Based on statistical analysis,this paper states that four types of rural infrastructure as roads,electricity, communications,and education have statistically significant effects on agricultural production,nonagricultu...Based on statistical analysis,this paper states that four types of rural infrastructure as roads,electricity, communications,and education have statistically significant effects on agricultural production,nonagricultural production,and farmers’income in China.However,the specifics and the degrees of these influences are different. Therefore, different policies have to be implemented respectively to make full use ofthe limited funds in China. Meanwhile, the maturity level of rural infrastructure as with rural economic development has regional discrepancy. The levels of maturity decrease from east to west.It is urgent that the current weak situation of the ruralinfrastruc- ture in western China needs to be improved.展开更多
＂Design and Build＂ procurement method has been in use in Nigeria and this method has been latent with a lot of risks. This study intends to identify the risk inherent in ＂Design and Build＂ and also to evaluate the...＂Design and Build＂ procurement method has been in use in Nigeria and this method has been latent with a lot of risks. This study intends to identify the risk inherent in ＂Design and Build＂ and also to evaluate the impact of the identified risks on project performance. A descriptive research survey is undertaken for this study. Snowballing sampling technique was used via the use of questionnaires. Population of the study includes contracting organizations, consultants and clients＇ organizations that are recently involved in ＂Design and Build＂ projects. A total of 39 questionnaires were distributed and 27 were returned and used for the analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for analyzing the data collected. Descriptive statistical tool of mean item score was employed for the analysis. The results show that the most prominent risk is change in quantity/scope of work in terms of cost related risk while in terms of time related risks the most prominent risk is design changes. Errors and omissions during construction are the risks prominent in terms of quality. In conclusion, ＂Design and Build＂ procurement has a lot of inherent, unresolved and undefined cost, time and quality related factors that can trigger off risks that will affect performance of DB project. Implications of this study to practitioners in the construction is such that the findings of this study can create awareness for stakeholders and construction practitioners of the prominent risks that affect DB projects and this can help in better management of future DB projects in Nigeria and other developing countries. Design and Build procurement in spite of these plethora of risks is still strongly recommended for clients, stakeholders and other practitioners in the construction industry for use in their future projects. This procurement method delivers project faster, within cost and offers good quality of workmanship and product to users of this method.展开更多
文摘Based on statistical analysis,this paper states that four types of rural infrastructure as roads,electricity, communications,and education have statistically significant effects on agricultural production,nonagricultural production,and farmers’income in China.However,the specifics and the degrees of these influences are different. Therefore, different policies have to be implemented respectively to make full use ofthe limited funds in China. Meanwhile, the maturity level of rural infrastructure as with rural economic development has regional discrepancy. The levels of maturity decrease from east to west.It is urgent that the current weak situation of the ruralinfrastruc- ture in western China needs to be improved.
文摘＂Design and Build＂ procurement method has been in use in Nigeria and this method has been latent with a lot of risks. This study intends to identify the risk inherent in ＂Design and Build＂ and also to evaluate the impact of the identified risks on project performance. A descriptive research survey is undertaken for this study. Snowballing sampling technique was used via the use of questionnaires. Population of the study includes contracting organizations, consultants and clients＇ organizations that are recently involved in ＂Design and Build＂ projects. A total of 39 questionnaires were distributed and 27 were returned and used for the analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for analyzing the data collected. Descriptive statistical tool of mean item score was employed for the analysis. The results show that the most prominent risk is change in quantity/scope of work in terms of cost related risk while in terms of time related risks the most prominent risk is design changes. Errors and omissions during construction are the risks prominent in terms of quality. In conclusion, ＂Design and Build＂ procurement has a lot of inherent, unresolved and undefined cost, time and quality related factors that can trigger off risks that will affect performance of DB project. Implications of this study to practitioners in the construction is such that the findings of this study can create awareness for stakeholders and construction practitioners of the prominent risks that affect DB projects and this can help in better management of future DB projects in Nigeria and other developing countries. Design and Build procurement in spite of these plethora of risks is still strongly recommended for clients, stakeholders and other practitioners in the construction industry for use in their future projects. This procurement method delivers project faster, within cost and offers good quality of workmanship and product to users of this method.
