部分变量误差模型(partial EIV model)的加权整体最小二乘(weighted total least-squares,WTLS)估计不具备抵御粗差的能力。鉴于粗差可能同时出现在观测值和系数矩阵中,本文在提出部分变量误差模型WTLS估计的两步迭代解法的基础上,运用...部分变量误差模型(partial EIV model)的加权整体最小二乘(weighted total least-squares,WTLS)估计不具备抵御粗差的能力。鉴于粗差可能同时出现在观测值和系数矩阵中,本文在提出部分变量误差模型WTLS估计的两步迭代解法的基础上,运用抗差M估计的等价权方法,发展了一种整体抗差最小二乘(TRLS)估计方法,并采用一致最大功效统计量确定降权因子。针对WTLS估计两步迭代解法的特点,设计了两个不同的降权方案:第1个方案是在估计系数矩阵元素时,不对观测值降权,仅对系数矩阵降权;第2个方案是在估计系数矩阵元素时,既对系数矩阵降权,同时也对观测值降权。通过对模拟2D仿射变换和线性拟合实例进行计算和分析,结果表明第1方案优于第2方案,并且优于基于残差和验后单位权方差的抗差估计和现有的变量误差模型抗差估计。展开更多
针对沥青路面摊铺离析导致路面出现早期损害和平整度衰减的问题,将摊铺路面分为多个检测道,借鉴ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)比对试验分析方法,视摊铺机在各检测道的摊铺行为为独立试验过程,采用无核密度仪和激光...针对沥青路面摊铺离析导致路面出现早期损害和平整度衰减的问题,将摊铺路面分为多个检测道,借鉴ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)比对试验分析方法,视摊铺机在各检测道的摊铺行为为独立试验过程,采用无核密度仪和激光纹理仪两种无损检测手段,通过对沥青路面内部空隙率和表面构造深度均匀性分析来评价路面横、纵向摊铺离析,在检测试验结果的分析上,引入重复性标准偏差Sr、SR和一致性统计量k、h作为评价分析手段,并运用取芯切片及结合数字图像处理的方法来分析芯样截面的面空隙率差异,能有效评价沥青路面的竖向离析。结果证明,这种评价方法很好地反映了沥青路面施工质量的均匀性,该方法切实可行。展开更多
The path-integral quantization of thermal scalar, vector, and spinor fields is performed newly in the coherent-state representation. In doing this, we choose the thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory as,examples. ...The path-integral quantization of thermal scalar, vector, and spinor fields is performed newly in the coherent-state representation. In doing this, we choose the thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory as,examples. By this quantization, correct expressions of the partition functions and the generating functionals for the quantum thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory are obtained in the coherent-state representation. These expressions allow us to perform analytical calculations of the partition functions and generating functionals and therefore are useful in practical applications. Especially, the perturbative expansions of the generating functionals are derived specifically by virtue of the stationary-phase method. The generating functionals formulated in the position space are re-derived from the ones given in the coherent-state representation.展开更多
文摘部分变量误差模型(partial EIV model)的加权整体最小二乘(weighted total least-squares,WTLS)估计不具备抵御粗差的能力。鉴于粗差可能同时出现在观测值和系数矩阵中,本文在提出部分变量误差模型WTLS估计的两步迭代解法的基础上,运用抗差M估计的等价权方法,发展了一种整体抗差最小二乘(TRLS)估计方法,并采用一致最大功效统计量确定降权因子。针对WTLS估计两步迭代解法的特点,设计了两个不同的降权方案:第1个方案是在估计系数矩阵元素时,不对观测值降权,仅对系数矩阵降权;第2个方案是在估计系数矩阵元素时,既对系数矩阵降权,同时也对观测值降权。通过对模拟2D仿射变换和线性拟合实例进行计算和分析,结果表明第1方案优于第2方案,并且优于基于残差和验后单位权方差的抗差估计和现有的变量误差模型抗差估计。
文摘针对沥青路面摊铺离析导致路面出现早期损害和平整度衰减的问题,将摊铺路面分为多个检测道,借鉴ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)比对试验分析方法,视摊铺机在各检测道的摊铺行为为独立试验过程,采用无核密度仪和激光纹理仪两种无损检测手段,通过对沥青路面内部空隙率和表面构造深度均匀性分析来评价路面横、纵向摊铺离析,在检测试验结果的分析上,引入重复性标准偏差Sr、SR和一致性统计量k、h作为评价分析手段,并运用取芯切片及结合数字图像处理的方法来分析芯样截面的面空隙率差异,能有效评价沥青路面的竖向离析。结果证明,这种评价方法很好地反映了沥青路面施工质量的均匀性,该方法切实可行。
文摘The path-integral quantization of thermal scalar, vector, and spinor fields is performed newly in the coherent-state representation. In doing this, we choose the thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory as,examples. By this quantization, correct expressions of the partition functions and the generating functionals for the quantum thermal electrodynamics and psi(4) theory are obtained in the coherent-state representation. These expressions allow us to perform analytical calculations of the partition functions and generating functionals and therefore are useful in practical applications. Especially, the perturbative expansions of the generating functionals are derived specifically by virtue of the stationary-phase method. The generating functionals formulated in the position space are re-derived from the ones given in the coherent-state representation.
