were markedly decreased. There was a close correlation between decreased O2 and endotoxin. Metabolic acidosis accompanying respiratory alkalosis was the primary type of acid-base imbalance. The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was sharply widened. Massive accumulation of giant macrophages in the alveolar spaces and its wall and widened alveolar wall architecture were observed. The number of bacterial translocations in mesenteric lymph nodes increased. The ratio of TC99M-MAA brain-over-lung radioactivity rose. Endotoxin, and TNF-α, endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO) in plasma and ET-1, carbon monoxide (CO) in lung homogenates increased. After administration of a given dosage of LPS in rats with cirrhosis, various pathological parameters worsened. Plasma level of endotoxin was related to TNF-α, ET-1, NO in plasma and ET-1, NO, CO in lung homogenates. TNF-α level was related to ET-1 and NO in plasma and lung homogenates and CO in lung homogenate as well. The level of TNF-α increased after infusion of LPS into culture supernatant of Kupffer cells in vitro. However, TNF-α significantly decreased after pretreatment with glycine, PD98059 and SB212850. Glycine could antagonize the effect of LPS in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION: Intestinal endotoxemia accompanying by cirrhosis may be an important mechanism in the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome in rats. Overproduction of TNF-α due to endotoxin stimulation of Kupffer cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway may be a major mechanism mediating the pathologic alterations of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Selective aerobic oxidation of p-cresol with co-catalysts between metalloporphyrins and metal salts

A green and efficient method for the selective aerobic oxidation of p-cresol to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde catalyzed by co-catalysts between metalloporphyrins and metal salts was investigated and developed. The relationship between the synergistic catalytic effects and the composition as well as amount of co-catalysts was investigated. Moreover, the influence of different reaction conditions was studied in details. A high p-cresol conversion （〉99%） and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde selectivity （83%） were obtained using only 1.125 × 10- 5 mol T（p-CH3O）PPFe111Cl-Co（OAc）2 used under mild, optimized reaction conditions. A possible mechanism for the reaction was also proposed. This work would be meaningful and instructive for the further researches and applications of co-catalyst system on oxidation of cresols and could give some enlightenment on the selectively catalytic oxidation of the side-chain alkyls of aromatics.

Global Optimization for the Synthesis of Integrated Water Systems with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fresh water and wastewater treatment is globally minimized. A superstructure that incorporates all feasible design alterna- tives for wastewater treatment, reuse and recycle, is synthesized with a non-linear programming model. An evolutionary approach--an improved particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing such systems. Two simple examples are .Presented.to illustrate the global op.timization of inte.grated water networks using the proposed algorithm.

Phase equilibria in the Mg-rich corner of the Mg-Zn-La system at 350°C

The phase equilibria in the Mg-rich comer of the Mg-Zn-La system at 350℃ have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. It has been shown that the linear compound （Mg,Zn）17La2 existed in the Mg-Zn-La system at 350℃. The linear cornpound （so-called Tphase） was with the C-centred orthorhombic crystal structure induced by the solution of significant quantities of the third element. The three-phase region α（Mg） ＋ MgZn（La） ＋ T and the two-phase region composed of the α（Mg） and the linear-compound T phase existed in the Mg-rich comer of the Mg-Zn-La system at 350℃.

A system combining microbial fuel cell with photobioreactor for continuous domestic wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation

A coupled system consisting of an upflow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (upflow ML-MFC) and a photobioreactor was developed, and its effectiveness for continuous wastewater treatment and electricity production was evaluated. Wastewater was fed to the upflow ML-MFC to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus and nitrogen with simultaneous electricity generation. The effluent from the cathode compartment of the upflow ML-MFC was then continuously fed to an external photobioreactor for removing the remaining phosphorus and nitrogen using microalgae. Alone, the upflow ML-MFC produces a maximum power density of 481 mW/m 3 , and obtains 77.9% COD, 23.5% total phosphorus (TP) and 97.6% NH4+-N removals. When combined with the photobioreactor, the system achieves 99.3% TP and 99.0% NH4+-N total removal. These results show both the effectiveness and the potential application of the coupled system to continuously treat domestic wastewater and simultaneously generate electricity and biomass.

Enhancement of signal-noise-ratio in a distributed polarization mode coupling detection system

A distributed polarization-mode coupling measurement system was designed and implemented using white light interferometry. It can be used for the measurement of polarization mode coupling in a high-birefringence fiber of up to i km. This system can be used in both fiber-optic sensors and optical fiber communications. Wavelet Transform was adopted in data processing to improve the signal-noise-ratio. The signal-noise-ratio of this system was improved more than 15 dB after denoising. The influence of denoising threshold on signal-noise-ratio and measurement accuracy was also discussed. Hilbert Transform and non-linear regression can be used in conjunction with Wavelet Transform to enhance the signal-noise-ratio and spatial resolution of this system.

The Involutive Solutions of the Representation Equation Associated with the Bargmann System

In this paper, by a nonlinear procedure of a eigenvalue problem, we get a Bargmann system and prove it is a completely in tegrable system in the meanning of Liouville. By the way, the involutive solutio n of the representation equation is given.

Simulation and analysis of energy optimization for PEMFC hybrid system

The control objective and several key parameters of PEMFC hybrid system are analyzed. Control strategy design and energy optimization simulation are made individually for given cycle case and realtime operating case. For the given cycle case, genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the multi-constraint combinatorial optimization problem. Simulation result showed the algorithm＇s feasibility. As far as the realtime operation is concerned, based on the original fuzzy control strategy, the fuel cell voltage and voltage variance parameters are introduced to apply result reveals that the improved fuzzy control strategy can enhance the two-level modification on the fuzzy control output. The fuel cell efficiency and reduce the power fluctuations.

Strengthening pelletization of manganese ore fines containing high combined water by high pressure roll grinding and optimized temperature elevation system

Pelletization is one of useful processes for the agglomeration of iron ore or concentrates. However, manganese ore fines are mainly agglomerated by sintering due to its high combined water which adversely affects the roasting performance of pellets. In this work, high pressure roll grinding(HPRG) process and optimization of temperature elevation system were investigated to improve the strength of fired manganese ore pellets. It is shown that the manganese ore possesses good ballability after being pretreated by HPRG twice, and good green balls were produced under the conditions of blending 2.0% bentonite in the feed, balling for 7 min at 16.00% moisture. High quality roasted pellets with the compressive strength of 2711 N per pellet were manufactured through preheating at 1050 °C for 10 min and firing at 1335 °C for 15 min by controlling the cracks formation. The fired manganese pellets keep the strength by the solid interconnection of recrystallized pyrolusite grains and the binding of manganite liquid phase which filled the pores and clearance among minerals. The product pellets contain high Mn grade and low impurities, and can be used to smelt ferromanganese, which provides a possible way to use imported manganese ore fines containing high combined water to produce high value ferromanganese.