统计学学习中的几个误区

例1 (2001年新疆中考题)一家电脑生产厂家在某城市三个经销该厂产品的大商场进行调查,产品的销量占这三个大商场同类产品销量的40%,由此便在广告中宣传,他们的产品在国内同类产品的销量占40%.请你根据所学的统计知识,判断该宣传中的数据是否可靠?并简述理由.粗略一看,感到所做广告有数有据,可以接受,但稍细推敲,就发现厂家愚弄了消费者.其理由为(1)所抽取的样本容量小;(2)样本的抽取仅局限在某市,而不是在全国范围内.由此可见,统计学的论述在联系到因果关系时很容易造成误解.因此,在利用统计数据时,须慎防掉入其陷阱.本文给出统计学学习中的几个常见误区,供参考.

经管类专业大学生统计学学习焦虑状况调查分析

文章基于对经管类专业大学生统计学学习的焦虑状况进行调查,通过了解与分析经管类专业大学生对统计学学习的焦虑现状,提出了消除经管类专业大学生对统计学学习焦虑的对策建议。研究结论为今后更进一步的研究经管类专业大学生对统计学学习焦虑的各种前因与后果提供了一个新视角,也为当前各级高校加强大学生心理健康咨询与管理指明了一个具体的方向。研究成果将提交样本高校学生处、样本高校心理健康辅导中心。

非统计专业大学生在统计学习中产生焦虑情绪的相关性研究

进入大数据时代后,不论是何种专业的大学生都要进行与其专业相关的统计学的学习。经过调查发现,在统计学学习中普遍存在焦虑的情绪,但是长期以来,这种现象并未引起重视。所以这份研究的目的是为了通过数理统计的方式分析非统计专业的大学生在统计学学习中产生的焦虑情绪进行相关性研究,并给予相应的改善学习成果的建议。为了进行详细的研究,本文通过发放自制问卷,对西安市内的五所大学不同专业(非统计专业)的学生在统计学学习中存在焦虑情绪的现状进行了调查分析,并对调查数据进行定性及定量分析,对导致焦虑情绪产生的因素进行相应分析,找出统计学上的显著性关系,从一定程度上帮助学生缓解统计学学习中的焦虑情绪,最终改善学习成果。

《统计学原理》学习辅导

统计学是一门收集、整理和分析统计资料的方法科学，研究如何对国民经济和社会现象的数量方面进行调查、整理与分析。《统计学原理》是统计学科体系中的基础理论。全书共十二章，第一章介绍了统计学的一般知识，包括统计的产生和发展，统计的特点和作用，并重点介绍了统计学中的一些基本概念等。

A new decision tree learning algorithm

In order to improve the generalization ability of binary decision trees, a new learning algorithm, the MMDT algorithm, is presented. Based on statistical learning theory the generalization performance of binary decision trees is analyzed, and the assessment rule is proposed. Under the direction of the assessment rule, the MMDT algorithm is implemented. The algorithm maps training examples from an original space to a high dimension feature space, and constructs a decision tree in it. In the feature space, a new decision node splitting criterion, the max-min rule, is used, and the margin of each decision node is maximized using a support vector machine, to improve the generalization performance. Experimental results show that the new learning algorithm is much superior to others such as C4. 5 and OCI.

How Many Packets Are Most Effective for Early Stage Traffic Identification： An Experimental Study

Accurately identifying network traffics at the early stage is very important for the application of traffic identification.Recent years,more and more research works have tried to build effective machine learning models to identify traffics with the few packets at the early stage.However,a basic and important problem is still unresolved,that is how many packets are most effective in early stage traffic identification.In this paper,we try to resolve this problem using experimental methods.We firstly extract the packet size of the first 2-10 packets of 3 traffic data sets.And then execute crossover identification experiments with different numbers of packets using 11 well-known machine learning classifiers.Finally,statistical tests are applied to find out which number is the best performed one.Our experimental results show that 5-7are the best packet numbers for early stage traffic identification.

Relationship Between English Learning Strategies and Learning Style Preferences： An Empirical Study

In recent years, research emphasis in the field of SLA （second language acquisition） has shifted to the study of the learning process and behaviors of learners than that of teachers. Researches concerning the learners＇ language learning strategies and learning styles have been conducted in different cultural backgrounds. However, comparatively speaking, there are few studies focusing on the relationship between language learning strategies and learning style preferences in English learning among Chinese students. This paper elaborates on the research questions and hypotheses according to the English Learning Questionnaire, which consists primarily of SILL （Strategy Inventory for Language Learning） （Oxford, 1990） and PLSP （Perceptual Learning Style Preference） Survey （Reid, 1987） to identify their English learning strategy uses and learning style preferences. Then, with statistical analysis （by SPSS （Statistical Product and Service Solutions）） of the results of the questionnaire, discussions are made on the correlation between learning strategies, learning style preferences, and their gender differences, followed by pedagogical implications for English teaching and learning in the university settings in China.

An Empirical Study of Applying English Films and TV Programs to English-Listening Teaching

This is a study of the feasibility and effects of teaching listening with films and TV programs. The research is a part of the English Learning Program directed by ZHANG Zhen, which is sponsored by Academic Affairs Office of Leshan Normal University. The researcher of the program sought for theretical bases from Krashen＇s Input Hypothesis, the Motivation Theory, the Context Theory, and the Communicative Language Teaching Theory. Then the author introduced a pilot study conducted by utilizing films or TV programs to teach listening from September 2010 till now. The statistic results from the experiment suggest that there is indeed some correlations between teaching listening with films or TV programs and a learner＇s listening comprehension in general in language achievement tests at certain stages. The scores of the students from the experimental group are improved after two years of teaching with the new methods. Analyses and discussions have been done based on a questionnaire and an interview. The results showed that both the teachers and the students had positive attitudes towards teaching listening with films or TV programs. Most of them view this method as an effective way in ELT （English language teaching）, because it provides more opportunities for contextual practice, lower their anxiety; it can also help to motivate them, stimulate their active participation and increase their activities as well. Therefore, this method can be used to cultivate students＇ communicative competence. Consequently, we can draw the conclusion that this method has some advantages over teaching listening with the pre-taped materials in New College English. It may play an important role in ELT, especially in listening teaching. Based on the statistic analyses and the survey, some activities and techniques are provided for the teacher on how to teach listening with films or TV programs. The roles that an English teacher plays in this method are illustrated at the end of the thesis.

The Use of Task-Based Activities to Improve Listening and Speaking Skills in EFL Context

The aim of this study was to improve EFL learners＇ English listening and speaking skills at a State University in Turkey, School of Foreign Languages, Department of Basic English B1 and BI＋ groups through task-based activities. The participants were 56 in total, studying in the academic year of 2014-2015 Spring Fall. The instruments used for collecting data were 16 lesson plans and the speaking and listening quiz results as post-tests. The data were statistically analyzed by mean, max, and min values of the scores. Teaching process and the lesson plans were recorded by researcher then presented in essay form. After the implementation and the post-tests, the participants＇ opinions about the task were collected as an interview. The results of the study showed that B1 groups did not get significant results from listening test and get nearly significant scores from speaking test while the listening and speaking results of BI＋ groups through task-based learning after the implementations were highly significant, which shows that their participation in the task-based activities in the classroom reflected the results positively. Also the students＇ opinions about task-based learning and teaching activities were respectively positive. As a result, it can be said that task-based activities play a significant role in improving listening and speaking skills in EFL settings.

A Research of the Silent Class in Senior English Instruction in China

There have been great improvements in English teaching in China since the adoption of the New National English Curriculum, however, there are still some problems in western Sichuan province in China. Silent class is found through the author＇s observation of some English lessons in some senior schools. This paper analyzes the situation of classroom interaction in English teaching in southwestern China and explores the reasons of silent class based on the analysis of the statistics drawn from questionnaires. The reasons are illustrated from three perspectives： teacher-centered class, exercises-based teaching, and learners＇ instrument learning motivation. The author suggests some proposals to solve the problems, such as changes of teachers＇ roles, creation of stress-free learning environment, and use of task-based teaching, which aims to make teachers consider using interactive language teaching to cultivate learners＇ whole abilities and to improve the efficiency of teaching and learning.

Comparative study of College English traditional listening and speaking mode and network listening and speaking teaching mode

Since 1958 the United States Watson research center designed the world＇ s first computer teaching system, the history of computer technology in education has lasted for over 40 years, with the beginning of digitized audio and global network as a symbol of the information age, the rapid development of multimedia network technology＇ s application crosses various fields, like other areas, foreign language teaching also benefit. January 2004, Department of Higher Education issued a ＂College English Curriculum Requirements＂ （Trial）, which clearly states： ＂It should make full use of opportunities of multimedia, network technology development which is brought about by the introduction of new teaching model to improve the original teachers＇ single classroom teaching mode. The new model should be based on modern information technology support, especially network technology, the English teaching towards individualized learning, independent of time and place restrictions learning, active learning direction. ＂